种植方式对寒地粳稻生育期、产量和温度利用的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.05.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以龙粳21号和龙稻5号为试验材料,比较研究旱直播、湿润直播和插秧栽培对寒地粳稻生育期、温度利用和产量特性的影响。结果表明,与插秧稻相比,旱直播稻和湿润直播稻的全生育期缩短,生育时期推迟,直播稻生育期缩短主要是营养生长期缩短所致;不同栽培方式水稻对温度资源的利用存在较大差异,全生育期积温表现为湿润直播<旱直播<插秧栽培,直播栽培拔节前对温度资源利用减少,拔节期至成熟期与插秧栽培差异较小;不同种植方式水稻产量和结实率差异未达显著水平,但千粒重、穗数和穗粒数的差异达到了极显著水平,旱直播和湿润直播的穗数或千粒重较插秧栽培有显著增加,穗粒数却有显著降低。发挥小穗、多穗的产量构成优势,利于实现寒地直播稻的稳产和高产。

关键词: 寒地, 粳稻, 种植方式, 生育期, 产量特性, 温度利用

Abstract:

The rice varieties Longjing 21 and Longdao 5 were used as materials to research the effects of dry direct seeding, wet direct seeding and transplanting cultivation on growth, yield and temperature utilization of Japonica rice in cold region of China. The results revealed that the growth period of dry direct seeding and wet direct seeding were shortened and the growth stage was delayed compared with transplanting. The shorten growth period of direct seeding was mainly due to the shortening of vegetative growth period. Different cultivation methods had great difference in temperature utilization.The accumulated temperature during the whole growth period was shown as wet direct seeding < dry direct seeding < transplanting. The temperature utilization of direct seeding was decreased before jointing stage. There was little difference between direct seeding and transplanting from jointing stage to maturity stage. The difference of yield and seed setting rate between different planting methods was not significant, but the difference of grain weight, panicle number and grain number per panicle reached the extremely significant level. The panicle number and 1000-grain weight of direct seeding rice increased significantly, but the grain number per panicle was significantly decreased compared with transplanting. It is beneficial to realize stable and high yield of direct seeding rice in cold area of China by taking advantage of small and more panicle.

Key words: Cold area, Japonica rice, Planting method, Grows type, Yield, Utilization of temperature

张喜娟,来永才,孟英,张凤鸣,唐傲,董文军,冷春旭,刘猷红,王麒. 种植方式对寒地粳稻生育期、产量和温度利用的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017 (5): 124–128

Xijuan Zhang,Yongcai Lai,Ying Meng,Fengming Zhang,Ao Tang,Wenjun Dong,Chunxu Leng,Youhong Liu,Qi Wang. Effects of Planting Patterns on Growth, Yield and Temperature Utilization of Japonica Rice in Cold Region[J]. Crops, 2017(5): 124–128

图/表 4

表1

表2

表3

表4

参考文献 12

[1]	张文忠, 苏悦, 殷延勃 , 等. 北方水稻直播栽培的农艺问题与对策. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2012,43(6):699-703. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1700.2012.06.009
[2]	杨波, 徐大勇, 张洪程 . 直播、机插与手栽水稻生长发育、产量及稻米品质比较研究. 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2012,33(2):39-44.
[3]	程建平, 罗锡文, 樊启洲 , 等. 不同种植方式对水稻生育特性和产量的影响. 华中农业大学学报, 2010,29(1):1-5.
[4]	San-oh Y, Mano Y, Ookawa T , et al. Comparison of dry matter production and associated characteristics between direct-sown and transplanted rice plants in a submerged paddy field and relationships to planting patterns. Field Crops Research, 2004,87:43-58. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2003.09.004
[5]	邹应斌 . 水稻品种生育期的研究—1.水稻品种生育期变化类型及其特点.湖南农学院学报, 1983(3):1-11.
[6]	李秀芬, 贾燕, 黄元才 , 等. 播栽期对水稻产量和产量构成因素及生育期的影响. 生态学杂志, 2004,23(5):98-100.
[7]	李杰, 张洪程, 董洋阳 , 等. 不同生态区栽培方式对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011,44(13):2661-2672. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.13.004
[8]	杨联松, 孙明, 张培江 , 等. 温度、光照对80优121生育期及产量因素的影响. 安徽农业科学, 1998,26(1):10-11,14.
[9]	魏金连, 潘晓华 . 夜间温度升高对早稻生长发育及产量的影响. 江西农业大学学报, 2008,30(3):427-432. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2286.2008.03.009
[10]	汪本福 . 粳稻不同生育期类型品种产量形成特性与品质特征研究. 扬州:扬州大学, 2006.
[11]	Huang M, Zou Y B, Jiang P , et al. Yield component differences between direct-seeded and transplanted super hybrid rice. Plant Production Science, 2011,14(4):331-338. doi: 10.1626/pps.14.331
[12]	陈品, 陆建飞 . 长江中下游地区直播稻的生理生态特性及其栽培技术的研究进展. 核农学报, 2013,27(4):487-494.

相关文章 15

[1]	张丽丽,赵一洲,李鑫,毛艇,刘研,张战,倪善君,刘福才. ⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐照对不同粳稻品种后代稻米品质性状变异的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2018, (3): 51–56
[2]	杜志敏,杨宇尘,夏原野,宫彦龙,闫志强,徐海. 收获期对北方杂交粳稻和常规粳稻品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2018, (1): 147–151
[3]	萧长亮,解保胜,王安东,王士强,李春光,那永光. 氮和稀效唑调控对寒地水稻倒伏和产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017, (6): 96–103
[4]	郭丽颖,耿艳秋,金峰,宋微,邵玺文. 寒地水稻低温冷害防御栽培技术研究进展[J]. 作物杂志, 2017, (4): 7–14
[5]	王先俱,张城,庞秀,陈亚君,丁芬,邵国军,徐正进. 北方染败类型杂交粳稻高产制种机制研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2017, (3): 19–24
[6]	刘丽杰,张东向,金忠民,林立东,任艳波,赵婧佟,苍晶. 外源水杨酸对低温下寒地冬小麦细胞超微结构的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017, (3): 60–68
[7]	程海涛,马兆惠,刘桂林,曹萍,吕文彦. 北方粳稻品种（系）资源淀粉RVA谱特征与品质性状典型相关分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2017, (2): 59–66
[8]	郭建华,于崧,于立河,郭伟,薛盈文,金珊珊,梁海芸,段君君. 种植方式和密度对小豆产量及干物质积累的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017, (1): 113–118
[9]	徐锡明,张欣,施利利,崔晶,丁得亮,曲红岩,谷守贤,李永杰. 直链淀粉含量偏低型杂交粳稻组合的稻米品质评价[J]. 作物杂志, 2016, (6): 44–48
[10]	张坤,吕伟生,段里成,胡水秀,曾勇军,潘晓华,石庆华. 机插对晚稻栽后秧苗生长和生育期的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2016, (5): 112–118
[11]	全东兴,孟维韧,金成海,周广春. 海南生态条件对杂交粳稻BT型不育系开花习性的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2016, (1): 28–32
[12]	董立强,叶靖,王术,贾宝艳,黄元财,王岩. 播种量对北方寒地旱直播粳稻产量和光合特性的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2016, (1): 86–92
[13]	郭丽颖, 赵宏伟, 王敬国, 等. 粳稻单株产量及其构成因素的关联分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2015, (5): 25–30
[14]	王路路, 林艺, 姜磊, 等. 安徽淮北地区主栽大豆品种生育期组划分的研究初报[J]. 作物杂志, 2015, (2): 36–38
[15]	陈宾宾, 邹德堂, 张皓正, 等. 灌溉方式和氮肥用量对寒地粳稻子粒灌浆形成和产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2015, (1): 91–98

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

品种 Variety	种植方式 Cultivation method	出苗期 Emergence (月/日)	拔节期 Jointing (月/日)	齐穗期 Heading (月/日)	成熟期 Maturity (月/日)	全生育期Growth stage		出苗-拔节E-J		拔节-齐穗J-H		齐穗-成熟H-M
品种 Variety	种植方式 Cultivation method	出苗期 Emergence (月/日)	拔节期 Jointing (月/日)	齐穗期 Heading (月/日)	成熟期 Maturity (月/日)	天数(d) Days	减少天数(d) Days reducing	天数(d) Days	减少天数(d) Days reducing	天数(d) Days	减少天数(d) Days reducing	天数(d) Days	减少天数(d) Days reducing
龙粳21号	旱直播D	5/20	7/12	7/30	9/15	119	29	54	27	18	0	47	2
Longjing 21	湿润直播W	5/28	7/17	8/04	9/23	119	29	51	30	18	0	50	-1
	插秧栽培T	4/19	7/08	7/26	9/13	148	—	81	—	18	—	49	—
龙稻5号	旱直播D	5/22	7/20	8/06	9/28	130	23	60	24	17	2	53	-3
Longdao 5	湿润直播W	5/28	7/21	8/10	9/30	126	27	55	29	23	-4	51	-1
	插秧栽培T	4/19	7/11	7/30	9/18	153	—	84	—	19	—	50	—

品种 Variety	种植方式 Cultivation method	全生育期Growth stage		出苗-拔节E-J		拔节-齐穗J-H		齐穗-成熟H-M
品种 Variety	种植方式 Cultivation method	数值(℃) Value	利用率(%) Utilization efficiency	数值(℃) Value	利用率(%) Utilization efficiency	数值(℃) Value	利用率(%) Utilization efficiency	数值(℃) Value	利用率(%) Utilization efficiency
龙粳21号Longjing 21	旱直播D	2 582.53	87.77	1 123.68	79.28	425.93	92.99	1 032.92	94.48
	湿润直播W	2 572.62	87.43	1 088.16	76.77	454.81	99.29	1 029.65	94.18
	插秧栽培T	2 942.48	100.00	1 417.35	100.00	458.05	100.00	1 093.25	100.00
龙稻5号Longdao 5	旱直播D	2 733.81	89.99	1 260.66	84.10	430.18	90.03	1 042.97	96.72
	湿润直播W	2 660.62	87.58	1 212.60	80.89	472.30	98.85	1 002.32	92.95
	插秧栽培T	3 038.07	100.00	1 499.09	100.00	477.81	100.00	1 078.29	100.00

变异来源 Sources of variation	自由度 df	千粒重 1000-grain weight	结实率 Seed-setting rate	穗数 No. of panicles	穗粒数 No.of spikelets per panicle	产量 Yield	F_0.05	F_0.01
种植方式Cultivation methods	2.00	22.37^**	0.08	28.41^**	36.47^**	1.42	4.46	8.65
品种Variety	1.00	297.50^**	1.64	0.97	8.71^*	46.67^**	5.99	13.75
年份Years	1.00	9.33^*	3.16	4.62	13.84^**	0.13	5.99	13.75
种植方式×品种C×V	2.00	0.42	1.33	1.21	1.01	0.41	5.14	10.92
种植方式×年份C×Y	2.00	11.17^**	1.63	1.27	0.25	0.79	5.14	10.92

品种 Variety	年份 Years	种植方式 Cultivation methods	千粒重(g) 1000-grain weight	结实率(%) Seed-setting rate	穗数(穗/m²) No. of panicles	穗粒数 No.of spikelets per panicle	产量Yield (t/hm²)
龙粳21号Longjing 21	2015	旱直播D	29.62±0.16Aa	97.40±1.01Aa	613.33±41.63Aa	80.43±3.46Ab	7.77±0.31Aa
		湿润直播W	28.39±0.44Ab	97.17±1.29Aa	600.00±43.59Aab	83.83±4.03Aab	7.90±0.53Aa
		插秧栽培T	28.10±0.48Ab	96.98±1.68Aa	523.33±15.28Ab	92.40±5.99Aa	7.57±0.21Aa
	2016	旱直播D	28.93±0.62Aa	97.04±1.04Aa	602.54±21.92Aab	92.53±3.33ABb	8.30±0.72Aa
		湿润直播W	28.46±0.12Aab	94.99±2.46Aa	615.40±41.72Aa	87.67±1.17Bb	7.89±0.57Aa
		插秧栽培T	27.86±0.16Ab	97.00±0.37Aa	529.17±25.18Ab	98.67±1.17Aa	8.15±0.58Aa
龙稻5号Longdao 5	2015	旱直播D	26.09±0.81Aa	95.22±2.85Aa	626.67±20.82Aa	88.40±2.71Ab	9.30±0.31Aa
		湿润直播W	25.50±0.71Aa	97.12±0.69Aa	613.33±25.17Aa	87.03±4.42Ab	9.03±0.72Aa
		插秧栽培T	26.32±0.27Aa	97.43±0.68Aa	550.00±10.00Bb	100.60±6.99Aa	9.17±0.35Aa
	2016	旱直播D	27.43±0.59Aa	96.32±0.83Aa	615.36±48.03Aa	87.90±2.86Bb	9.33±0.25Aa
		湿润直播W	24.16±0.71Bb	95.97±2.11Aa	569.64±56.48Aa	91.07±2.06Bb	8.61±0.53Aa
		插秧栽培T	24.03±0.36Bb	94.73±0.89Aa	436.04±43.70Bb	102.3±2.33Aa	8.78±0.28Aa