二系杂交小麦群体结构与产量构成分析

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨二系杂交小麦的群体结构及产量形成特征,在大田环境下,以常规小麦为对照,对142份杂交小麦组合进行了群体茎蘖动态和产量构成要素比较。结果表明,杂交小麦增产优势明显,最高增产17.3%,增产组合占全部参试组合的27.5%;杂交小麦具有突出的分蘖成穗优势,分蘖高峰主要在越冬前。促进杂交小麦冬前分蘖有利于构建合理的群体;穗数和千粒重对杂交小麦产量形成贡献明显,进一步挖掘穗粒数潜力对扩充库容、实现更大幅度的增产具有重要意义。为进一步提高杂交小麦产量水平,在组合创制方面应重点选育库容量大、恢复结实性能好的杂交组合。

关键词: 二系杂交小麦, 群体结构, 产量构成

Abstract:

In order to study the population structure and yield formation characteristics of two-line hybrid wheat, a comparison of 142 hybrid wheat combinations on dynamics of plant population quantity and yield components was conducted under field condition using common wheat as the control. The results showed that two-line hybrid wheat yield showed obvious advantages and could increase the yield by as much as 17.3%, the percentage of increased combinations compared to all of the tested combinations was 27.5%. Hybrid wheat had a prominent advantage of tillering and the tillering peak mainly occurred before wintering, and it was helpful to construct a reasonable population basis by promoting the tillering of hybrid wheat before winter. Since spike number and 1000-grain weight contributed significantly to the yield, it was important to further tap the potential of spike number to expand sink capacity and to realize more significant increase. In order to further improve the yield of hybrid wheat, we should focus on the combination selection with good characteristics of higher sink capacity and stronger recoverability.

Key words: Two-line hybrid wheat, Population structure, Yield formation

张胜全,陈兆波,王拯,任立平,高新欢,叶志杰,张风廷. 二系杂交小麦群体结构与产量构成分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2017 (6): 45–49

Shengquan Zhang,Zhaobo Chen,Zheng Wang,Liping Ren,Xinhuan Gao,Zhijie Ye,Fengting Zhang. Analysis of Population Structure and Yield Formation in Two-Line Hybrid Wheat[J]. Crops, 2017(6): 45–49

图/表 4

表1

142份参试杂交组合较京411的增产率"

组合Combination	增产率Growth rate	组合Combination	增产率Growth rate	组合Combination	增产率 Growth rate	组合 Combination	增产率 Growth rate	组合Combination	增产率 Growth rate
BH4096	17.3	BH4049	2.4	BH4069	-5.6	BH3621	-10.8	BH1271	-19.1
BH4073	15.0	BH4514	2.4	BH1558	-5.7	BH6015	-11.4	BH528	-19.1
BH1273	14.4	BH6058	2.2	BH9N12	-6.1	BH4042	-11.5	BH28G	-19.2
BH36Y68	13.3	BH6069	1.9	BH1207	-6.4	BH4521	-11.5	BH6001	-20.1
BH3680	12.8	BH9369	1.7	BH14Y2	-6.5	BH40GL	-11.9	BH2821	-20.1
BH4007	12.2	BH4058	0.6	BH4086	-6.7	BH5211	-11.9	BH6064	-20.3
BH1710	12.0	BH12C9	0.6	BH4089	-6.8	BH3664	-12.5	BH6012	-20.9
BHLF58	11.5	BH6073	0.5	BH4614	-6.8	BH1259	-12.6	BH1212	-20.9
BH1299	11.1	BH12S5	0.2	BH1764	-7.1	BH1073	-12.8	BH3612	-22.3
BH4568	11.0	BH9312	-0.3	BH4028	-7.6	BH6010	-13.0	BH4008	-22.6
BH6096	10.4	BH3607	-0.6	BH4011	-7.8	BH1499	-14.4	BH4020	-22.8
BH6188	10.0	BH4512	-0.6	BH3608	-7.9	BH1715	-14.5	BH4021	-23.4
BH9342	8.6	BH1896	-1.2	BH9M20	-7.9	BH1211	-14.7	BH6008	-24.5
BH4569	8.6	BH6061	-1.3	BH3615	-8.1	BH4091	-14.8	BH1232	-25.0
BHLF69	8.1	BH4068	-1.4	BH6029	-8.1	BH6412	-15.0	BH1241	-25.2
BH1214	7.5	BH12101	-1.4	BH6420	-8.2	BH5249	-15.4	BHL12	-25.5
BH1215	6.7	BH3682	-1.7	BH1720	-8.3	BH4015	-15.5	BH1257	-26.7
BH1249	6.7	BH12F3	-2.0	BH12H8	-8.5	BH4088	-16.1	BH2059	-27.1
BH4064	6.3	BH6421	-2.5	BHL21	-8.7	BH403	-16.1	BH2058	-30.1
BH12DS	6.0	BH1213	-2.7	BH6014	-9.2	BH20G	-16.2	BH5208	-30.8
BH1288	5.9	BH9301	-2.8	BH1204	-9.4	BH1722	-16.6	BH2820	-32.1
BH2549	5.9	BHLG	-2.8	BH1252	-9.7	BH3658	-16.9	BH4012	-32.4
BH4061	5.7	BH12Y3	-3.2	BH6021	-10.0	BH2569	-17.0
BH9310	4.6	BH4001	-3.4	BH1711	-10.0	BH2520	-17.0
BH60FY	4.5	BH6007	-3.4	BHL59	-10.0	BH1411	-17.0
BH1788	4.4	BH1410	-4.7	BH5229	-10.1	BH17G	-17.2
BH4013	4.1	BH4071	-5.0	BH66G	-10.3	BH15G	-17.3
BH1264	4.1	BH6020	-5.0	BH1758	-10.3	BH4010	-17.4
BH60GL	3.8	BH6011	-5.0	BH40G	-10.5	BH1701	-17.6
BH1221	2.6	BH4572	-5.6	BH6088	-10.7	BH1026	-18.7

表1

表2

表3

表4

参考文献 13

[1]	赵昌平 . 中国杂交小麦研究现状与趋势. 中国农业科技导报, 2010,12(2):5-8.
[2]	李生荣, 陶军, 杜小英 , 等. 强优势小麦杂交种“绵杂麦168”选育研究.农学学报, 2011(9):26-29. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7774.2011.09.006
[3]	蒋纪芸, 冯佰利, 张保军 , 等. 杂种小麦生育规律的研究. 西北农业学报, 1993,1(3):31-36.
[4]	王树安, 王纪华, 梁振兴 . 杂种小麦源库基本特性的研究. 作物学报, 1994,20(4):426-431.
[5]	张爱民, 孙其信 . 杂种小麦产量优势与产量因素优势的关系. 作物学报, 1993,19(1):94-96.
[6]	孙其信, 郭玉响 . T型杂种小麦优势表现的形态及遗传基础. 北京农业大学学报, 1985,11(4):65-73.
[7]	李万昌, 刘曙东 . 强优势杂交小麦产量结构优势间关系的研究. 麦类作物学报, 2002,22(3):1-6. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2002.03.060
[8]	蒲宗君, 刘仲齐, 饶世达 , 等. 杂种小麦与常规小麦产量性状改良的比较分析. 麦类作物学报, 2001,21(4):15-17. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2001.04.092
[9]	齐志广 . 杂交小麦产量构成因素分析. 河北师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2005,29(4):399-403. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5854.2005.04.021
[10]	周强, 李生荣, 陶军 , 等. 两系杂交小麦品种绵杂麦168高产优质高效栽培技术初探.作物杂志, 2010(4):111-117. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7283.2010.04.033
[11]	张慧成, 袁虎林, 张改生 , 等. 小麦杂交种西杂1号的特征特性及栽培技术.作物杂志, 2002(6):42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7283.2002.06.020
[12]	张胜全, 赵昌平 . 春季限水灌溉对杂交小麦产量形成的影响研究. 2013年中国作物学会学术年会论文摘要集, 2013: 163.
[13]	张胜全 . 群体调控对杂交小麦源库关系影响研究. 第十七次全国小麦栽培科学学术研讨会论文集, 2016: 221-222.

相关文章 15

[1]	张瑞栋曹雄岳忠孝梁晓红刘静黄敏佳. 氮肥和密度对高粱产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2018, (5): 110–115
[2]	安霞张海军蒋方山吕连杰陈军. 播期播量对不同穗型冬小麦群体及子粒产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2018, (5): 132–136
[3]	王洁,曾波,雷财林,赵志超,王久林,程治军. 北方国家水稻区域试验近15年参试品种分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2018, (1): 71–76
[4]	吴芸紫,段门俊,刘章勇,陈阜,金涛. 播种期对3个再生稻品种产量及产量构成因子的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017, (2): 151–156
[5]	穆婷婷,杜慧玲,景小兰,李志华,郭琦,田岗,李会霞,刘璋. 外源硒对谷子产量因子及硒含量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017, (1): 73–78
[6]	陈盈,张满利,刘宪平,代贵金,侯守贵. 生物炭对水稻齐穗期叶绿素荧光参数及产量构成的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2016, (3): 94–98
[7]	高小丽. 施磷对豌豆产量及其构成因素的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2016, (1): 125–128
[8]	孟祥浩,张玉梅,薛远赛,刘义国,张洪生,林琪,穆平. 滨海盐碱地条件下不同小麦品种（系）花后旗叶可溶性物质、灌浆速率及产量因素的分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2016, (1): 135–139
[9]	郭丽颖, 赵宏伟, 王敬国, 等. 粳稻单株产量及其构成因素的关联分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2015, (5): 25–30
[10]	石玲艳, 侯建华, 张永虎, 等. 基于sRAP标记的玉米自交系遗传多样性与群体结构分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2015, (3): 57–63
[11]	刘伟, 刘景辉, 萨如拉, 等. 腐植酸水溶肥料对燕麦生长和产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2013, (6): 87–90
[12]	王新兵, 侯海鹏, 马玮, 等. 不同生态区种植密度对大豆产量及产量构成的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2013, (5): 114–120
[13]	郝洪波, 崔海英, 李明哲, 等. 免耕对谷子生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2013, (5): 104–108
[14]	陈小龙, 孙占波, 李前荣, 唐建, 曹彦龙, 吴立国, 伍昌, 张振锁, 季英, 陶媛. 种植密度对宁夏春小麦新品种(系)群体结构及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2013, (3): 99–102
[15]	解松峰, 谢世学, 张百忍, 等. 秦巴山区玉米杂交组合主要性状与产量间的灰色关联度分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2012, (1): 52–57

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

组合Combination	基本苗数(×10⁶/hm²) Basic seedling number	茎数Tiller number (×10⁶/hm²)				成穗率(%) Reproductive ear percentage
组合Combination	基本苗数(×10⁶/hm²) Basic seedling number	冬前 Overwinter	返青期 Regreening	起身期 Raising	成熟期 Maturity	成穗率(%) Reproductive ear percentage
增产率≥15% Growth rate≥15%	3.270a	12.945a	11.610a	14.385a	6.960a	48.4a
10%≤增产率<15% 10%≤growth rate<15%	3.270a	11.175b	10.485a	13.425a	5.985ab	44.6a
5%≤增产率<10% 5%≤growth rate<10%	3.375a	11.385b	10.515a	13.320a	5.805b	43.6a
增产率>0 Growth rate>0	3.435a	11.505b	10.695a	13.110a	5.700b	43.5a
全部组合平均Average of all combinations	3.525a	11.370b	9.975a	12.315b	5.475c	44.5a
京411(CK) Jin 411(control)	3.465a	10.665b	10.575a	14.325a	5.625b	39.3b

组合Combination	成穗数 Spike number (×10⁶/hm²)	小穗数 Spikelet number	穗粒数 Grain number per spikelet	库容量 Sink capacity (×10⁶/hm²)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	子粒产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)
增产率≥15% Growth rate≥15%	6.960a	19.1a	30.4a	211.6a	43.2a	7 378.5a
10%≤增产率<15% 10%≤growth rate<15%	5.985b	19.1a	30.9a	184.9b	43.5a	7 080.0a
5%≤增产率<10% 5%≤growth rate<10%	5.805b	19.2a	31.7a	184.0b	44.3a	6 910.5b
增产率>0 Growth rate>0	5.730bc	19.1a	31.7a	181.6b	44.4a	6 721.5b
全部组合平均Average of all combinations	5.475c	19.1a	32.1a	175.7b	43.4a	5 839.5c
京411(CK) Jin 411(control)	5.625c	18.9a	30.2a	169.9b	39.3b	6 288.0c

项目Item	穗粒数Grain number per panicle	千粒重1000-grain weight	子粒产量Grain yield
成穗数Spike number	0.4828	0.7057	0.9323
穗粒数Grain number per panicle		0.8151	0.7616
千粒重1000-grain weight			0.8821