Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 62-70.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.02.009

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Study on High Temperature Stress Threshold of Maize Leaves

Zhang Xuepeng1(), Li Teng1, Wang Biao1, Liu Qing1, Liu Hanyu1, Tao Zhiqiang2(), Sui Peng1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2020-11-11 Revised:2020-12-17 Online:2021-04-15 Published:2021-04-16
  • Contact: Tao Zhiqiang,Sui Peng E-mail:13001297977@163.com;taozhiqiang@caas.cn;suipeng@cau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

The present research aimed to find out the high temperature stress threshold of maize leaves. Using an artificial climate chamber with accurate temperature control, a pot experiment was designed. The daily maximum temperature of 32°C was used as the control, and three different daily maximum temperature treatments (34°C, 36°C, and 38°C) were set. The high temperature stress treatments were lasting ten days at the jointing stage. The response of photosynthetic photoreaction and dark reaction phases of leaves at different temperatures, and the ultrastructure of stomata and chloroplasts of leaves were analyzed. At the photoreaction phase, the maximum light efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ and the actual photochemical efficiency treatment were significantly reduced under the treatment of 38°C, and both indicators returned to normal levels after releasing of the high temperature stress. But the other three treatments showed no significant difference. At the dark reaction phase, the net photosynthetic rates at 36°C and 38°C were significantly lower than that of the control, and the intercellular CO2 concentration increased significantly, and the net photosynthetic rate at 38°C could not return to normal level after releasing of high temperature stress. The results of the transmission electron microscope showed that under the treatment of 36°C and 38°C, the chloroplast structure gradually disordered and degraded, the content of the lipid sphere increased, and the synthesis of starch decreased. Therefore, for the leaf of maize, the threshold of high daily maximum temperature stress was 36°C. In addition, high temperature stress near the threshold mainly restricts the dark reaction stage of photosynthesis.

Key words: Maize, High temperature stress, Threshold, Leaf, Photosynthesis, Chloroplast

Table 1

Temperature of climate room from 8∶00-18∶00 in experiment conducted ℃"

日最高温Daily maximum temperature 8∶00 9∶00 10∶00 11∶00 12∶00 13∶00 14∶00 15∶00 16∶00 17∶00 18∶00
32 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 32 31 30 28
34 29 30 31 32 33 34 34 34 33 32 30
36 31 32 33 34 35 36 36 36 35 34 32
38 33 34 35 36 37 38 38 38 37 36 34

Fig.1

Changes of temperature in climate room under different treatments"

Fig.2

Changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of maize leaf under different temperature treatments P: pre-treatment; 1h: the maximum temperature lasted for 1h on day 1; 1d, 2d, 3d, 6d ,10d: the maximum temperature lasted for 2h on day 1, 3, 6, and 10d, respectively; 17d: 7d after treatment; the significance level of difference is P < 0.05. The same below"

Fig.3

Changes of photosynthetic parameters of maize leaves under different temperature treatments"

Fig.4

Effects of different temperatures on lower epidermal structure and stomata status of maize leaves"

Fig.5

Effects of different temperatures on chloroplast status in mesophyll cell of maize leaves Ch: chloroplast; M: mitochondria; Cn: cell nucleus; Sg: starch grains; P: plastoglobuli; L: lysosome; St: sponge tissue; Pt: palisade tissue; Bs: bundle sheath"

Fig.6

Effects of different temperatures on chloroplast status in mesophyll cell of maize leaves Cw: cell wall; Ch: chloroplast; M: mitochondria; Th: thylakoid lamella; Sg: starch grains; P: plastoglobuli"

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