追施不同形态氮素对膜下滴灌玉米光合特性和产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.02.016

作物杂志,2017, 第2期: 93–97 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.02.016

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇下一篇

追施不同形态氮素对膜下滴灌玉米光合特性和产量的影响

李开宇¹,孙占祥¹,杨宁¹,郑家明¹,朱志闯²,肖继兵³,冯良山¹,卢闯¹

1 辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所/辽宁省旱作节水工程技术研究中心,110161,辽宁沈阳
2 辽宁省水利水电科学研究院,110161,辽宁沈阳
3 辽宁省水土保持研究所,122000,辽宁朝阳

收稿日期:2016-12-20 修回日期:2017-02-21 出版日期:2017-04-15 发布日期:2018-08-26
通讯作者: 孙占祥
作者简介:李开宇,副研究员,主要从事节水农艺技术研究
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD12B04);公益性行业(农业专项201303125);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31501269);辽宁省农业领域青年科技创新人才(2014017);辽宁省自然科学基金计划项目(2014027021)

Effects of Topdressing Different Forms of Nitrogen on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize with Drip Irrigation under Plastic Film

Li Kaiyu¹,Sun Zhanxiang¹,Yang Ning¹,Zheng Jiaming¹,Zhu Zhichuang²,Xiao Jibing³,Feng Liangshan¹,Lu Chuang¹

1 Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Engineering Research Center for Dryland and Water-Efficient Farming of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning,China
2 Liaoning Academy of Water Conservancy Sciences,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning,China
3 Institute of Water and Soil Conservation in Liaoning,Chaoyang 122000,Liaoning,China

Received:2016-12-20 Revised:2017-02-21 Online:2017-04-15 Published:2018-08-26
Contact: Zhanxiang Sun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步提升膜下滴灌玉米产量,2014-2015年以玉米杂交种辽单1211为材料,研究了追施不同形态氮素对膜下滴灌玉米光合特性、干物质积累量和子粒产量的影响。结果表明,灌浆期玉米叶片净光合速率追施氮肥处理显著高于对照,其中硝酸铵处理光合速率最大,其次为硝酸钙处理,二者净光合速率与氯化铵、硫酸铵、尿素处理差异显著;各生育时期玉米干物质积累量以硝酸铵处理最高,与其他追施氮肥处理差异显著;追施氮肥处理的产量显著高于对照,其中以硝酸铵处理产量最高,其次为硝酸钙处理,氯化铵处理产量较低,各处理主要是通过影响粒重来影响玉米产量。膜下滴灌追施硝酸铵可显著提高玉米产量。

关键词: 玉米, 膜下滴灌, 氮素形态, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

In order to make further improvement on production levels of maize, the effects of topdressing different forms of nitrogen on accumulated quantity of dry matter, photosynthetic characteristics and yield were studied in the condition of drip irrigation under plastic film using maize hybrid Liaodan 1211 as material in this experiment in 2014-2015. The results showed that the leaf photosynthetic rate of maize with nitrogen topdressing was significantly higher than the control (P<0.05) in the milking stage. Photosynthetic rate of ammonium nitrate treatment was the greatest, then calcium nitrate, and that of the two was significantly higher than other topdressing N treatments (P<0.05) in two years; The accumulated quantity of dry matter with ammonium nitrate was the greatest and that was significantly higher than other topdressing N treatments (P<0.05) in different growth period of maize; The yield with nitrogen topdressing was significantly higher than the control (P<0.05), and that of ammonium nitrate was the greatest, then calcium nitrate, and that of ammonium chloride was lower. The effect of different treatments on yield was mainly through grain weight. The yield of maize was significantly increased by topdressing ammonium nitrate.

Key words: Maize, Drip irrigation under plastic film, Nitrogen form, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

李开宇,孙占祥,杨宁,郑家明,朱志闯,肖继兵,冯良山,卢闯. 追施不同形态氮素对膜下滴灌玉米光合特性和产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017 (2): 93–97

Kaiyu Li,Zhanxiang Sun,Ning Yang,Jiaming Zheng,Zhichuang Zhu,Jibing Xiao,Liangshan Feng,Chuang Lu. Effects of Topdressing Different Forms of Nitrogen on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize with Drip Irrigation under Plastic Film[J]. Crops, 2017(2): 93–97

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氮素形态Nitrogen form	追氮肥时期及氮肥量Topdressing stage and quantity of dressing
氮素形态Nitrogen form	拔节期Jointing stage	大喇叭口期Phosphate assimilation stage	灌浆期Filling period
对照CK	-	-	-
氯化铵Ammonium chloride	360	360	180
硫酸铵Ammonium sulfate	429	429	214.5
硝酸钙Calcium nitrate	600	600	300
硝酸铵Ammonium nitrate	264	264	132
尿素Urea	195	195	97.5

氮素形态Nitrogen form	0℃	10℃	20℃	30℃
氯化铵Ammonium chloride	29	33	37	42
硫酸铵Ammonium sulfate	70	73	75	78
硝酸钙Calcium nitrate	102	124	129	162
硝酸铵Ammonium nitrate	118	158	195	242
尿素Urea	68	85	106	133

年份Year	氮素形态Nitrogen form	P_n[μmol/(m²·s)]	G_s[mmol/(m²·s)]	C_i[μmol/(m²·s)]	T_r[mmol/(m²·s)]
2014	CK	24.85±0.66e	0.25±0.05a	184.89±4.20a	11.08±0.17d
	氯化铵Ammonium chloride	31.67±0.32d	0.37±0.06a	126.69±0.98c	13.57±0.13c
	硫酸铵Ammonium sulfate	33.72±0.28c	0.36±0.09a	131.03±0.47c	13.38±0.16c
	硝酸钙Calcium nitrate	36.42±0.21b	0.33±0.01a	140.22±1.20b	12.98±0.28c
	硝酸铵Ammonium nitrate	37.75±0.31a	0.41±0.01a	91.85±0.13e	14.97±0.28b
	尿素Urea	33.85±0.29c	0.48±0.01a	102.17±0.95d	17.29±0.39a
2015	CK	24.82±0.66c	0.24±0.05a	184.90±4.20a	19.08±0.17a
	氯化铵Ammonium chloride	33.72±0.28b	0.37±0.06a	126.69±0.98c	13.57±0.13d
	硫酸铵Ammonium sulfate	33.85±0.29b	0.36±0.09a	131.03±0.47c	13.28±0.16d
	硝酸钙Calcium nitrate	34.98±0.20a	0.33±0.01a	102.17±0.95e	16.97±0.28b
	硝酸铵Ammonium nitrate	35.48±0.32a	0.39±0.01a	140.22±1.20b	12.98±0.28d
	尿素Urea	32.15±0.30b	0.35±0.01a	105.85±1.27d	15.29±0.39c

氮素形态Nitrogen form	拔节期Jointing stage	抽雄期Tasseling stage	灌浆期Filling period	成熟期Mature period
CK	32.5±1.5d	83.3±21.4c	113.9±45.8c	264.7±35.4d
氯化铵Ammonium chloride	35.5±1.4c	143.1±20.1b	175.6±38.4b	416.6±49.8c
硫酸铵Ammonium sulfate	34.9±1.9c	153.3±22.9b	176.5±40.5b	413.9±55.3c
硝酸钙Calcium nitrate	38.5±1.3b	149.5±19.5b	173.7±51.7b	441.9±45.8b
硝酸铵Ammonium nitrate	42.7±2.1a	161.7±21.4a	196.5±38.8a	485.1±43.8a
尿素Urea	34.8±1.4c	145.4±24.8b	182.4±43.5b	428.5±45.8c

年份 Year	氮素形态 Nitrogen form	穗长(cm) Ear length	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	百粒重(g) 100-grain weight	子粒产量Yield (kg/hm²)	氮肥偏生产力NPFP (kg/kg)	氮肥农学效率AEN (kg/kg)
2014	CK	17.4±0.59a	484.4±9.80b	45.5±0.21c	11 520±1311.0e	—	—
	氯化铵	17.0±0.68a	506.8±13.93a	46.4±0.15b	13 860±529.5d	47.4±1.81d	10.4±3.47d
	硫酸铵	17.4±0.45a	493.7±11.66a	46.4±0.12b	14 580±346.5d	47.0±1.18d	9.9±4.28d
	硝酸钙	17.6±0.77a	498.4±15.92a	49.3±0.14a	14 580±529.5b	49.8±1.84b	13.6±3.44b
	硝酸铵	18.5±0.37a	505.9±11.58a	49.7±0.12a	14 880±537.0a	50.9±1.81a	14.9±3.47a
	尿素	18.5±0.67a	512.4±17.50a	46.3±0.29b	14 190±559.5c	48.5±1.91c	11.9±3.34c
2015	CK	17.4±0.59a	456.7±9.85b	45.5±0.20c	8 730±730.5d	—	—
	氯化铵	18.5±0.67a	483.1±17.52b	46.3±0.29b	12 480±472.5c	42.7±1.62c	16.7±1.14c
	硫酸铵	17.0±0.68a	499.6±13.91b	46.4±0.12b	13 710±802.5b	46.9±2.74b	22.1±0.32b
	硝酸钙	17.4±0.45a	516.1±11.68b	46.8±0.13b	14 970±784.5a	51.2±2.68a	27.7±0.24a
	硝酸铵	18.6±0.77a	548.1±20.22a	48.3±0.14a	15 345±577.5a	52.5±1.97a	29.4±0.68a
	尿素	18.5±0.37a	505.9±11.85b	48.7±0.12a	14 235±652.5b	48.7±2.23b	24.5±0.35b

追施不同形态氮素对膜下滴灌玉米光合特性和产量的影响

Effects of Topdressing Different Forms of Nitrogen on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize with Drip Irrigation under Plastic Film

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