Crops ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 17-25.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.06.003

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Impacts Mechanism of Drought and Heat Stress in the Middle and Late Growing Period on Wheat Grain Yield Formation Process and Mitigation Measures

Liu Xiwei(), Wang Demei, Wang Yanjie, Yang Yushuang, Zhao Guangcai(), Chang Xuhong()   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2022-06-29 Revised:2022-09-01 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2023-12-15

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Abstract:

The wheat development impacted by drought and heat more frequently in the complex climatic conditions, thus yield was decreased. Wheat yield is determined by the kernel number per spike and kernel weight for a given spike number. The differentiation of ability of female spike, the number of spikelet floret primordium, the anther and pollen activity decrease, and the development of embryo and endosperm were inhibited in drought and heat stress, resulted in decreases of the number of spikelet differentiation, the fertile florets, fertilization florets, and grain abortion, and the grain number per spike was reduced. After the grain number per spike was established, the drought and heat stress reduce the rate of endosperm cells differentiation and growth. The number of endosperm cells and storage capacity decrease. Meanwhile, the grain filling characteristics are changed, and the grain weight decrease. Thus, the effects of drought and high temperature on wheat yield formation involves a series of complex processes such as spikelet differentiation, floret development, floret fertilization, grain building and grain filling. This paper introduce the physiological mechanism of wheat yield reduction from the stage of grain number formation and the process of grain weight accumulation in wheat production. The mitigation measures taken in wheat production to deal with drought and high temperature are summarized. Clarifying the key stage affecting the formation of ear grain number and the key metabolic pathway of grain weight accumulation can provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation techniques of the stress-resistant wheat varieties.

Key words: Wheat, Drought, Heat, Combined stress, Yield

Fig.1

The process of wheat yield formation S: sowing; DR: double ridge; TS: terminal spikelet; AN: anthesis period; FC: fertilization completed; MPG: most of the grain; M: maturity stage"

Fig.2

The process of starch synthesis from sucrose in wheat kernel"

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