Crops ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 112-117.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.017

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Regulating Effects of Foliar Spraying Silicon Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation, Grain Yield and Quality of Maize in Cold Region

Liu Tianhao1(), Zhang Yifei1,2(), Wang Huaipeng1, Yang Kejun1,3(), Zhang Jinsong1, Sun Yishan1, Xiao Shanshan1, Xu Rongqiong1, Du Jiarui1, Li Jiayu1, Peng Cheng4, Wang Baosheng5   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    2Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    3Provincial Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for the Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
    4Qixingpao Farm in Heilongjiang Province, Heihe 161435, Heilongjiang, China
    5Heshan Farm in Heilongjiang Province, Heihe 161443, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2020-11-27 Revised:2021-01-20 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-13
  • Contact: Zhang Yifei,Yang Kejun E-mail:liutianhao66666@163.com;byndzyf@163.com;byndykj@163.com

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Abstract:

Due to the simple fertilization method and unbalanced nutrient management for maize production in the western Songnen Plain of China, the improvements of maize grain yield, quality, and production efficiency are restricted. To solve these problems, maize variety ‘Xianyu 335’ was used as material and five levels of silicon fertilizer, 0 (LCK), 4 (LS1), 8 (LS2), 12 (LS3), and 16g/L (LS4), were set up under field conditions to study the effects of foliar spraying silicon fertilizer with different concentrations on the dry matter accumulation and translocation, and grain yield and quality of maize. The results showed that foliar spraying of silicon fertilizer had a promoting effect on the accumulation of plant dry matter. LS3 significantly increased the dry matter translocation of dry matter accumulation prior to anthesis by 267.00kg/ha and had the highest yield in two years (11 485.68 and 12 331.69kg/ha). In addition, with the increase of silicon fertilizer concentration, the contents of crude starch, crude protein, fructose sugar, nitrogen, and potassium of maize grain increased significantly. Compared with LCK, the increase ratios of four silicon fertilizer treatments were 1.88%-2.56%, 5.64%-8.22%, 20.00%-41.18%, 6.56%-8.56%, and 11.57%-38.84%, respectively. Generally, 8 and 12g/L foliar silicon fertilizer could achieve the synergistic improvement of maize grain yield and quality, and could be used as the levels of foliar silicon fertilizer in the semi-arid area of the western Songnen Plain.

Key words: Maize, Foliar spraying silicon fertilizer, Dry matter accumulation, Yield and quality

Table 1

Effects of foliar application of different concentrations of silicon fertilizer on dry matter accumulation and translocation of maize"

处理
Treatment		 DMA (g) TDMP
(kg/hm2)		 TEDMP
(%)		 TPAK
(kg/hm2)		 CPAK
(%)		 HI
V12 VT R2 R6
LCK 72.13a 163.47b 305.91b 345.14b 1122.50b 9.15a 10 759.00a 90.55a 0.46a
LS1 72.51a 171.96ab 310.79b 348.32b 1171.75b 9.09a 10 739.00a 90.15a 0.46a
LS2 73.86a 178.89a 326.72ab 365.81ab 1253.50b 9.37a 10 864.25a 89.67ab 0.44a
LS3 73.09a 183.56a 340.01a 376.48a 1389.50a 10.10a 11 118.00a 88.88b 0.45a
LS4 72.70a 177.63a 325.58ab 366.42ab 1140.75b 8.62a 10 952.25a 90.57a 0.44a

Table 2

Effects of different concentrations of silicon fertilizer on maize yield and yield composition factors"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗数（穗/hm2）
Effective ear number
(ears/hm2)		 百粒重
100-grain
weight (g)		 行粒数
Kernel number
per row		 穗行数
Row number
per ear		 穗粒数
Kernel number
per spike		 产量
Yield
(kg/hm2)
2017 LCK 66 923.07a 27.76c 35.13b 16.10a 565.68a 9 192.21c
LS1 66 667.67a 28.73bc 35.30b 15.67a 552.99a 9 536.30c
LS2 67 692.31a 29.51ab 37.60a 15.60a 586.56a 10 868.97b
LS3 67 820.50a 30.47a 36.85ab 15.53a 572.40a 11 485.68a
LS4 68 076.92a 28.49bc 36.30ab 15.70a 569.65a 10 658.79b
2018 LCK 65 134.62a 29.65b 30.17a 16.33a 492.47a 9 681.84b
LS1 65 334.61a 29.70b 30.47a 15.73a 478.87a 10 819.07ab
LS2 65 516.92a 31.73ab 31.93a 15.50a 495.49a 11 393.68a
LS3 66 030.00a 33.30a 33.00a 15.40a 508.40a 12 331.69a
LS4 67 173.84a 30.93ab 32.07a 15.67a 502.37a 11 206.64ab
显著性 (F值) Significance (F-value)
年份Year (Y) 3.024 62.850** 102.468** 0.000 17.810** 10.460**
施硅浓度Si concentration (SC) 0.435 11.547** 4.129* 0.397 0.267 13.695**
年份×施硅浓度 (Y×SC) 0.057 8.409** 0.455 0.025 0.068 0.434

Fig.1

Effects of different concentrations of silicon fertilizer on grain quality of maize Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level, the same below"

Fig. 2

Effects of different silicon application levels on sugar content in grains"

Table 3

Contents of nutrient elements in maize grain by foliar spraying with different concentrations of silicon fertilizer"

处理
Treatment		 氮
Nitrogen (g/kg)		 磷
Phosphorus (g/kg)		 钾
Potassium (g/kg)		 钙
Calcium (mg/kg)		 镁
Magnesium (mg/kg)		 锌
Zinc (mg/kg)
LCK 12.96c 4.77a 2.42d 78.76a 90.36a 13.62a
LS1 13.86ab 4.74a 2.70cd 78.76a 90.55a 13.62a
LS2 13.81b 4.77a 2.98bc 78.44a 91.04a 14.68a
LS3 14.07a 5.08a 3.17ab 79.08a 88.89a 14.17a
LS4 14.01ab 4.65a 3.36a 80.87a 86.96a 13.34a
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