生育进程相近的谷子杂交种两系亲本的选育及其杂种优势分析

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.06.010

Abstract

Abstract:

When using “two lines” to make hybrids with foxtail millet heterosis, the heading and flowering stages of sterile lines are often earlier than those of restorer lines, and they can meet and cross at flowering stage only in different sowing periods. In this study, the heading and flowering periods of existing sterile lines and herbicide-resistant restorers were improved, three high-quality male sterile lines (Y1A, Y2A and Y3A) and five herbicide resistant Napujing restorers (K17-1, K18-49, K18-54, K18-62 and K18-70) were selected and bred in line with the improved breeding goal of “two lines” of millet. The 15 combinations were made by NCII incomplete diallel crossing with three sterile lines and five restorer lines. Combining ability, transgressive heterosis and superstandard heterosis of parents and cross combinations were analyzed, and their heterosis were predicted. It was concluded that the combining ability of parents were different and had different utilization value in the selection of excellent agronomic characteristics. There were differences in transgressive heterosis and superstandard heterosis among hybrid combinations, but the heterosis was unrelated and irregular. It was predicted that parents have heterosis. The parents of the “two lines” performed well in their respective characteristics, the hybrid combination Y3A×K18-49 had strong heterosis and heterosis breeding could be continued in the coming year. The results provide available parents and good hybrids for simultaneous sowing and hybridization of foxtail millet “two lines” and simplify the process of foxtail millet hybrid seed production.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Sterile lines, Herbicide-resistant restorer line, Combining ability, Heterosis

Li Zhihua, Mu Tingting, Li Aijun. Breeding and Heterosis Analysis of Two Line Parents of Foxtail Millet Hybrids with Similar Growth Process[J].Crops, 2022, 38(6): 75-81.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Average value, transgressive heterosis and superstandard heterosis of each combination"

组合 Combination	株高 Plant height			穗长 Ear length			穗粗 Ear diameter			穗重 Ear weight			穗粒重 Spike grain weight			千粒重 1000-grain weight
组合 Combination	平均 Mean (cm)	TH (%)	SH (%)	平均 Mean (cm)	TH (%)	SH (%)	平均 Mean (cm)	TH (%)	SH (%)	平均 Mean (g)	TH (%)	SH (%)	平均 Mean (g)	TH (%)	SH (%)	平均 Mean (g)	TH (%)	SH (%)
Y1A×K17-1	148.18	-8.40	-3.59	24.27	4.37	-8.15	2.89	-14.95	15.21	35.11	16.68	13.51	26.57	14.49	5.20	2.93	-7.86	-2.98
Y1A×K18-49	154.58	-2.84	0.57	33.92	20.57	28.37	2.59	15.55	3.12	31.87	0.81	3.02	20.26	-14.10	-22.78	3.09	-3.93	2.43
Y1A×K18-54	156.17	-1.94	1.60	26.86	-2.55	1.66	2.65	3.39	5.44	28.30	-2.65	-8.51	20.00	-8.79	-23.77	2.90	-14.05	-4.08
Y1A×K18-62	149.82	-2.72	-2.53	25.94	-3.71	-1.81	2.71	56.45	7.84	38.72	18.67	25.20	26.32	0.04	0.30	2.87	-2.82	-5.08
Y1A×K18-70	147.85	-5.00	-3.81	28.04	-5.87	6.14	2.29	16.58	-8.96	30.00	2.23	-3.02	22.84	1.29	-12.95	3.56	21.09	17.88
Y2A×K17-1	137.12	-15.24	-10.79	25.70	10.54	-2.73	2.77	-18.53	10.36	35.90	19.31	16.07	30.02	29.34	14.41	3.03	-4.82	0.22
Y2A×K18-49	143.18	-10.01	-6.84	31.98	13.67	21.03	2.21	-1.34	-11.95	32.98	4.32	6.61	29.54	25.24	12.59	3.00	-6.83	-0.66
Y2A×K18-54	148.00	-8.18	-3.71	27.71	-1.45	4.88	2.09	56.26	-16.67	34.27	17.87	10.78	22.57	2.93	-13.98	2.76	-2.82	-8.61
Y2A×K18-62	141.42	-7.07	-7.99	26.55	0.54	0.49	2.70	-18.29	7.70	39.85	22.12	28.83	33.23	5.33	26.62	2.87	-18.10	-5.08
Y2A×K18-70	138.50	-11.01	-9.89	26.83	-9.93	1.56	2.20	11.99	-12.55	30.50	3.95	-1.40	28.18	24.94	7.37	2.91	-1.13	-3.75
Y3A×K17-1	131.37	-18.79	-14.53	26.76	15.09	1.28	2.75	-19.26	9.36	26.01	-13.58	-15.92	22.32	-3.83	-14.94	3.06	-3.67	1.43
Y3A×K18-49	141.88	-10.83	-7.69	31.12	10.62	17.78	2.52	12.57	0.46	38.41	21.50	24.17	28.51	20.86	8.65	2.90	-9.94	-3.97
Y3A×K18-54	146.93	-7.74	-4.40	26.30	-4.57	-0.45	2.33	-9.11	-7.30	29.82	2.57	-3.60	25.37	15.70	-3.30	2.78	-17.51	-7.95
Y3A×K18-62	142.05	-7.77	-7.58	28.00	3.93	5.98	2.39	38.34	-4.65	36.63	12.26	18.43	24.45	-7.07	-6.82	2.82	-4.52	-6.73
Y3A×K18-70	137.80	-11.46	-10.34	29.05	-2.48	9.95	2.16	9.95	-14.14	31.75	8.20	2.63	20.16	-10.59	-23.16	3.40	15.65	12.58
长生13 Changsheng 13 (CK)	153.73			26.42			2.51			30.93			25.26			3.02

Table 7

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不育系 Sterile line	播种期（月-日） Seeding stage (month-date)	抽穗期（月-日） Heading stage (month-date)	苗色 Seedling color	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗长 Ear length (cm)	穗粗 Ear diameter (cm)	千粒重 1000- Grain 1001- weight (g)
Y1A	05-20	08-03	绿	118.84	26.40	3.76	3.34
Y2A	05-20	08-01	绿	120.42	26.90	3.54	3.09
Y3A	05-20	08-01	绿	108.44	21.84	3.66	3.07

恢复系 Restorer	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗长 Ear length (cm)	穗粗 Ear diameter (cm)	穗重 Ear weight (g)	穗粒重 Spike grain weight (g)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
K17-1	161.77	23.25	3.40	30.09	23.21	3.18
K18-49	159.11	28.13	2.24	31.61	23.59	3.22
K18-54	159.26	27.56	2.56	29.07	21.93	3.37
K18-62	154.01	26.94	1.73	32.63	26.31	2.95
K18-70	155.63	29.79	1.96	29.34	22.55	2.94

变异来源 Source of variation	株高 Plant height	穗长 Ear length	穗粗 Ear diameter	穗重 Ear weight	穗粒重 Spike grain weight	千粒重 1000-grain weight
区组Block	0.17	0.52	0.47	0.28	0.49	0.03
组合Combination	88.77^**	73.20^**	1.80^**	6.35^**	95.34^**	123.20^**
P1	18.00^**	12.23^**	7.36^**	2.53^**	1.29^**	4.01^**
P2	55.38^**	1.10^**	3.63^**	0.58^**	4.05^**	1.17^**
P1×P2	6.52^**	17.34^**	0.56^**	4.61^**	62.73^**	65.36^**

不育系（恢复系） Sterile line (restorer)	株高 Plant height	穗长 Ear length	穗粗 Ear diameter	穗重 Ear weight	穗粒重 Spike grain weight	千粒重 1000-grain weight
Y1A	4.83	-1.35	5.71	-1.62	-8.50	2.62
Y2A	-1.84	-0.60	-3.55	4.07	13.21	-2.64
Y3A	-2.99	1.96	-2.16	-2.45	-4.71	0.03
K17-1	-3.20	-6.66	12.90	-3.00	3.74	0.52
K18-49	0.95	12.77	-1.69	3.23	2.95	0.22
K18-54	4.73	-3.23	-5.12	-7.64	-10.68	-5.98
K18-62	-0.27	-2.34	4.80	15.18	10.42	-4.72
K18-70	-2.22	-0.55	-10.89	-7.78	-6.43	9.96

组合 Combination	株高 Plant height	穗长 Ear length	穗粗 Ear diameter	穗重 Ear weight	穗粒重 Spike grain weight	千粒重 1000-grain weight
Y1A×K17-1	1.09	-3.47	-2.10	9.94	9.57	-5.18
Y1A×K18-49	1.01	3.87	0.27	-6.02	-14.53	0.58
Y1A×K18-54	-0.86	2.32	6.04	-5.86	-1.94	0.21
Y1A×K18-62	-0.73	-3.57	-1.45	2.59	1.88	-2.06
Y1A×K18-70	-0.51	0.84	-2.75	-0.64	5.02	6.45
Y2A×K17-1	0.38	1.73	2.25	6.61	1.44	3.31
Y2A×K18-49	-0.13	-0.98	-5.72	-8.40	0.33	2.72
Y2A×K18-54	0.73	2.05	-7.06	6.34	-13.51	0.90
Y2A×K18-62	-1.22	0.27	7.66	0.26	7.40	3.20
Y2A×K18-70	0.24	-3.07	2.87	-4.81	4.33	-10.13
Y3A×K17-1	-1.47	1.73	-0.14	-16.55	-11.01	1.86
Y3A×K18-49	-0.89	-2.89	5.45	14.42	14.19	-3.30
Y3A×K18-54	0.13	-4.37	1.02	-0.47	15.45	-1.11
Y3A×K18-62	1.96	3.30	-6.21	-2.85	-9.29	-1.14
Y3A×K18-70	0.27	2.23	-0.12	5.45	-9.35	3.69

Breeding and Heterosis Analysis of Two Line Parents of Foxtail Millet Hybrids with Similar Growth Process

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