Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 143-149.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.01.020

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Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Annual Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat-Maize Rotation System

Liu Jiamin(), Wang Yang, Chu Xu, Qi Xin, Wang Manman, Zhao Ya'nan, Ye Youliang, Huang Yufang()   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2020-05-03 Revised:2020-12-25 Online:2021-02-15 Published:2021-02-23
  • Contact: Huang Yufang E-mail:3030398322@qq.com;503593726@qq.com

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Abstract:

The gap between the customary seeding rate of wheat-maize growers in Henan province and the recommended seeding rate by experts is large. This study aims to match the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer for different seeding rates to achieve the best economic benefits and nitrogen use efficiency. Wheat varieties (Aikang 58 and Bainong 207) and maize varieties (Beiqing 340 and Denghai 605) were selected as test materials, and two seeding doses of farmers' habits and experts recommend were set, and the three nitrogen supply levels 0, 180, and 360kgN/ha were compared and analyzed. The dry matter amount, yield, nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefit of wheat and maize of different treatments were compared. The results showed that the habits of wheat farmers were 75kg/ha higher than those recommended by experts. Compared with the customary treatment of farmers, the wheat yield increased by 10.0% to 15.7%, and the economic benefit was improved. The yield of wheat increased with the increasing of the number of kernels. Under the habit seeding rate of farmers, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, there was no significant difference in wheat yield, and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer decreased. Under the recommendation of the experts, the output of Bainong 207 reached the highest under the treatment of N180. The amount of maize used by farmers is 22 500kg/hm2 lower than that of recommended by experts. Compared with farmers' customary treatment, the yield of maize recommended by experts increased from 17.8% to 22.7%. Maize production increased with seeding rate increasing. Under the habit seeding rate of farmers, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the yield of maize decreased, and the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer agronomy decreased. The economic benefit of N180 treatment was the highest under the planting density recommended by experts.

Key words: Planting density, Nitrogen application rate, Wheat-maize rotation, Yield, Nitrogen use efficiency, Economic benefit

Fig.1

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on the yields of different varieties of wheat and maize Different lowercase letters indicate the difference between different nitrogen levels at the same density (P < 0.05)"

Table 1

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on yield components of different wheat and maize varieties"

品种
Variety		 种植密度
Planting density		 氮水平
Nitrogen level		 穗数
Spike number (×104/hm2)		 穗粒数
Kernels per ear		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
小麦Wheat
矮抗58 187.5kg/hm2 N0 29.28c 35.78a 47.41a
Aikang 58 N180 42.78a 39.63a 43.74b
N360 37.78b 36.13a 42.03bc
112.5kg/hm2 N0 21.56d 38.43a 47.69a
N180 34.72b 37.10a 42.90bc
N360 37.06b 40.40a 41.87c
百农207 187.5kg/hm2 N0 28.78c 39.50b 49.35ab
Bainong 207 N180 32.28b 34.13c 48.50ab
N360 31.89b 40.60ab 46.80ab
112.5kg/hm2 N0 24.61d 39.60b 51.23a
N180 35.22a 38.90b 46.80ab
N360 30.94bc 44.57a 45.65b
玉米Maize
北青340 52 500株/hm2 N0 0.35 554.27a 307.20b
Beiqing 340 N180 0.35 592.60a 344.57a
N360 0.35 598.73a 326.83ab
75 000株/hm2 N0 0.50 550.07a 311.77b
N180 0.50 564.53a 312.23b
N360 0.50 539.80a 302.07b
登海605 52 500株/hm2 N0 0.35 580.73a 301.27ab
Denghai 605 N180 0.35 601.07a 299.60ab
N360 0.35 600.33a 267.27c
75 000株/hm2 N0 0.50 494.33b 291.00abc
N180 0.50 521.60b 306.13a
N360 0.50 496.73b 273.07bc

Fig.2

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on dry matter amounts of different wheat varieties"

Fig.3

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on dry matter amounts of different maize varieties"

Table 2

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on nitrogen use efficiency of different wheat and maize varieties"

周年（小麦-玉米）Anniversary (wheat-maize) 种植密度
Planting density		 氮水平
Nitrogen
level		 氮肥农学效率
Nitrogen agronomic
efficiency (kg/kg)		 氮肥偏生产力
Nitrogen partial factor
productivity (kg/kg)		 氮肥回收利用率
Nitrogen recovery
rate (%)
矮抗58+北青340 187.5kg/hm2+52 500株/hm2 N0 - - -
Aikang 58+Beiqing 340 N180 11.03a 47.75b 41.14a
N360 4.94b 23.29d 12.37b
112.5kg/hm2+75 000株/hm2 N0 - - -
N180 10.85a 54.60a 41.16a
N360 5.51b 27.38c 17.68b
百农207+登海605 187.5kg/hm2+52 500株/hm2 N0 - - -
Bainong 207+Denghai 605 N180 4.27b 43.12a 29.96a
N360 0.59c 20.02d 10.78b
112.5kg/hm2+75 000株/hm2 N0 - - -
N180 10.25a 52.45a 32.81a
N360 2.44bc 23.54c 15.29b

Table 3

Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on economic benefits of different crops 万元/hm2 ×104 yuan/hm2"

作物
Crop		 种植密度
Planting density		 氮水平
Nitrogen level		 产值
Out value		 肥料成本
Fertilizer cost		 种子成本
Seed cost		 其他生产成本
Other production cost		 经济效益
Economic benefit
小麦Wheat 187.5kg/hm2 N0 2.86 0.20 0.15 0.90 1.61
N180 3.46 0.36 0.15 0.90 2.06
N360 3.48 0.52 0.15 0.90 1.91
112.5kg/hm2 N0 3.03 0.20 0.09 0.90 1.84
N180 3.94 0.36 0.09 0.90 2.59
N360 4.02 0.52 0.09 0.90 2.52
玉米Maize 52 500株/hm2 N0 2.72 0.20 0.138 0.90 1.48
N180 3.06 0.36 0.138 0.90 1.66
N360 2.98 0.52 0.138 0.90 1.42
75 000株/hm2 N0 3.38 0.20 0.196 0.90 2.08
N180 3.85 0.36 0.196 0.90 2.39
N360 3.49 0.52 0.196 0.90 1.87
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