Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 141-148.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.020

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Impacts of the Residual Effects of the Combined Application of Compound Fertilizers and Microbial Inoculant on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Quality of Foxtail Millet

Ma Yingchen(), Wang Jiatong, Feng Yanfei, Ma Haoxiong, Ren Xuejun, Guo Zhenqing, Li Yun, Han Yucui(), Lin Xiaohu()   

  1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology / Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
  • Received:2024-02-09 Revised:2024-05-10 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16

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Abstract:

To elucidate the primary cultivation techniques for reducing fertilizer usage while enhancing efficacy in foxtail millet following winter wheat in the eastern Hebei, the influence of the residual effects of applying compound fertilizers combined with microbial inoculants during the preceding winter wheat cultivation on soil fertility, soil enzyme activity, foxtail millet nutritional quality, and yield. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation of the 12 treatment combinations was conducted through membership function analysis. The results demonstrated that the application of compound fertilizer and microbial inoculant during the preceding winter wheat season could enhance the yield and nutritional quality of foxtail millet while modulating soil physicochemical properties. The evaluation using the membership function model ranked A1M4 sixth, with the top five treatments of A3M4, A2M4, A3M2, A3M3, and A2M3. Notably, the levels of compound fertilizers used in A3M2, A3M3, and A2M3 were lower than the conventional fertilization levels, and the yield of A3M2, A3M3, and A2M3 were respectively 3.70%, 10.05%, and 7.33% higher than that of A1M4, with A3M3 and A2M3 showed significant higher than that of A1M4. Additionally, A3M2, A3M3, and A2M3 outperformed A1M4 in terms of foxtail millet nutritional quality, soil nutrients, and soil enzyme activity. Considering yield and quality of foxtail millet, and physicochemical properties of the soil, the fertilizer combinations A3M2, A3M3, and A2M3 are recommended as rational fertilizer application methods to reduce fertilizer usage and enhance efficacy for foxtail millet following winter wheat in eastern Hebei.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Microbial inoculant, Compound fertilizer, Quality, Yield, Soil fertility

Table 1

Experimental fertilization design kg/hm2"

处理
Treatment		 施肥水平Fertilization level
微生物菌剂
Microbial inoculant		 复合肥
Compound fertilizer
A1M1 0 0
A1M2 0 225
A1M3 0 450
A1M4 0 675
A2M1 150 0
A2M2 150 225
A2M3 150 450
A2M4 150 675
A3M1 300 0
A3M2 300 225
A3M3 300 450
A3M4 300 675

Table 2

Soil nutrients in the 0-20 cm layer before seeding of post-foxtail millet under different fertilization levels after harvest of previous winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 有机质
Organic matter
(g/kg)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g/kg)		 碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolyzed
nitrogen (mg/kg)		 全磷
Total phosphorus
(g/kg)		 速效磷
Rapidly available
potassium (mg/kg)
A1M1 16.25±0.13g 2.05±0.08g 71.31±1.06g 1.76±0.19d 18.39±0.65f
A1M2 18.96±0.39f 2.03±0.16f 80.36±2.91f 2.16±0.05c 20.87±0.39e
A1M3 19.79±0.13cd 2.15±0.02ef 88.27±2.48d 2.22±0.06c 21.81±0.49de
A1M4 19.87±0.06cd 2.15±0.02ef 86.48±2.55de 2.40±0.10b 23.68±0.05c
A2M1 19.19±0.50ef 2.21±0.15de 99.49±2.40bc 2.39±0.06b 22.30±0.26d
A2M2 19.59±0.39de 2.24±0.07cde 89.89±4.60d 2.40±0.11b 22.23±1.20c
A2M3 19.93±0.04cd 2.31±0.02bcd 99.71±2.01bc 2.55±0.07ab 23.58±0.04d
A2M4 20.15±0.40c 2.34±0.02bcd 103.93±4.37bc 2.61±0.03a 23.91±1.14bc
A3M1 19.83±0.13cd 2.37±0.02bc 96.95±8.05c 2.52±0.10ab 25.13±0.55a
A3M2 21.65±0.42b 2.44±0.10ab 100.17±7.16bc 2.54±0.08ab 25.08±0.44ab
A3M3 22.66±0.23a 2.52±0.08a 106.29±1.42ab 2.54±0.02ab 25.04±0.96ab
A3M4 23.05±0.24a 2.55±0.02a 111.61±1.82a 2.56±0.13ab 25.58±0.55a

Table 3

Changes of soil nutrient content after harvest of foxtail millet under the combined application of compound fertilizer and microbial inoculants"

处理
Treatment		 有机质
Organic matter
(g/kg)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g/kg)		 碱解氮
Alkali-hydrolyzed
nitrogen (mg/kg)		 全磷
Total phosphorus
(g/kg)		 速效磷
Rapidly available
potassium (mg/kg)
A1M1 0.18±0.69a -0.06±0.03ab -0.02±1.33a -0.03±0.07ab -0.76±0.45abc
A1M2 -0.17±0.42ab 0.05±0.16a 0.00±0.00a -0.06±0.10ab 0.03±0.36ab
A1M3 -0.62±0.56ab -0.03±0.03ab 0.00±0.00a 0.25±0.58a -0.68±0.59abc
A1M4 -0.58±0.53ab -0.11±0.10ab 0.00±0.00a -0.05±0.04ab -1.07±0.05abc
A2M1 -0.28±0.18ab -0.30±0.01b -0.67±1.15a -0.02±0.10ab -0.69±0.11abc
A2M2 -0.19±0.24ab -0.03±0.01ab 0.00±0.00a -0.11±0.01b -0.76±0.16abc
A2M3 -0.47±0.16ab -0.33±0.02ab 0.00±0.00a -0.14±0.04b 0.78±1.56abc
A2M4 -0.10±0.09ab -0.07±0.03ab 0.00±0.00a -0.03±0.02ab -0.83±1.08abc
A3M1 -0.21±0.27ab -0.09±0.02ab 0.00±0.00a -0.26±0.06b -1.25±1.52bc
A3M2 -0.85±0.33b -0.17±0.15b 0.00±0.00a -0.12±0.07b -2.12±0.46c
A3M3 -0.65±0.72ab -0.63±0.02ab -0.33±0.58a -0.11±0.04b -2.59±2.10c
A3M4 -0.72±0.64b -0.63±0.03ab 0.00±0.00a -0.15±0.06ab -1.77±0.62bc

Table 4

Soil enzyme activity afterharvest of foxtail millet mg/kg"

处理
Treatment		 脲酶
Urease		 过氧化氢酶
Catalase		 焦糖酶
Caramel enzyme
A1M1 1.83±0.05e 3.20±0.09e 7.44±0.05a
A1M2 1.87±0.03e 3.41±0.02d 7.46±0.04a
A1M3 1.92±0.04de 3.43±0.01d 7.47±0.07a
A1M4 1.95±0.11d 3.44±0.03cd 7.46±0.06a
A2M1 2.06±0.03c 3.42±0.02d 7.45±0.02a
A2M2 2.08±0.04c 3.45±0.02cd 7.49±0.01a
A2M3 2.14±0.04bc 3.43±0.01d 7.47±0.04a
A2M4 2.35±0.05b 3.47±0.04c 7.48±0.03a
A3M1 2.43±0.04a 3.50±0.02ab 7.44±0.01a
A3M2 2.35±0.02b 3.49±0.03b 7.49±0.05a
A3M3 2.31±0.04ab 3.50±0.02ab 7.49±0.02a
A3M4 2.32±0.03ab 3.55±0.04a 7.48±0.04a

Table 5

Effects of compound fertilizer combined with microbial inoculant on nutritional quality of foxtail millet %"

处理
Treatment		 粗蛋白质含量
Crude protein content		 碳水化合物含量
Carbohydrate content		 总淀粉含量
Total starch content		 粗脂肪含量
Crude fat content		 膳食纤维含量
Dietary fiber content
A1M1 9.65±0.02a 75.34±0.11b 64.32±0.01a 3.82±0.11ab 2.49±0.06d
A1M2 9.67±0.09a 75.48±0.02b 64.31±0.31a 3.84±0.12ab 2.51±0.06cd
A1M3 9.68±0.02a 75.64±0.09b 64.45±0.05a 3.91±0.05ab 2.53±0.07bcd
A1M4 9.71±0.03a 76.51±1.22a 64.61±0.15a 3.92±0.04ab 2.66±0.04a
A2M1 9.63±0.04a 75.46±0.02b 63.88±0.08a 3.86±0.07ab 2.65±0.04a
A2M2 9.66±0.04a 75.61±0.05b 63.85±0.04a 3.85±0.10ab 2.60±0.03abc
A2M3 9.64±0.03a 75.34±0.02b 63.86±0.40a 3.80±0.06ab 2.62±0.02ab
A2M4 9.66±0.04a 75.89±0.12ab 63.89±0.08a 3.93±0.06b 2.65±0.01a
A3M1 9.66±0.02a 75.95±0.31ab 63.58±0.43a 3.93±0.06b 2.58±0.08abcd
A3M2 9.68±0.03a 75.95±0.63ab 63.56±0.01a 3.77±0.09b 2.57±0.04bcd
A3M3 9.66±0.02a 75.36±0.03b 63.65±5.83b 3.87±0.05ab 2.63±0.06a
A3M4 9.72±0.05a 75.69±0.03b 63.65±0.50a 3.80±0.05ab 2.61±0.04ab

Table 6

Effects of compound fertilizer combined with microbial inoculant on the content of essential amino acids in foxtail millet %"

处理
Treatment		 赖氨酸
Lysine		 亮氨酸
Leucine		 异亮氨酸
Isoleucine		 苏氨酸
Threonine		 缬氨酸
Valine		 蛋氨酸
Methionine		 苯丙氨酸
Phenylalanine
A1M1 0.079±0.001bcd 0.65±0.01de 0.17±0.01b 0.16±0.01c 0.23±0.02bc 0.078±0.001b 0.059±0.004g
A1M2 0.076±0.001e 0.66±0.01cde 0.17±0.01bc 0.16±0.00c 0.21±0.02d 0.076±0.001b 0.054±0.002h
A1M3 0.081±0.002bc 0.71±0.01ab 0.17±0.01bc 0.17±0.01b 0.25±0.01b 0.077±0.001b 0.079±0.003bcde
A1M4 0.077±0.003cde 0.72±0.01ab 0.18±0.01a 0.17±0.01b 0.24±0.02b 0.078±0.001b 0.080±0.003bcd
A2M1 0.082±0.001b 0.68±0.01c 0.18±0.01a 0.18±0.02a 0.26±0.03a 0.078±0.001b 0.085±0.001ab
A2M2 0.082±0.001b 0.66±0.01d 0.18±0.01a 0.17±0.01bc 0.21±0.02cd 0.080±0.001b 0.084±0.012abc
A2M3 0.081±0.002bc 0.69±0.01bc 0.18±0.01a 0.17±0.01ab 0.19±0.02e 0.079±0.001b 0.078±0.012cde
A2M4 0.083±0.001ab 0.63±0.02e 0.18±0.01a 0.17±0.01bc 0.20±0.01cde 0.080±0.001b 0.063±0.002f
A3M1 0.082±0.002b 0.71±0.01ab 0.18±0.01a 0.17±0.01ab 0.21±0.02cd 0.090±0.003a 0.072±0.001de
A3M2 0.084±0.001a 0.74±0.01a 0.18±0.01a 0.17±0.01bc 0.22±0.01c 0.094±0.001a 0.084±0.004abc
A3M3 0.081±0.001bc 0.70±0.01b 0.18±0.01a 0.16±0.01c 0.24±0.03b 0.091±0.003a 0.070±0.003ef
A3M4 0.085±0.001a 0.73±0.01a 0.18±0.01a 0.17±0.01b 0.23±0.02bc 0.092±0.001a 0.093±0.002a

Table 7

Effects of compound fertilizer combined with microbial inoculant on the content of non-essential amino acids in foxtail millet %"

处理
Treatment		 天冬氨酸
Aspartic acid		 丙氨酸
Alanine		 谷氨酸
Glutamic acid		 丝氨酸
Serine		 精氨酸
Arginine		 酪氨酸
Tyrosine		 甘氨酸
Glycine
A1M1 0.27±0.01b 0.32±0.01e 0.77±0.01b 0.21±0.01a 0.13±0.01a 0.083±0.001a 0.12±0.01b
A1M2 0.28±0.01ab 0.34±0.01de 0.70±0.01bc 0.21±0.00a 0.13±0.01a 0.092±0.004b 0.13±0.01b
A1M3 0.26±0.02c 0.36±0.01d 0.70±0.01bc 0.20±0.01a 0.13±0.01a 0.076±0.002e 0.14±0.01ab
A1M4 0.29±0.03a 0.44±0.01a 0.82±0.01a 0.19±0.01a 0.13±0.00a 0.075±0.007e 0.14±0.01ab
A2M1 0.30±0.01a 0.34±0.02de 0.83±0.01a 0.21±0.02a 0.13±0.01a 0.093±0.001b 0.13±0.01b
A2M2 0.29±0.01b 0.37±0.01cd 0.82±0.01a 0.18±0.01a 0.13±0.01a 0.096±0.001a 0.15±0.00a
A2M3 0.30±0.01a 0.40±0.01c 0.83±0.01a 0.21±0.01a 0.13±0.00a 0.084±0.001cd 0.13±0.01b
A2M4 0.28±0.01ab 0.44±0.02a 0.82±0.03a 0.21±0.01a 0.13±0.00a 0.088±0.003bc 0.16±0.01a
A3M1 0.27±0.02b 0.35±0.01d 0.83±0.02a 0.20±0.01a 0.13±0.01a 0.085±0.001c 0.13±0.01b
A3M2 0.28±0.01ab 0.37±0.01cd 0.83±0.02a 0.21±0.01a 0.13±0.00a 0.086±0.001c 0.16±0.01a
A3M3 0.30±0.01a 0.42±0.01b 0.84±0.01a 0.21±0.01a 0.13±0.01a 0.081±0.001d 0.13±0.01b
A3M4 0.29±0.01a 0.44±0.01a 0.85±0.00a 0.22±0.01a 0.13±0.01a 0.097±0.002a 0.17±0.02a

Fig.1

Effects of compound fertilizer combined with microbial inoculant on yield of foxtail millet Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 level."

Table 8

Comprehensive evaluation of different compound fertilizers combined with microbial inoculant"

处理
Treatment		 得分
Score		 排序
Ranking		 处理
Treatment		 得分
Score		 排序
Ranking
A1M1 0.18 12 A2M3 0.51 5
A1M2 0.28 11 A2M4 0.69 2
A1M3 0.40 10 A3M1 0.48 7
A1M4 0.56 6 A3M2 0.63 3
A2M1 0.46 9 A3M3 0.59 4
A2M2 0.53 8 A3M4 0.84 1
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