Crops ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 90-98.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.013

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Dynamic Changes of Seedling Traits among Maize Hybrids and Their Parents in Response to Low Nitrogen Stress

Xu Shiying(), Wang Ning, Cheng Hao, Feng Wanjun()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University/Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2021-09-05 Revised:2022-03-01 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22
  • Contact: Feng Wanjun E-mail:605824435@qq.com;fengwj123-123@163.com

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Abstract:

Maize hybrid Xianyu 335 and its parental inbred lines (PH6WC, PH4CV), and Yuyu 22 and its parental inbred lines (Zong 3, 87-1) were selected as experimental materials. Two nitrogen level treatments were carried out by hydroponics, including low nitrogen (0.04mmol/L, LN) and normal nitrogen (2mmol/L, CK) levels. After three, seven and fourteen days of culture, the biomass accumulation, leaf and root phenotype, leaf chlorophyll content and nitrogen content were analyzed in order to explore the dynamic changes of seedling traits among maize hybrids and their parents under low nitrogen stress. The results showed that the response of root to low nitrogen was earlier than that of shoot, and the response of hybrids to low nitrogen was faster than those of their parents. Under CK and LN treatments, most traits of hybrid seedlings showed heterosis. The heterosis of the root tip number and nitrogen accumulation in roots of Yuyu 22, and total root length, root surface area and root tip number of Xianyu 335 were significantly increased at three time points compared with control. Based on the low nitrogen tolerance index analysis, it was found that the low nitrogen tolerance of the hybrid was between or close to one of the two parents.

Key words: Maize, Seedling traits, Heterosis, Low nitrogen stress

Fig.1

Dynamic morphology changes on leaves (a) and roots (b) of seedlings among maize hybrids and their parents under two nitrogen levels"

Table 1

The variance analysis of the seedling traits among maize hybrids and their parental lines at different days after two nitrogen treatments"

性状
Trait		 F值F-value
FT FN FG FT×FN FT×FG FN×FG FT×FN×FG
第1叶叶面积
Leaf area of the first leaf (LA1, cm2)		 44.42** 58.85** 156.51** 33.06** 28.35** 18.18** 8.74**
第2叶叶面积
Leaf area of the second leaf (LA2, cm2)		 14.62** 67.99** 253.24** 29.21** 17.34** 10.71** 8.29**
第1叶SPAD值
SPAD value of the first leaf (SPAD1)		 2038.76** 3138.03** 154.21** 1514.78** 7.93** 19.70** 12.63**
第2叶SPAD值
SPAD value of the second leaf (SPAD2)		 478.90** 1723.28** 119.60** 831.86** 38.53** 36.32** 19.48**
总根长Total root length (TRL, cm) 743.42** 10.90** 421.19** 16.28** 45.17** 12.05** 2.14*
根表面积Root surface area (RSA, cm²) 503.00** 2.36ns 291.96** 14.88** 35.22** 5.15** 2.26*
根平均直径
Root average diameter (RAD, mm)		 73.38** 7.13** 60.68** 1.42ns 9.29** 6.79** 0.79ns
根体积Root volume (RV, cm³) 293.09** 1.49ns 167.41** 13.08** 29.25** 8.38** 5.41**
根尖数Root tips number (RTN) 369.20** 135.73** 249.27** 75.93** 38.73** 26.49** 9.29**
地上部干重Shoot dry weight (SDW, g) 1494.48** 400.32** 474.73** 280.02** 90.10** 45.84** 37.92**
根干重Root dry weight (RDW, g) 1005.89** 67.86** 579.53** 14.15** 84.29** 11.90** 7.74**
根冠比Root to shoot ratio (R/S) 74.08** 488.04** 45.00** 153.19** 7.89** 8.46** 10.55**
地上部氮积累量
Shoot nitrogen accumulation (SNA, mg)		 3635.57** 3082.75** 652.51** 1621.36** 268.58** 219.10* 144.24**
根系氮积累量
Root nitrogen accumulation (RNA, mg)		 699.37** 1216.75** 1120.20** 426.29** 169.36** 96.93** 92.88**
单株氮积累量
Total nitrogen accumulation per plant (TNA, mg)		 4184.98** 3673.90** 866.98** 1889.13** 308.23** 248.11** 171.91**
地上部氮积累量占比SNA/TNA (%) 918.69** 89.92** 22.03** 70.82** 124.33** 228.96** 38.91**
根系氮积累量占比RNA/TNA (%) 918.69** 89.92** 22.03** 70.82** 124.33** 228.96** 38.91**

Fig.2

Cluster of the mid-parent (a) and better-parent (b) heterosis of all traits of maize seedlings at different days after two nitrogen level treatments"

Table 2

Low nitrogen tolerance indexes of seedling among maize hybrid and their parents at different days after cultivation"

处理时间
Treatment
time (d)		 基因型
Genotype		 指标Index
LA1 LA2 SPAD1 SPAD2 TRL RSA RAD RV RTN SDW RDW R/S SNA RNA TNA SNA/TNA RNA/TNA AVG SD CV(%)
3 PH6WC 1.10 0.93 1.00 1.00 0.73 0.88 1.16 1.06 0.68 0.87 1.13 1.21 0.44 1.24 0.56 0.78 2.21 1.00 0.39 38.7
XY335 1.05 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.86 1.01 1.12 1.05 0.83 0.94 1.18 1.32 0.77 0.97 0.79 0.97 1.22 1.00 0.15 15.1
PH4CV 1.05 1.08 0.89 0.86 0.89 0.89 1.02 0.89 0.75 0.99 1.02 1.00 1.12 0.90 1.08 1.04 0.83 0.96 0.10 10.8
Z3 0.83 0.86 0.93 0.89 1.02 1.05 0.92 1.02 0.59 0.79 0.93 0.80 0.91 0.48 0.76 1.19 0.63 0.86 0.18 20.6
YY22 1.04 0.97 1.01 1.01 1.04 0.77 0.91 0.52 1.37 0.99 1.05 1.07 1.17 1.27 1.20 0.98 1.06 1.03 0.19 18.5
87-1 0.98 0.94 1.01 1.01 1.41 1.21 1.00 1.65 1.13 1.12 0.83 0.74 1.10 0.73 1.01 1.10 0.72 1.04 0.24 22.9
AVG 1.01 0.96 0.97 0.95 0.99 0.97 1.02 1.03 0.89 0.95 1.02 1.02 0.92 0.93 0.90 1.01 1.11 0.98 0.06 6.0
SD 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.23 0.16 0.10 0.36 0.30 0.11 0.13 0.23 0.28 0.30 0.24 0.14 0.58
CV(%) 9.30 7.50 5.20 7.00 23.60 16.00 10.00 35.40 33.50 12.00 12.70 22.20 30.30 32.40 26.40 13.90 52.00
7 PH6WC 0.94 0.96 0.77 0.79 0.69 0.80 1.16 0.88 0.64 0.66 0.84 1.66 0.36 0.64 0.39 0.92 1.64 0.87 0.35 40.9
XY335 1.02 0.98 0.66 0.77 1.05 1.25 1.22 1.90 0.78 0.87 1.25 1.56 0.39 0.88 0.44 0.89 2.01 1.05 0.45 42.5
PH4CV 0.98 0.99 0.71 0.74 1.11 1.12 1.06 1.19 0.70 0.82 1.54 1.78 0.52 1.07 0.57 0.90 1.87 1.04 0.39 37.3
Z3 0.91 0.91 0.82 0.95 1.44 1.47 1.02 1.40 0.67 0.84 1.02 1.06 0.82 0.22 0.62 1.32 0.36 0.93 0.35 37.8
YY22 0.86 0.88 0.72 0.79 1.07 0.99 0.97 0.98 1.23 1.08 1.18 1.09 0.67 0.67 0.67 1.00 1.01 0.93 0.18 19.2
87-1 0.86 1.07 0.98 0.92 1.97 1.60 0.99 1.68 1.42 1.05 1.32 2.10 0.90 0.81 0.89 1.02 0.92 1.21 0.41 33.6
AVG 0.93 0.97 0.78 0.83 1.22 1.21 1.07 1.34 0.91 0.89 1.19 1.54 0.61 0.72 0.60 1.01 1.30 1.01 0.27 26.3
SD 0.06 0.07 0.12 0.09 0.44 0.30 0.10 0.40 0.33 0.16 0.24 0.40 0.22 0.29 0.18 0.16 0.64
CV(%) 7.00 6.90 14.90 10.40 35.80 24.80 9.30 29.80 36.70 17.50 20.30 26.20 36.70 40.30 30.00 16.30 49.50
14 PH6WC 0.56 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.70 1.20 0.88 0.32 0.47 1.01 2.58 0.23 0.58 0.26 0.89 2.28 0.75 0.72 94.9
XY335 1.21 0.23 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 0.53 0.40 1.07 2.57 0.17 0.61 0.21 0.83 2.98 0.88 0.82 94.0
PH4CV 1.15 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.94 1.13 1.13 1.37 0.79 0.57 1.17 2.41 0.27 0.88 0.32 0.85 2.77 0.99 0.73 74.3
Z3 0.44 0.72 0.00 0.46 0.74 0.64 0.98 0.65 0.48 0.46 0.82 2.08 0.31 0.24 0.31 1.01 0.78 0.65 0.45 69.5
YY22 0.52 0.89 0.00 0.34 0.97 0.90 0.98 0.99 0.96 0.60 1.29 2.06 0.27 0.32 0.27 0.99 1.17 0.80 0.49 62.1
87-1 0.65 1.04 0.00 0.43 0.89 0.83 0.96 0.82 0.52 0.97 1.65 1.70 0.59 0.43 0.58 1.02 0.75 0.81 0.42 51.5
AVG 0.75 0.70 0.00 0.21 0.85 0.87 1.05 0.96 0.60 0.58 1.17 2.23 0.31 0.51 0.32 0.93 1.79 0.81 0.55 68.1
SD 0.34 0.36 0.00 0.23 0.16 0.18 0.10 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.28 0.35 0.15 0.23 0.13 0.09 1.01
CV 44.7 50.9 0.00 111.10 19.00 21.2 9.3 25.5 38.7 35.7 24.3 15.6 47.8 45.3 40.3 9.1 56.5
总体
Total		 AVG 0.90 0.87 0.58 0.66 1.02 1.01 1.05 1.11 0.80 0.80 1.13 1.60 0.61 0.72 0.61 0.98 1.40
SD 0.22 0.24 0.44 0.36 0.32 0.26 0.10 0.36 0.31 0.23 0.23 0.60 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.13 0.78
CV(%) 24.70 27.20 75.00 54.80 31.70 25.20 9.10 32.70 39.00 28.10 20.20 37.40 54.30 43.50 49.20 13.30 55.60

Table 3

Correlative analysis of low nitrogen tolerance indexes of the different traits"

指标Index LA1 LA2 SPAD1 SPAD2 TRL RSA RAD RV RTN SDW RDW R/S SNA RNA TNA SNA/TNA RNA/TNA
LA1
LA2 0.30
SPAD1 0.30 0.26
SPAD2 0.20 0.21 0.96**
TRL 0.02 0.18 0.32 0.35
RSA 0.26 0.31 0.24 0.22 0.77**
RAD 0.40 0.09 -0.15 -0.20 -0.35 0.13
RV 0.36 0.24 0.22 0.19 0.60** 0.92** 0.40
RTN 0.25 0.43* 0.54* 0.48* 0.57* 0.44* -0.21 0.36
SDW 0.10 0.53* 0.70** 0.70** 0.48* 0.29 -0.30 0.18 0.67**
RDW 0.07 0.49* -0.19 -0.22 0.28 0.32 -0.02 0.27 0.34 0.23
R/S -0.12 -0.12 -0.72** -0.79** -0.30 -0.17 0.30 -0.06 -0.29 -0.64** 0.29
SNA 0.07 0.43* 0.81** 0.82** 0.47* 0.25 -0.48* 0.05 0.49* 0.81** -0.08 -0.81**
RNA 0.70** 0.52* 0.53* 0.39 0.04 0.09 0.27 0.19 0.51* 0.42 0.26 -0.18 0.32
TNA 0.16 0.52* 0.82** 0.81** 0.45* 0.26 -0.42 0.08 0.58** 0.86** 0.01 -0.75** 0.98** 0.43*
SNA/TNA -0.49* 0.11 0.31 0.42 0.43* 0.21 -0.63** -0.05 0.12 0.45* -0.23 -0.58** 0.68** -0.43* 0.60**
RNA/TNA 0.50* -0.08 -0.35 -0.50 -0.38 -0.13 0.66** 0.10 -0.07 -0.46* 0.24 0.64** -0.69** 0.42 -0.60** -0.97**
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