Crops ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 76-82.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.01.009

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Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Proso Millet Germplasm Resources in the Northeast Plain Ecological Region

Zhang Jie1(), Jia Bing2(), Cheng Ruibao1, Yang Wei1, Liu Ying3(), Zhang Liyuan1(), Wen Yahui1, Dong Chunhao2, Wang Zhenpu2, Qi Mingyu1, Zhang Qingyan1, Zhao Min1, Li Zhiguang1   

  1. 1Chifeng Academy Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science,Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia, China
    2Chifeng Agricultural and Livestock Technology Promotion Center, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia, China
    3Chifeng Vocational College of Applied Technology, Chifeng 024000, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2024-09-01 Revised:2024-10-09 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-12

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Abstract:

To comprehend the genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in proso millet germplasm resources of the Northeast Plain ecological region, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis were used to study the 11 phenotypic traits of 127 proso millet germplasm resources. The results showed that the 127 proso millet germplasm resources had a large variation in phenotypic traits and a relatively rich genetic diversity. Specifically, the average genetic diversity index (H′) for five quality traits was 1.64, while that of six quantitative traits was 6.94. Correlation analysis indicated varying degrees of correlation among various agronomic traits. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the tested materials could be categorized into three major groups at a Euclidean distance of 25. Principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components reached 79.53%, reflecting most of the trait information in the germplasm resources. The research conclusion further elucidated the differences and correlations among various types of proso millet germplasm resources, thereby providing a basis for comprehending the background of these germplasm resources and utilizing them for genetic improvement. This is of significant practical importance for enriching the genetic foundation of proso millet.

Key words: Proso millet, Germplasm resources, Phenotypic trait, Diversity analysis, Northeast plain

Table 1

Names and types of germplasm resources of proso millet"

序号Number 种质Germplasm 类型Type 序号Number 种质Germplasm 类型Type 序号Number 种质Germplasm 类型Type
1 黍子 地方品种 44 金黍 地方品种 87 太原1036 地方品种
2 黄黍子 地方品种 45 糯黍 地方品种 88 嫩黍23 地方品种
3 A85-29 地方品种 46 小红黍 地方品种 89 单尾巴糯 地方品种
4 皋兰鸭蛋青 地方品种 47 小黍子 地方品种 90 白壳糜 地方品种
5 靖远中堡青糜 地方品种 48 五咀子 地方品种 91 黎糜子 地方品种
6 泾川小白糜 地方品种 49 骨都白 地方品种 92 黄糜子 地方品种
7 灵合红粘糜 地方品种 50 黑糜子 地方品种 93 黑糜子 地方品种
8 平凉大红糜 地方品种 51 黑黍子 地方品种 94 红壳粘糜子 地方品种
9 华亭糯糜子 地方品种 52 粘黍子 地方品种 95 黑糜子 地方品种
10 静宁红然糜 地方品种 53 高粱黍 地方品种 96 黑糜子（黍） 地方品种
11 清水粘糜子 地方品种 54 小红黍 地方品种 97 西北天糜子（黍） 地方品种
12 甘谷黑蝉背 地方品种 55 黍子 地方品种 98 扶余白糜子 地方品种
13 永静黑糜子 地方品种 56 蚂蚱眼 地方品种 99 翰章黄糜子 地方品种
14 高台乌糜子 地方品种 57 大黄黍 地方品种 100 千沟黄糜子 地方品种
15 张掖老黄糜子 地方品种 58 大紫秆 地方品种 101 眼皮薄 地方品种
16 民乐红糜子 地方品种 59 河间白黍子 地方品种 102 吉林黍 地方品种
17 景泰疙瘩红 地方品种 60 小红黍 地方品种 103 黄稷子 地方品种
18 永登小黑糜 地方品种 61 黍子 地方品种 104 狸黍子 地方品种
19 皋兰半脸红 地方品种 62 青龙黄黍子 地方品种 105 散尾儿 地方品种
20 靖远紫秆红 地方品种 63 紫秸白 地方品种 106 平头儿 地方品种
21 会宁保安红 地方品种 64 黍米（糜） 地方品种 107 黄稷 地方品种
22 60天紫秆红小糜 地方品种 65 白黍子 地方品种 108 棱子黍 地方品种
23 华池黄草红糜子 地方品种 66 白黍子 地方品种 109 农石3号黑糜 地方品种
24 宁县竹叶青黄硬糜 地方品种 67 大粒糜子 地方品种 110 白稷子 地方品种
25 宁县大黄粘糜子 地方品种 68 鹅头糜子 地方品种 111 赤糜2号 野生种
26 崇信鸡蛋皮 地方品种 69 黄糜子 地方品种 112 赤黍9号 野生种
27 东乡朵麻糜 地方品种 70 笊篱头 地方品种 113 赤黍2号 野生种
28 广河黄糜 地方品种 71 白糜子 地方品种 114 蒙粳糜7号 野生种
29 正宁红粘糜（黍） 地方品种 72 黑鹅头 地方品种 115 内糜5号 野生种
30 庆阳饿死牛 地方品种 73 红鹌鹑尾 地方品种 116 内糜7号 野生种
31 张川麻糜子 地方品种 74 鹌鹑尾 地方品种 117 3163 育成品种
32 古浪半个红 地方品种 75 麦糜子 地方品种 118 3179 育成品种
33 鼓鼓头糜 地方品种 76 小麦糜子 地方品种 119 6766 育成品种
34 A75-45 地方品种 77 大红袍 地方品种 120 PI 207501 育成品种
35 E75-30 地方品种 78 黑糜子 地方品种 121 PAN 99 国外品种
36 A85-70 地方品种 79 粘糜子 地方品种 122 PI 531402 国外品种
37 A85-75 地方品种 80 葡萄青 地方品种 123 PI 531406 国外品种
38 黄壳大粒黍 地方品种 81 熟谷 地方品种 124 PAN 60 国外品种
39 金守黍 地方品种 82 034-2 地方品种 125 Romarrria 10133 40 国外品种
40 金色黍 地方品种 83 2048 地方品种 126 PAN 19 国外品种
41 S02036 地方品种 84 2096 地方品种 127 PAN 21 国外品种
42 金黍 地方品种 85 2275 地方品种
43 金黍 地方品种 86 2228 地方品种

Table 2

Phenotypic values of agronomic traits in proso millet germplasm resources"

统计参数
Statistic parameter		 穗长
Panicle length
(cm)		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 穗重
Panicle weight
(g)		 株粒重
Grain weight per
plant (g)		 株草重
Grass weight
per plant (g)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 生育期
Growth
stage (d)
最大值Maximum 86.50 197.00 134.90 147.22 157.20 8.91 118.00
最小值Minimum 17.60 62.67 24.10 26.17 37.46 3.77 70.00
平均值Mean value 40.95 138.77 57.37 54.75 78.63 6.43 90.74
标准差Standard deviation 10.40 27.07 14.71 17.41 24.68 1.15 9.32
变异系数CV (%) 25.39 19.51 25.64 31.79 31.39 17.96 10.27

Table 3

Analysis of genetic diversity of quality traits of proso millet germplasm resources"

性状
Trait		 频率分布Frequency distribution H′
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
叶相Leaf phase 0.39 0.32 0.28 － － － － － － － 1.57
穗型Panicle type 0.61 0.06 0.20 0.01 0.06 0.06 － － － － 1.70
花序密度Inflorescence density 0.06 0.69 0.01 0.17 － － － － － － 1.09
粒色Grain color 0.19 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.12 0.35 0.06 2.55
粒型Grain shape 0.62 0.13 0.25 － － － － － － － 1.31

Table 4

Analysis of genetic diversity of quantitative traits of proso millet germplasm resources"

项目
Item		 穗长
Panicle length		 株高
Plant height		 穗重
Panicle weight		 株粒重
Grain weight per plant		 株草重
Grass weight per plant		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
H′ 6.94 6.96 6.94 6.93 6.92 6.97

Table 5

Correlation analysis of phenotypic traits of proso millet germplasm resources"

性状
Trait		 穗长
Panicle
length		 株高
Plant
height		 穗重
Panicle
weight		 株粒重
Grain weight
per plant		 株草重
Grass weight
per plant		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight		 生育期
Growth
stage
穗长Panicle length 1.00
株高Plant height 0.37** 1.00
穗重Panicle weight 0.23** 0.04 1.00
株粒重Grain weight per plant 0.20* 0.20* 0.62** 1.00
株草重Grass weight per plant 0.23** 0.54** 0.36** 0.49** 1.00
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.51** 0.20* 0.31** 0.23** 0.23* 1.00
生育期Growth stage 0.06 0.74** -0.09 0.10 0.40** -0.10 1.00

Fig.1

Cluster analysis of proso millet germplasm resources"

Table 6

Principal component analysis of phenotypic traits of proso millet germplasm resources"

性状Trait PC1 PC2 PC3
穗长Panicle length 0.57 0.21 0.63
株高Plant height 0.72 -0.58 0.17
穗重Panicle weight 0.56 0.58 -0.37
株粒重Grain weight per plant 0.67 0.36 -0.48
株草重Grass weight per plant 0.79 -0.14 -0.25
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.52 0.45 0.55
生育期Growth stage 0.49 -0.79 -0.09
特征值Eigenvalue value 2.73 1.68 1.16
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 39.01 23.99 16.53
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 39.01 63.00 79.53
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