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作物杂志,2018, 第1期: 88–95 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.01.014

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

开顶式气室对冬小麦的生长及产量的影响

曹嘉晨1,2,郑有飞1,3,赵辉3,徐静馨3   

  1. 1 南京信息工程大学江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,210044,江苏南京
    2 南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,210044,江苏南京
    3 南京信息工程大学大气物理学院,210044,江苏南京
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-22 修回日期:2017-12-20 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-08-24
  • 作者简介:曹嘉晨,硕士研究生,研究方向为环境气象
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(41475108)

Influence of Open-Top Chamber on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

Cao Jiachen1,2,Zheng Youfei1,3,Zhao Hui3,Xu Jingxin3   

  1. 1 Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
    2 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China;
    3 School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China;
  • Received:2017-08-22 Revised:2017-12-20 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-08-24

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摘要：

开顶式气室（open-top chamber,OTC）通常是用来研究气候变化对农业生产的影响,为了探明开顶式气室内外冬小麦生长和产量的差异,分析了OTC内外气象因子（温度、相对湿度、饱和水汽压差和太阳辐射）的变化,测定了OTC内（CK组）和OTC外（AA组）冬小麦（扬麦13）在不同生育期的株高、叶面积、干物质、生长参数及产量指标。结果表明,OTC内温度、相对湿度和饱和水汽压差高于OTC外,而光合有效辐射低于OTC外。此外,OTC对冬小麦的株高、叶面积、生物量和产量都会造成不同程度的影响。与AA组相比,OTC对冬小麦的株高具有抑制作用,但是在生育后期对叶面积有促进作用。在冬小麦整个生育期,OTC对冬小麦叶干重、茎干重都表现出明显的负效应,但是对根干重具有促进作用。CK组穗的干物质累积低于AA组。OTC内的冬小麦穗重、单株粒数、单株粒重和千粒重都低于OTC外,导致OTC内冬小麦产量降低。

关键词: 开顶式气室（OTC）, 冬小麦, 生长, 产量

Abstract:

In order to find out the difference in the growth and yield of winter wheat between inside and outside the open-top chamber (OTC), this paper analyzed the difference of meteorological factors inside and outside OTC and measured the plant height, leaf area, dry matter, growth parameter and yield index of winter wheat (Yangmai 13) inside OTC (CK) and outside OTC(AA) at different growth stages. The results showed that the temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure in OTC were higher than those ouside of the chamber, and the photosynthetically active radiation was lower than that ouside of the chamber. In addition, OTC had different effects on plant height, leaf area, biomass and yield of winter wheat. Compared with AA group, OTC had an inhibitory effect on the plant height, but promoted the leaf area at the later stage during the growth period. OTC had a significant negative effect on dry weight and stem weight during the whole growth period, but it could promote the dry weight of roots. The dry matter accumulation of CK was lower than that of AA. The spike weight, grain number per plant,grain weight per plant and 1000-grain weight inside OTC were lower than those outside OTC, which resulted in the decrease of winter wheat yield inside OTC. In general, OTC had an inhibitory effect on winter wheat growth.

Key words: Open-top chamber, Winter wheat, Growth, Yield

图1

开顶式气室的设计"

图2

OTC内外气象因子的逐日变化"

图3

OTC内外气象因子的变化"

表1

各生育期OTC内外冬小麦株高的差异"

处理Treatment 拔节期Jointing 孕穗期Booting 抽穗期Heading 扬花1期1st blooming 扬花2期2nd blooming 灌浆期Filling 乳熟期Milking
AA 65.13 72.83 84.77 86.07 86.27 92.47 88.70
CK 63.60 69.87 82.10 85.13 86.13 90.60 84.40

表2

各生育期OTC内外冬小麦叶面积的差异"

处理Treatment 拔节期Jointing 孕穗期Booting 抽穗期Heading 扬花1期1st blooming 扬花2期2nd blooming 灌浆期Filling 乳熟期Milking
AA 25.182 32.310 33.826 35.067 36.117 32.7791 26.251
CK 21.761 28.893 30.831 30.937 33.793 33.241 29.4611

表3

各生育期OTC内外冬小麦各部分单株干重的差异"

器官
Organ		 处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Jointing		 孕穗期
Booting		 抽穗期
Heading		 扬花1期
1st blooming		 扬花2期
2nd blooming		 灌浆期
Filling		 乳熟期
Milking
叶 Leaf AA 0.340 0.470 0.513 0.543 0.433 0.403 0.343
CK 0.300 0.353 0.460 0.490 0.390 0.343 0.270
茎Stem AA 0.430 1.013 1.123 1.767 2.370 1.910 1.616
CK 0.380 0.506 0.927 1.457 1.487 1.397 1.250
根Root AA 0.123 0.150 0.070 1.433 1.187 0.110 0.146
CK 0.107 0.047 0.103 0.080 0.093 0.077 0.106
穗Spike AA 0.167 0.323 0.550 1.157 1.747 2.253
CK 0.110 0.316 0.447 0.873 1.323 1.893

表4

各生育期内OTC内外冬小麦不同器官干物质分配指数的比较"

器官
Organ		 处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Jointing		 孕穗期
Booting		 抽穗期
Heading		 扬花1期
1st blooming		 扬花2期
2nd blooming		 灌浆期
Filling		 乳熟期
Milking
根Root AA 0.138a 0.083a 0.034b 0.048a 0.044a 0.026a 0.033a
CK 0.136a 0.046b 0.057a 0.032b 0.033b 0.024a 0.030a
茎Stem AA 0.481a 0.553a 0.563a 0.583a 0.572a 0.458a 0.371a
CK 0.483a 0.498b 0.513b 0.589a 0.523b 0.446a 0.355a
叶Leaf AA 0.381a 0.261b 0.254a 0.183b 0.105b 0.097a 0.079a
CK 0.381a 0.348a 0.255a 0.198a 0.137a 0.109a 0.077a
穗Spike AA 0a 0.093b 0.159b 0.186a 0.279a 0.419a 0.517b
CK 0a 0.108a 0.175a 0.181b 0.307a 0.421a 0.538a

表5

OTC内外冬小麦产量的差异"

处理
Treatment		 穗重(g)
Spike weight		 穗粒数
Seeds per spike		 有效穗数(个)
Number of productive spike		 千粒重(g)
1000-seed weight		 空秕率(%)
Empty-unfilled grain rate		 产量(g/m2)
Yield
AA 3.74a 52.70a 506a 47.7a 0.98a 1 271.9a
CK 2.68a 49.24a 481b 39.3b 3.26b 930.8b

表6

OTC内外冬小麦气孔导度随生育期的变化"

处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Jointing		 孕穗期
Booting		 抽穗期
Heading		 扬花1期
1st blooming		 扬花2期
2nd blooming		 扬花3期
3rd blooming		 灌浆期
Filling		 乳熟期
Milking
AA 132.57 217.48 197.1 168.78 243.04 202.48 257.48 210.12
CK 110.45 184.22 158.63 149.18 165.64 161.88 227.68 183.36
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