Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 148-157.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.02.018

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Effects of Water Deficit in Soybean Seedling Stage on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Diversity

Li Duo1(), Wang Chen1, Zhang Mingcong2, Cao Liang1, Jin Xijun1, Zhang Yuxian1, Wang Mengxue1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163000, Heilongjiang, China
    2Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing 163000, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2022-09-27 Revised:2023-11-02 Online:2024-04-15 Published:2024-04-15

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Abstract:

In order to study the effects of different degrees of water deficit on soil enzyme activities and soil microbial diversity of soybean, a pot experiment was conducted with drought sensitive soybean Suinong 26. At seedling stage, soil water content was set at 70% (normal water supply, CK), 60% (mild water deficit, T1), 50% (moderate water deficit, T2) and 40% (severe water deficit, T3) of field capacity treatments, the soil enzyme activity was determined, and the high-throughput sequencing technique was used to study the community composition and diversity of soil microorganisms. The results showed that soil urease activity in T1 treatment was the highest in all growth stages except mature stage. Compared with CK, soil sucrase activity in different water deficit treatments decreased by 13.89% to 21.94%. After rehydration, soil catalase activity was the highest with T2 treatment, while soil phosphatase activity reached the highest with T1 treatment. Water deficit could lead to changes in the number of soil microorganisms, increase in richness, and there was a certain correlation with enzyme activities. The yield per plant of soybean reached the maximum with T1 treatment, which was significantly higher than that of CK by 9.55%. To sum up, moderate water deficit could promote soil enzyme activity to a certain extent, and further affected soil microenvironment, so as to achieve the purpose of saving water and increasing production.

Key words: Soybean, Water deficit, Soil enzymes, Soil microorganisms

Fig.1

Effects of different degrees of water deficiency at seedling stage on urease activities Different letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 level, the same below."

Fig.2

Effects of different degrees of water deficiency at seedling stage on sucrase activities"

Fig.3

Effects of different degrees of water deficiency at seedling stage on catalase activities"

Fig.4

Effects of different degrees of water deficiency at seedling stage on phosphatase activities"

Fig.5

Venn diagram of soil bacteria with different degrees of water deficit and rehydration treatment at seedling stage (a): Water deficit treatment, (b) After rehydration."

Fig.6

Venn diagram of soil fungi with different degrees of water deficit and rehydration treatments at seedling stage (a): Water deficit, (b) After rehydration."

Table 1

Alpha diversity index of soil bacteria with different degrees of water deficit and rehydration treatment at seedling stage"

时期
Stage		 处理
Treatment		 Chao1指数
Chao1 index		 ACE指数
ACE index		 Simpson指数
Simpson index		 Shannon指数
Shannon index		 覆盖率
Coverage (%)
控水后
After water deficit
 CK 2132.48±21.47b 2102.97±32.01b 0.9973±0.0003a 9.65±0.06a 99.71
T1 2149.28±28.03b 2108.51±24.70b 0.9971±0.0001a 9.58±0.01a 99.68
T2 2172.92±33.32b 2149.11±45.74b 0.9971±0.0003a 9.64±0.17a 99.70
T3 2257.39±28.20a 2240.09±31.32a 0.9972±0.0004a 9.72±0.17a 99.71
复水后
After rehydration
 CK 2255.41±66.58a 2252.51±53.45a 0.9969±0.0003b 9.61±0.04a 99.65
T1 2186.41±108.55a 2166.79±110.05a 0.9971±0.0003ab 9.67±0.03a 99.67
T2 2284.27±45.35a 2264.62±58.90a 0.9975±0.0003a 9.80±0.19a 99.74
T3 2295.40±15.72a 2282.64±21.95a 0.9973±0.0002ab 9.69±0.07a 99.74

Table 2

Alpha diversity indexes of soil fungi with different degrees of water deficit and rehydration treatments at seedling stage"

时期
Stage		 处理
Treatment		 Chao1指数
Chao1 index		 ACE指数
ACE index		 Simpson指数
Simpson index		 Shannon指数
Shannon index		 覆盖率
Coverage (%)
控水后
After water deficit
 CK 591.47±20.69c 599.23±24.48c 0.9710±0.0291a 6.80±0.36a 99.91
T1 788.53±16.93a 823.62±46.77a 0.9696±0.0206a 6.96±0.21a 99.85
T2 694.36±29.35b 704.69±24.29b 0.9563±0.0396a 6.80±0.33a 99.89
T3 637.46±33.89c 638.80±32.29c 0.9686±0.0159a 6.51±0.27a 99.87
复水后
After rehydration
 CK 543.33±24.50c 594.31±29.67c 0.9211±0.0412b 5.82±0.30c 99.89
T1 757.29±23.45a 872.20±29.58ab 0.9339±0.0419ab 6.75±0.34b 99.85
T2 675.13±34.01b 894.08±11.97a 0.9608±0.0230ab 6.41±0.26b 99.84
T3 732.85±37.43a 827.30±49.88b 0.9854±0.0068a 7.45±0.31a 99.86

Fig.7

Community structure and relative abundance of soil bacteria at phylum classification level in different degrees of water deficit (a) and rehydration treatments (b) at seedling stage The length of the color block indicates the relative content of the species, the figure only indicates the top ten major phyla with abundance greater than 0.1%, the same below."

Fig.8

Community structure and relative abundance of soil fungi at phylum classification level in different degrees of water deficit (a) and rehydration treatments (b) at seedling stage"

Table 3

Correlations between soil enzyme activities and Alpha diversity indexes of soil microorganisms with different degrees of water deficit and rehydration treatments"

分类
Classify		 多样性指数
Diversity index		 脲酶活性
Urease activity		 蔗糖酶活性
Sucrase activity		 过氧化氢酶活性
Catalase activity		 磷酸酶活性
Phosphatase activity
细菌Bacteria Chao1 -0.431* -0.207 0.359 -0.116
ACE -0.444* -0.229 0.314 -0.094
Simpson -0.167 0.126 0.420* -0.024
Shannon -0.192 -0.080 0.471* 0.027
真菌Fungi Chao1 0.537** -0.217 0.091 -0.034
ACE 0.520** -0.077 0.267 0.290
Simpson -0.148 0.166 0.094 -0.332
Shannon -0.015 0.072 -0.161 -0.204

Table 4

Effects of different degrees of water deficiency on soybean yield and its components"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 茎粗
Stem diameter
(mm)		 节数
Pitch
number		 单株荚数
Number of pods
per plant		 单株荚重
Pod weight
per plant (g)		 单株粒数
Grains per
plant		 单株产量
Yield per
plant (g)
CK 82.37±1.46a 9.10±0.20a 16.67±0.87ab 32.22±1.20a 8.71±0.14a 67.89±2.93b 13.40±0.20b
T1 79.16±0.98b 7.97±0.07b 17.11±0.93a 33.44±2.07a 7.24±0.17b 71.33±3.28a 14.68±0.20a
T2 75.95±0.98c 7.75±0.04c 16.00±1.12ab 28.67±1.22b 6.76±0.18c 65.89±2.32bc 12.84±0.17c
T3 72.74±0.98d 7.54±0.07d 15.78±0.97b 27.78±1.79b 5.90±0.16d 64.33±2.65c 12.75±0.30c
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