Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 20-28.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.02.004

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Assessment of Genetic Diversity in 58 Germplasm Resources of Highland Barley

Lu Jing1(), Yu Bo1(), Jiang Mi2, Peng Lianxin1, Ren Yuanhang1, Wu Qi1()   

  1. 1College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University / Key Laboratory of Cereal Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
    2Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Ganzi 626700, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2024-02-03 Revised:2024-05-11 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the genetic diversity of highland barley germplasm resources in Ganzi prefecture and screen out excellent germplasms, 58 highland barley germplasm resources collected in Ganzi prefecture were thoroughly examined for genetic diversity, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and clustering on 16 agronomic traits. The results showed that the 58 highland barley germplasms had abundant genetic diversity with coefficients variation (CV) ranging from 12% to 64%. The minimum CV were those of grain length and internode number (12%), the maximum CV was that of seed coat color, reaching 64%, and the average CV was 26%. The index of genetic diversity ranged from 1.166 to 2.707, the diversity index of leaf roll was the minimum (1.166), and the diversity index of seed coat color was the maximum (2.707). Correlation analysis results showed that panicle length, panicle width, panicle number per plant, 1000-grain weight and internode number could be used as important indicators to evaluate genetic diversity of highland barley germplasm resources for breeding. The results of principal component analysis showed that the accumulative contribution rate of the six principal components had reached 73.062%. The main indexes were uppest internode length, panicle number per plant, flag leaf length and plant height. According to the comprehensive score (F-value) through membership function values, CDU22, CDU19T and CDU57S were selected as the top three germplasms. Clustering analysis classified the 58 germplasms into four groups, when the genetic distance was eight, the 12 germplasms of group Ⅰ had the highest comprehensive eigenvalue, and those germplasms could be selected as parent materials for breeding of high-yield varieties.

Key words: Highland barley, Germplasm resources, Agronomic traits, Genetic diversity analysis, Comprehensive evaluation

Table 1

Phenotypic traits and statistical standards of highland barley"

性状Trait 记载标准Record standard
株高Plant height 成熟时地表到主穗顶部的距离
茎秆直径Stem diameter 主茎地上部第二节间中部的直径
旗叶长Flag leaf length 茎秆最顶端穗下第一片叶子的长度
旗叶宽Flag leaf width 茎秆最顶端穗下第一片叶子的宽度
旗叶角Flag leaf angle
 茎秆最顶端穗下第一片叶子与茎秆之间的夹角
穗长Panicle length
 穗轴基部至穗顶部的长度（不包括芒）
穗宽Panicle width 主穗中部的宽度
芒长Awn length 植株成熟后其穗部顶尖芒的长度
单株穗数
Number of panicles per plant		 青稞种质的单株平均穗数
穗下节间长
Uppest internode length		 主穗下部第一个节间的长度
节间数Number of internodes 主茎茎秆上的节间数
千粒重1000-grain weight 成熟籽粒烘干后1000粒的重量
粒宽Grain width 种子成熟后其表面的宽度
粒长Grain length 种子成熟后其表面的长度
卷叶Leaf roll 1=否，2=是
种皮颜色Seed coat color
 1=黄，2=紫，3=黑，4=黄褐，5=褐，6=黑紫，7=绿

Table 2

Analysis of the genetic diversity of 58 highland barley germplasm resources"

性状
Trait		 最小值
Minimum value		 最大值
Maximum value		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 方差
Variance		 变异系数
CV (%)		 H′
节间数Number of internodes 3.60 6.40 5.34 0.61 0.37 12 2.438
旗叶长Flag leaf length (cm) 6.54 26.18 14.38 4.00 15.99 24 2.582
旗叶宽Flag leaf width (cm) 1.14 2.56 1.87 0.32 0.10 30 2.596
旗叶角Flag leaf angle (°) 21.20 72.00 36.93 8.90 79.20 22 2.407
卷叶Leaf roll 1.00 2.00 1.07 0.26 0.07 32 1.166
穗下节间长Uppest internode length (cm) 4.72 36.70 19.32 9.54 91.00 49 2.359
单株穗数Number of panicles per plant 3.40 25.20 10.04 3.64 13.28 36 2.428
穗长Panicle length (cm) 5.22 11.82 8.20 1.29 1.67 16 2.575
穗宽Panicle width (cm) 1.02 1.64 1.33 0.13 0.02 21 2.533
芒长Awn length (cm) 9.16 23.90 18.05 2.63 6.90 14 2.252
粒长Grain length (mm) 4.60 8.40 6.62 0.77 0.59 12 2.468
粒宽Grain width (mm) 2.40 4.00 3.21 1.44 2.09 45 2.516
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 23.20 52.90 39.07 6.49 42.17 16 2.390
种皮颜色Seed coat color 1.00 5.00 2.29 1.44 2.07 64 2.707
茎秆直径Stem diameter (cm) 0.35 0.70 0.56 0.07 0.01 13 2.539
株高Plant height (cm) 49.68 113.20 94.78 12.18 148.36 13 2.400

Table 3

Main distribution of 14 agronomic traits of 58 highland barley germplasm resources"

性状
Trait		 级别Grade
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ Ⅶ Ⅷ Ⅸ Ⅹ
株高Plant height (cm) 64.33 70.42 76.51 82.6 88.69 100.87 106.96 113.05 119.14 125.23
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 1.70 1.70 1.70 17.20 5.20 41.40 15.50 13.80 1.70 0.00
单株穗数Number of panicles per plant 0.94 2.76 4.58 6.40 8.22 11.86 13.68 15.50 17.32 19.14
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 0.00 1.70 10.30 17.20 44.80 5.20 8.60 8.60 1.70 1.70
茎秆直径Stem diameter (cm) 0.39 0.42 0.46 0.49 0.53 0.60 0.63 0.67 0.70 0.74
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 1.70 1.70 5.25 5.20 13.80 43.10 12.10 8.60 8.60 0.00
节间数Number of internodes 3.82 4.12 4.43 4.73 5.04 5.65 5.95 6.26 6.56 6.87
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 1.70 1.70 6.90 3.40 15.50 44.80 8.60 13.80 3.40 0.00
旗叶长Flag leaf length (cm) 4.38 6.38 8.38 10.38 12.38 16.38 18.38 20.38 22.38 24.38
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 0.00 5.20 17.20 6.90 36.20 20.70 3.40 3.40 1.70 5.20
旗叶宽Flag leaf width (cm) 1.07 1.23 1.39 1.55 1.71 2.03 2.19 2.35 2.51 2.67
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 0.00 3.40 6.90 3.40 12.10 37.90 20.70 8.60 5.20 1.70
旗叶角Flag leaf angle (o) 14.68 19.13 23.58 28.03 32.48 41.38 45.83 50.28 54.73 59.18
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 0.00 1.70 10.30 20.70 43.10 10.30 6.90 3.40 1.70 1.70
穗下节间长Uppest internode length (cm) -4.53 0.24 5.01 9.78 14.55 24.09 28.86 33.63 38.40 43.17
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 0.00 0.00 1.70 12.10 37.90 5.20 24.10 8.60 10.30 0.00
穗长Panicle length (cm) 4.98 5.62 6.27 6.91 7.56 8.85 9.49 10.14 10.78 11.43
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 0.00 3.50 5.30 5.30 14.00 38.60 19.30 7.00 5.30 1.70
穗宽Panicle width (cm) 1.01 1.07 1.14 1.20 1.27 1.40 1.46 1.53 1.59 1.66
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 0.00 1.70 1.70 12.10 19.00 32.80 19.00 8.60 5.20 0.00
芒长Awn length (cm) 11.48 12.79 14.11 15.42 16.74 19.37 20.68 22.00 23.31 24.63
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 1.70 1.70 5.20 3.40 13.80 55.20 8.60 3.40 5.20 1.70
粒长Grain length (mm) 4.70 5.08 5.47 5.85 6.24 7.01 7.39 7.78 8.16 8.55
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 1.70 3.40 3.40 6.90 12.10 44.80 17.20 5.20 5.20 0.00
粒宽Grain width (mm) 2.16 2.34 2.52 2.70 2.88 3.24 3.42 3.60 3.78 3.96
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 3.40 13.80 15.50 1.70 36.20 20.70 3.40 3.40 3.40 1.70
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 22.85 26.09 29.34 32.58 35.83 42.32 45.56 48.81 52.05 55.30
分布频率Distribution frequency (%) 0.00 3.40 5.20 10.30 48.30 13.80 10.30 1.70 1.70 1.70

Table 4

Correlationship analysis between the agronomic traits of highland barley germplasm resources"

性状
Trait		 节间数
NI		 旗叶长
FLL		 旗叶宽
FLW		 旗叶角
FLA		 穗下节间长
UIL		 单株穗数
NSPP		 穗长
SL		 穗宽
SW		 芒长
AL		 粒长
GL		 粒宽
GW		 千粒重
TGW		 茎秆直径
SD		 株高
PH
节间数NI 1.000
旗叶长FLL -0.038 1.000
旗叶宽FLW -0.092 0.314* 1.000
旗叶角FLA 0.204 0.007 0.199 1.000
穗下节间长UIL -0.347** -0.058 -0.311* -0.636** 1.000
单株穗数NSPP 0.371** 0.141 0.043 0.306* -0.464** 1.000
穗长SL 0.013 0.151 0.120 -0.002 -0.113 0.034 1.000
穗宽SW 0.070 0.386** 0.352** 0.136 -0.194 0.215 0.417** 1.000
芒长AL -0.199 0.115 -0.031 0.055 -0.109 0.011 0.590** 0.207 1.000
粒长GL 0.173 0.061 -0.209 -0.109 0.208 -0.002 0.233 0.311* 0.055 1.000
粒宽GW 0.018 0.048 -0.083 0.086 -0.109 0.168 0.132 0.188 -0.019 0.449** 1.000
千粒重TGW 0.142 0.180 0.026 -0.046 -0.043 0.268* 0.029 0.404** 0.089 0.232 0.279* 1.000
茎秆直径SD 0.232 -0.092 0.243 0.462** -0.511** 0.137 -0.049 0.075 -0.054 -0.079 0.107 0.298* 1.000
株高PH 0.192 -0.090 -0.013 0.206 -0.246 0.501** -0.065 -0.012 -0.014 0.003 0.128 0.191 0.268* 1.000

Table 5

Principal component analysis the agronomic traits of 58 highland barley germplasm resources"

性状Trait PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6
节间数NI -0.693 0.492 -0.053 -0.120 -0.109 0.241
旗叶长FLL 0.562 -0.444 0.150 -0.088 0.150 -0.285
旗叶宽FLW 0.527 0.211 0.003 0.014 -0.432 0.517
旗叶角FLA 0.490 0.406 -0.347 -0.075 -0.041 -0.238
卷叶LR 0.469 0.114 0.317 -0.395 -0.068 -0.339
穗下节间长UIL 0.336 0.754 0.013 -0.006 -0.283 -0.173
单株穗数NSPP 0.537 -0.609 -0.038 0.037 -0.249 -0.070
穗长SL -0.189 0.453 0.622 -0.154 0.366 -0.100
穗宽SW 0.453 0.183 0.591 -0.227 0.357 0.208
芒长AL 0.224 -0.409 -0.565 -0.349 0.200 0.244
粒长GL 0.433 -0.070 0.452 0.211 0.230 0.353
粒宽GW 0.212 0.287 -0.256 0.631 0.407 0.091
千粒重TGW -0.019 -0.386 0.423 0.694 -0.126 0.098
种皮颜色SCC 0.334 0.350 -0.400 0.442 0.369 -0.258
茎秆直径SD 0.465 0.387 0.024 0.147 -0.513 0.100
株高PH 0.346 0.173 -0.346 -0.370 0.399 0.370
特征值Eigenvalue 2.907 2.546 2.032 1.660 1.464 1.081
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 18.166 15.912 12.697 10.378 9.152 6.757
累计贡献率Accumulative contribution rate (%) 18.166 34.078 46.775 57.152 66.305 73.062

Table 6

Correlation coefficients between 16 agronomic traits and phenotype synthesis (F-value) of highland barley"

性状Trait F值F-value 性状Trait F值F-value
节间数NI 0.142 穗宽SW 0.707**
卷叶LR -0.078 芒长AL 0.087
旗叶长FLL 0.288* 粒长GL 0.730**
旗叶宽FLW 0.049 粒宽GW 0.696**
旗叶角FLA 0.110 千粒重TGW 0.558**
穗下节间长UIL -0.110 种皮颜色SCC -0.101
单株穗数NSPP 0.133 茎秆直径SD 0.179
穗长SL 0.230 株高PH 0.227

Fig.1

Clustering analysis of 58 highland barley germplasm resources"

Table 7

Statistical analysis of the agronomic traits in four clusters of highland barley germplasm resources"

类群Group 数量Number NI LR FLL (cm) FLW (cm) FLA (°)
Ⅰ 12 5.43 1.17 13.04 1.85 40.71
Ⅱ 13 5.60 1.00 16.64 1.93 60.91
Ⅲ 15 5.09 1.20 14.03 1.86 33.16
Ⅳ 18 5.48 1.00 15.64 1.85 32.59
类群Group UIL (cm) NSPP SL (cm) SW (cm) AL (cm) GL (mm)
Ⅰ 11.71 10.60 7.94 1.54 18.19 6.62
Ⅱ 10.68 12.12 8.40 1.36 17.96 6.49
Ⅲ 29.31 9.81 7.84 1.33 17.82 6.62
Ⅳ 21.87 8.37 8.57 1.32 18.32 6.76
类群Group GW (mm) TGW (g) SCC SD (cm) PH (cm)
Ⅰ 3.04 41.00 3.42 0.60 102.71
Ⅱ 3.18 40.27 2.23 0.62 100.07
Ⅲ 2.97 35.93 1.80 0.52 98.94
Ⅳ 3.04 39.92 1.83 0.54 83.17

Fig.2

Box plots of 14 agronomic traits of 58 highland barley germplasm resources in four groups The ends of the box represent the extreme values of the trait, ◆ indicates individual extremum."

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