玉米亚油酸合成相关基因的挖掘及转录调控机制研究

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.05.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 亚油酸作为不饱和脂肪酸，对人体健康至关重要。以自主育成的高亚油酸玉米自交系YM-2和普通玉米自交系昌7-2为试验材料进行转录组学分析，挖掘玉米亚油酸生物合成相关候选基因和关键通路。结果表明，2个比较组共鉴定到6505个差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes，DEGs），其中3381个基因上调表达，3124个基因下调表达。KEGG富集分析表明，DEGs被显著富集在亚油酸代谢（Zma00591）和脂肪酸延长（Zma00062）等代谢途径中。其中，亚油酸9S-脂氧合酶（EC:1.13.11.58）、亚油酸13S-脂氧合酶（EC:1.13.11.12）、3-酮脂酰-CoA合酶（EC:2.3.1.199）和17β-雌二醇17-脱氢酶/极长链3-氧代酰基辅酶A还原酶（EC:1.1.1.62/ 1.1.1.330）表达下调，相关候选基因LOX1、LOX3、LOX6、LOX10、LOX12、TS1、LOC103642039和LOC103646607可能与亚油酸的合成直接相关。为验证RNA-seq数据的准确性，选取在2份材料中表达模式相反的4个基因进行qRT-PCR验证，发现基因表达量的变化趋势与转录组测序结果一致。本研究挖掘玉米亚油酸生物合成的相关基因和代谢通路，为深入解析玉米高亚油酸的分子调控机制提供参考，也为高油酸农作物的分子育种奠定基础。

关键词: 玉米, 亚油酸, 转录组测序, 差异表达基因, 代谢途径

Abstract:

Linoleic acid, as an unsaturated fatty acid, is essential for human health. Transcriptome analysis was carried out using self-bred high linoleic acid maize inbred line YM-2 and common maize inbred line Chang 7-2 as materials to explore candidate genes and key pathways related to linoleic acid biosynthesis in maize. The results showed that a total of 6505 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the two comparison groups, of which 3381 were up-regulated and 3124 were down-regulated. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism (Zma00591) and fatty acid elongation (Zma00062). Among them, linoleic acid 9S-lipoxygenase (EC:1.13.11.58), linoleic acid 13S-lipoxygenase (EC:1.13.11.12), 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (EC:2.3.1.199) and 17β-estradiol 17-dehydrogenase/ very long chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase (EC:1.1.1.62/ 1.1.1.330) were down-regulated, and related candidate genes LOX1, LOX3, LOX6, LOX10, LOX12, TS1, LOC103642039, and LOC103646607 may be directly related to the synthesis of linoleic acid. In order to verify the accuracy of RNA-seq data, we selected four genes with opposite expression patterns in the two materials for qRT-PCR verification, and found that the trend of gene expression was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This study explored the genes and metabolic pathways related to linoleic acid biosynthesis in maize, which provided a reference for further analysis of the molecular regulation mechanism of high linoleic acid in maize, and also laid a foundation for molecular breeding of high oleic acid crops.

Key words: Maize, Linoleic acid, Transcriptome sequencing, Differentially expressed genes, Metabolic pathway

杨珂, 赖上坤, 金倩, 王卫军, 丁翊东, 刘晓飞. 玉米亚油酸合成相关基因的挖掘及转录调控机制研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2025 (5): 102–112

Yang Ke, Lai Shangkun, Jin Qian, Wang Weijun, Ding Yidong, Liu Xiaofei. Study on the Mining and Transcriptional Regulation Mechanism of Genes Related to Linoleic Acid Synthesis in Maize[J]. Crops, 2025(5): 102–112

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基因Gene	上游引物序列Upstream primer sequence	下游引物序列Downstream primer sequence
LOX3	AGATGCAGGCCGTGTC	GGAGTGCTTGGAGAGG
LOX10	AACGAGCACCACAAGGAGG	TCGGACGGCAGGTATGACT
TS1	ACGGGAAGAACGAGAT	CCGCAGCCAAGCAAAC
LOC103642039	GTCGTGCCTCGCCTGCTC	TGATTCCGCCTGTCCGTA

基因 Gene	基因描述 Gene description	Log₂FC	q值 q-value	上调/下调 Up/down regulation	KEGG通路 KEGG pathway
LOX3	推测为亚油酸9S-脂氧合酶3	-4.4152	3.50E-09	下调	亚油酸代谢 (Zma00591)
LOX10	脂氧合酶2.3，叶绿体	1.0281	9.57E-07	上调
TS1	推测为脂氧合酶5	-2.2305	6.19E-24	下调
LOC103642039	可能为脂氧合酶8，叶绿体	1.2154	9.90E-06	上调