Crops ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 138-143.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.04.017

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Study on the Effects of Different Treatments on Mechanical Harvest Broken Rate of Maize Grains

Yang Ke(), Jiang Chunxia, Zhang Wei, Liu Enke, Zhai Guangqian, Zhang Dongmei()   

  1. Shanxi Institute of Organic Dryland Farming, Shanxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation) / Shanxi Key Laboratoryof Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2023-11-09 Revised:2024-02-28 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-14

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Abstract:

In order to study the effects of different treatments on the main grain broken rate, analyze the relationship between the grain broken rate of laboratory and actual machine harvest, and explore a convenient way to test the broken rate, the experimental settings including varieties, nitrogen application rate, sowing date and harvest period, and the broken rate under different pore size sieves of indoor ground grains were studied respectively, and the curve of the broken rate in mechanical harvesting process was simulated. The results showed that there were obvious differences of grain broken rate between different varieties, nitrogen application rates, sowing dates and harvest dates, and the selection of grain type keratin, 25% reduction in nitrogen and appropriate postponement of harvest date could improve the broken resistance of grains. The moisture content and the broken rate at the time of mechanical harvesting had a quadratic relationship, when the moisture content was 21.95%, the lowest broken rate was 4.32%, and the moisture content and the broken rate calculated by the sieve with a grinding pore size of 2.36 mm in the laboratory had a quadratic relationship, the regression curve equation analysis showed similar result. The broken rate (2.36 mm) can be tested by indoor grinding, which mimics the broken rate of actual mechanical harvesting, thus providing a more flexible and convenient way for selecting suitable varieties for harvesting to test the grain broken rate.

Key words: Maize, Grain harvesting, Resistance to breakage, Broken rate

Table 1

Experimental maize cultivars"

试验地点
Test region		 个数
Number		 品种
Cultivar
东阳基地
Dongyang base


 14



 华美1号、广德5号、瑞普909、京农科728、大丰30、迪卡517、金科玉3306、DF607、郑单958、东单913、粒收1号、中地88、华农887、DF617
定襄神山乡
Shenshan, Dingxiang		 4
 金科玉3306、迪卡517、中地88、DF607

Table 2

Effects of different varieties on grain broken rates of maize %"

品种
Cultivar		 破碎率Broken rate 均值
Mean		 籽粒类型
Grain type
1.00 mm 2.00 mm 2.36 mm
华美1号Huamei 1 35.6aA 57.7aA 76.1aA 56.5 马齿型、粉质
广德5号Guangde 5 28.9bB 47.3bcBC 66.5bcBC 47.4 马齿型、粉质
瑞普909 Ruipu 909 28.4bcBC 49.7bB 69.4bAB 49.2 半马齿型、偏粉质
京农科728 Jingnongke 728 28.1bcdBC 44.1cdCD 61.5cdC 44.6 半马齿型、偏粉质
大丰30 Dafeng 30 27.7bcdBC 44.9cdBCD 63.6cdBC 45.4 半马齿型、偏粉质
迪卡517 Dika 517 27.6bcdBC 44.6cdCD 64.1bcdBC 45.4 半马齿型、半粉质半角质
金科玉3306 Jinkeyu 3306 27.4bcdBC 43.7cdCD 60.9cdC 44.0 半马齿型、半粉质半角质
DF617 27.3bcdBC 43.7cdCD 62.1cdC 44.4 半马齿型、半粉质半角质
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 26.8bcdBC 43.6cdCD 62.1cdC 44.2 半马齿型、半粉质半角质
东单913 Dongdan 913 26.7bcdBC 43.2cdCD 62.8cdBC 44.2 半马齿型、半粉质半角质
粒收1号Lishou 1 26.6bcdBC 44.0cdCD 61.7cdC 44.1 半马齿型、半粉质半角质
中地88 Zhongdi 88 26.1cdBC 44.5cdCD 64.6bcdBC 45.1 半马齿型、半粉质半角质
华农887 Huanong 887 25.9cdC 42.5dCD 61.7cdC 43.4 半马齿型、半粉质半角质
DF607 25.8dC 42.1dD 59.9dC 42.6 半马齿型、偏角质
均值Mean 27.8 45.4 64.1 45.8

Table 3

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on grain broken rates of maize %"

施氮处理
Nitrogen application treatment		 破碎率Broken rate 均值
Mean
1.00 mm 2.00 mm 2.36 mm
N0 31.2aA 52.6aA 74.0aA 52.6
N1 28.8bB 45.4bB 64.3bB 45.8
N2 28.3bcB 44.8bB 63.4bB 45.5
N3 28.2cB 44.7bB 63.3bB 45.4

Table 4

Effects of different sowing dates on grain broken rates of maize %"

播期（月-日）
Sowing date (month-day)		 破碎率Broken rate 均值
Mean
1.00 mm 2.00 mm 2.36 mm
04-16 28.2bA 44.4bA 66.4aA 46.6
04-23 27.9bcA 43.3cA 62.2bcA 44.5
04-30 29.4aA 45.6aA 64.8bA 46.6
05-07 27.9cA 43.5bcA 61.6cA 44.3
05-14 28.7bA 44.8bA 65.3bA 46.3

Fig.1

Relationship between different harvest dates and broken rates"

Fig.2

Relationship between grain moisture content and actual broken rate of machine harvest"

Fig.3

Relationship between grain moisture content and broken rate of indoor grinding"

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