东北冷凉地区秸秆还田方式对水稻光合、干物质积累及氮素吸收的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.05.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨东北冷凉地区水稻秸秆适宜的还田方式,开展大田定位试验,研究了秸秆直接还田和炭化还田对水稻光合能力、干物质积累的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥条件下2种还田方式均能促进水稻地上部干物质积累,尤其是炭化还田在成熟期较直接还田干物质积累更多;不施用氮肥条件下炭化还田地上部干物质积累量有增加趋势,但直接还田与对照相比却降低了地上部干物质量。2种还田方式都有提高氮肥利用率的趋势,炭化还田和直接还田的氮肥利用率分别为59%和56%。

关键词: 水稻, 秸秆炭化还田, 秸秆还田, 光合特性, 干物质积累, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

To investigate the appropriate way of returning rice straw in the cool areas of northeast China, a field experiment was carry out to study the effects of straw incorporation modes on rice photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation. The results indicated that two methods of straw incorporation could improve the above-ground dry matter accumulation of rice under application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially in the mature stage carbonized straw had more dry matter accumulation compared with the straw returning directly. Above-ground dry matter accumulation increased under straw carbonized returning without nitrogen fertilization, but dry matter accumulation of the straw returning directly decreased compared with the control. Both methods of straw incorporation had a tendency to increase the utilization rate of N fertilizer. The nitrogen use efficiency of two methods of straw incorporation were 59% and 56%, respectively.

Key words: Straw carbonization returning, Straw incorporation, Photosynthetic characteristic, Dry matter accumulation, N fertilizer utilization

隋阳辉,高继平,刘彩虹,徐正进,王延波,赵海岩. 东北冷凉地区秸秆还田方式对水稻光合、干物质积累及氮素吸收的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2018 (5): 137–143

Sui Yanghui,Gao Jiping,Liu Caihong,Xu Zhengjin,Wang Yanbo,Zhao Haiyan. Effects of Straw Incorporation Modes on Rice Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen Uptake in Cool Region of Northeast China[J]. Crops, 2018(5): 137–143

图/表 11

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表2

图6

表3

表4

图7

参考文献 35

[1]	包雪梅, 张福锁, 马文奇 . 我国作物秸秆资源及养分循环研究. 中国农业科技导报, 2003,5(s):14-17.
[2]	慕永红, 曹书恒, 李珍 , 等. 水稻机械化秸秆直接还田现状及发展趋势. 黑龙江农业科学, 2000(5):42-43.
[3]	Ma J, Li X L, Xu H , et al. Effects of nitrogen fertiliser and wheat straw application on CH₄ and N₂O emissions from a paddy rice field. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 2007,45(5):359-367. doi: 10.1071/SR07039
[4]	Shan J, Yan X Y . Effects of crop residue returning on nitrous oxide emissions in agricultural soils. Atmospheric Environment, 2013,71:170-175. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.02.009
[5]	秦越, 李彬彬, 武兰芳 . 不同耕作措施下秸秆还田土壤CO₂排放与溶解性有机碳的动态变化及其关系. 农业环境科学学报, 2014,33(7):1442-1449.
[6]	Laird D A, Brown R C, Amonette J E , et al. Review of the pyrolysis platform for producing bio-oil and biochar. Biofliels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2009,3(5):547-562. doi: 10.1002/bbb.v3:5
[7]	Novak J M, Busscher W J, Laird D L , et al. Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil. Soil Science, 2009,174:105-112. doi: 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181981d9a
[8]	陈温福, 张伟明, 孟军 . 农用生物炭研究进展与前景. 中国农业科学, 2013,46(16):3324-3333. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.16.003
[9]	袁艳文, 田宜水, 赵立欣 , 等. 生物炭应用研究进展. 可再生能源, 2012,30(9):45-49.
[10]	刘彩虹 . 秸秆炭化还田对稻田氮素利用及水稻产量的影响. 沈阳:沈阳农业大学, 2016.
[11]	陈金, 唐玉海, 尹燕枰 , 等. 秸秆还田条件下适量施氮对冬小麦氮素利用率及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2015,41(1):160-167. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00160
[12]	赵亚丽, 郭海斌, 薛志伟 , 等. 耕作方式与秸秆还田对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统中干物质生产和水分利用效率的影响. 作物学报, 2014,40(10):1797-1807. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01797
[13]	王浩, 焦晓燕, 王劲松 , 等. 生物炭对土壤水分特征及水胁迫条件下高粱生长的影响. 水土保持学报, 2015,29(2):253-257,287.
[14]	吴志庄, 高贵宾, 欧建德 , 等. 生物炭肥对毛竹林下三叶青叶绿素含量、光合与荧光特性的影响. 西北林学院学报, 2017,32(5):59-63.
[15]	程效义, 张伟明, 孟军 , 等. 玉米秸秆炭对玉米物质生产及产量形成特性的影响. 玉米科学, 2016,24(1):117-122,129.
[16]	Sui Y, Gao J, Liu C , et al. Interactive effects of straw-derived biochar and N fertilization on soil C storage and rice productivity in rice paddies of Northeast China. Science of the Total Environment, 2016,544:203-210. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.079
[17]	郝建华, 丁艳锋, 王强盛 , 等. 麦秸还田对水稻群体质量和土壤特性的影响. 南京农业大学学报, 2010,33(3):13-18.
[18]	杨思存, 霍琳, 王建成 . 秸秆还田的生化他感效应研究初报. 西北农业学报, 2005,14(1):52-56.
[19]	Becker M, Ladha J K ,Ottow J C G . Nitrogen losses and lowland rice yield as affected by residue nitrogen release. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1994,58:1660-1665. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800060012x
[20]	Van Zwieten L, Kimber S, Morris S , et al. Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant and Soil, 2010,327:235-246. doi: 10.1007/s11104-009-0050-x
[21]	Chan K Y, Van Zwieten L, Meszaros I , et al. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 2007,45:629-634. doi: 10.1071/SR07109
[22]	Genesio L, Miglietta F, Lugato E , et al. Surface albedo following biochar application in durum wheat. Environmental Research Letters, 2012,7:1-8.
[23]	Kammann C I, Linsel S, Johannes W G , et al. Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and on soil-plant relations. Plant Soil, 2011,345:195-210. doi: 10.1007/s11104-011-0771-5
[24]	Chan K, Van Zwieten L, Meszaros I , et al. Using poultry litter biochars as soil amendments. Soil Research, 2008,46(5):437-444. doi: 10.1071/SR08036
[25]	Dempster D N, Jones D L, Murphy D V . Clay and biochar amendments decreased inorganic but not dissolved organic nitrogen leaching in soil. Soil Research, 2012,50:216-221. doi: 10.1071/SR11316
[26]	Dempster D N, Gleeson D B, Solaiman Z M , et al. Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with Eucalyptus biochar addition to a coarse textured soil. Plant Soil, 2012,354:311-324. doi: 10.1007/s11104-011-1067-5
[27]	Taghizadeh-Toosi A, Clough T J, Sherlock R R , et al. Biochar adsorbed ammonia is bioavailable. Plant Soil, 2012,350:57-69. doi: 10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3
[28]	潘玉才, 钱非凡, 黄卫红 , 等. 麦秸还田对水稻生长的影响. 上海农业学报, 2000,17(1):59-65.
[29]	杨长明, 杨林章 . 有机-无机肥配施对水稻剑叶光合特性的影响. 生态学杂志, 2003,22(1):1-4.
[30]	金鑫 . 秸秆还田对稻田土壤还原性物质和水稻生长的影响. 南京:南京农业大学, 2013.
[31]	Sorensen L H . Organic matter and microbial biomass in a soil ncubated in the field for 20 years with ¹⁴C-labelled barley straw . Soil Biology Biochemistry, 1987,19:39-42. doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(87)90123-4
[32]	刘世平, 聂新涛, 张洪程 , 等. 稻麦两熟条件下不同土壤耕作方式与秸秆还田效用分析. 农业工程学报, 2006,22(1):48-51.
[33]	詹其厚, 段建南, 贾宁凤 , 等. 长期施肥对黄土丘陵区土壤理化性质的影响. 水土保持学报, 2006,20(4):82-89.
[34]	刘玉学 . 生物质炭输入对土壤氮素流失及温室气体排放特性的影响. 杭州:浙江大学, 2011.
[35]	陈盈, 张满利, 刘宪平 , 等. 生物炭对水稻齐穗期叶绿素荧光参数及产量构成的影响. 作物杂志, 2016(3):94-98.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

材料Material	比表面积(m²/g) Specific surface area	总孔体积(cm³/g) Total pore volume	平均孔直径(nm) Average pore diameter	pH	碳C (mg/g)	氮N (mg/g)	硫S (mg/g)	钠Na (mg/g)	镁Mg (mg/g)	钾K (mg/g)
秸秆Straw	1.0161	0.0067	26.38	5.84	384.63	13.63	3.32	1.18	2.50	14.47
秸秆炭Straw derived biochar	3.3505	0.0093	11.10	9.04	566.11	13.60	5.69	84.40	2.87	10.36

氮水平 Nitrogen level	处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	齐穗期 Heading stage	灌浆期 Grain filling stage	成熟期 Ripening stage
N	CK	15.13±2.85aAB	37.92±5.02aA	52.34±7.75aA	69.89±14.28bAB	82.98±1.36bB
	S	17.28±1.33aA	31.15±3.05abAB	58.06±4.37aA	83.78±1.91aA	89.97±2.45aAB
	B	15.67±3.16aA	32.58±7.14abAB	54.67±1.09aA	78.23±2.67abA	92.58±4.44aA
N0	CK	9.35±0.68bC	25.65±2.80bcB	32.08±0.60bB	42.99±4.41cC	62.96±2.44cC
	S	6.69±1.92bC	23.32±2.66cB	33.83±3.86bB	50.86±6.33cBC	60.83±2.14cC
	B	10.05±0.79bBC	27.33±3.09bcB	38.12±4.64bB	55.93±4.28cBC	65.02±2.19cC

因子 Factor		地上部干物质量 Dry matter weight of above-ground	地上部氮含量 N content of above-ground
N	N	88.51±5.04	280.81±22.66
	N0	62.94±2.67	143.92±7.27
R	CK	72.97±11.10	206.80±68.46
	S	75.40±16.09	200.51±71.65
	B	78.80±15.42	229.79±85.90
N		**	**
R		*	**
N×R		*	*

氮水平 Nitrogen level	处理 Treatment	茎 Stem	鞘 Sheath	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle
N	CK	30.43a	41.64b	50.91b	145.54b
	S	31.19a	24.15c	44.84b	165.56a
	B	28.25b	51.98a	62.86a	165.09a
N0	CK	12.36d	11.32d	22.77c	98.62c
	S	16.12c	11.33d	20.46c	87.37d
	B	15.16c	13.17d	26.15c	96.93c