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作物杂志,2021, 第4期: 144–151 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2021.04.022

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

铁、镉及其互作对水稻光合原初反应的影响

杨磊(), 金延迪, 刘侯俊()   

  1. 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,110866,辽宁沈阳
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-14 修回日期:2020-11-13 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2021-08-13
  • 通讯作者: 刘侯俊
  • 作者简介:杨磊,从事植物营养生理研究,E-mail：1026542765@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200200);辽宁省自然科学基金(2020-MS-200)

Effects of Iron, Cadmium and Their Interaction on the Primary Reaction of Photosynthesis in Rice

Yang Lei(), Jin Yandi, Liu Houjun()   

  1. College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2020-08-14 Revised:2020-11-13 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-08-13
  • Contact: Liu Houjun

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摘要：

铁（Fe）在植物光合作用中发挥着重要作用,而镉（Cd）则对光合作用产生多方面的干扰。叶绿素荧光能够反映光合系统活性及电子传递效率。研究Fe、Cd及其交互作用对光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,揭示水稻光合原初反应对Fe、Cd处理的响应及其机制。采用土培盆栽方式,研究0（Fe0）、1.0（Fe1）和2.0g/kg（Fe2）3个Fe浓度以及0（Cd0）和2.0mg/kg（Cd2）2个Cd浓度处理下水稻光合作用参数、叶绿素荧光参数和即时荧光动力学曲线（OJIP）的变化规律。结果表明,水稻生长前期Fe1处理光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）及叶绿素荧光强度提高,而Fe2和Cd2处理均降低。水稻生长后期Fe1和Fe2处理均有利于维持较高的Pn、Ci、Gs及叶绿素荧光强度,但Cd对这些指标表现为抑制作用。水稻生长前期,Fe、Cd均提高最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）,生长后期Fe0Cd2或Fe2Cd2处理Fv/Fm却显著降低。Fe1处理不仅对水稻光合作用具有明显促进作用,还能缓解Cd对光合作用的干扰,而Fe2处理显著抑制光合作用,降低水稻干物质累积。Cd2处理导致光合作用下降,同时扰乱Fe在光合作用中的生理功能。因此,稻田土壤中施用适量的铁肥有利于促进水稻光合作用,降低Cd毒害。

关键词: 铁, 镉, 水稻, 光合原初反应, 叶绿素荧光

Abstract:

Iron (Fe) plays an important role in plant photosynthesis, while cadmium (Cd) causes various interferes in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll fluorescence reflects photosynthetic efficiency and electron transfer characteristics. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of Fe, Cd and their interactions on photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll fluorescence in rice. The pot experiment was designed to investigate photosynthetic indexes, chlorophyll fluorescence indexes, and OJIP curve under different Fe and Cd supplements in soil. The rate of Fe addition was 0 (Fe0), 1.0 (Fe1) and 2.0g/kg (Fe2), while Cd was 0 (Cd0) and 2.0mg/kg (Cd2). The results showed that Fe1 treatment increased photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and fluorescence intensity at the early stage, while Fe2 and Cd2 decreased these indexes. At the late stages (after the booting stage), Fe1 and Fe2 were beneficial for rice to keep high Pn, Gs, Ci and chlorophyll fluorescence intensity but Cd2 still decreased these indexes. Fe or Cd increased the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) at the early stages, while at the late stages, Cd alone or Cd and high Fe together significantly decreased Fv/Fm. Fe1 significantly promoted the photosynthesis of rice and alleviated the interference of Cd on photosynthesis, while Fe2 significantly inhibited photosynthesis and reduced dry matter accumulation in rice. Cd2 decreased photosynthesis and disturbed the physiological function of Fe during photosynthesis. Therefore, proper application of Fe fertilizer can promote the photosynthesis of rice and reduce Cd toxicity.

Key words: Iron, Cadmium, Rice, Primary reaction of photosynthesis, Chlorophyll fluorescence

图1

收获期不同Fe、Cd处理水稻籽粒和茎叶干重 不同小写字母表示同一Cd水平下,不同Fe处理之间具有显著性差异（P<0.05）

图2

水稻不同生育期叶片Pn,Ci,SPAD值和Gs

表1

水稻不同生育期叶片Pn、Ci、SPAD值和Gs方差分析

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 分蘖期
Tillering stage		 拔节期
Jointing stage		 孕穗期
Booting stage		 扬花期
Flowering stage		 蜡熟期
Ripening stage
Pn Cd * ** ns * **
Fe ** ** ns * **
Cd×Fe ns ns * ns *
Ci Cd ns ** ns ns ns
Fe ** ** * ** **
Cd×Fe ns ** ns ** **
SPAD值SPAD value Cd ns ** ns ns ns
Fe ** ** ** ** **
Cd×Fe ns ns ns ns ns
Gs Cd ** ** ns ns **
Fe ** ** ns ** **
Cd×Fe ns ** ns ns ns

图3

不同生育期水稻叶片Fv/Fm、PI、Fo和Fm

表2

水稻不同生育期叶片Fv/Fm、PI、Fo和Fm方差分析

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 分蘖期
Tillering		 拔节期
Jointing		 孕穗期
Booting		 扬花期
Flowering		 蜡熟期
Ripening
Cd ns ns * ns ns
Fv/Fm Fe * ns ns ns ns
Cd×Fe ** ns ns ns ns
PI Cd ns ns ns ns ns
Fe ** ** ns ** **
Cd×Fe ** ns ns ns ns
Fo Cd ns ns ns ns ns
Fe ** ** ns ns **
Cd×Fe ns ns ns ** ns
Fm Cd ns ns ** ns ns
Fe * * * ** **
Cd×Fe * ns ns ns *

图4

不同生育期水稻叶片叶绿素即时荧光动力学曲线 O、J、I、P分别表示光照后10~15μs、2ms、30ms和0.3~2000ms时的荧光信号,下同

图5

不同生育期水稻叶片叶绿素相对荧光差值曲线

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