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作物杂志,2020, 第3期: 7–15 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.03.002

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

抗旱基因在小麦抗旱基因工程中的应用进展

段俊枝1, 齐学礼2, 冯丽丽1, 张会芳1, 孙岩1, 燕照玲1, 陈海燕1, 齐红志1, 樊文杰1, 杨翠苹1, 刘毓侠1, 任银玲1, 张甲源1, 李莹3(), 卓文飞1()   

  1. 1河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所,450002,河南郑州
    2河南省农业科学院小麦研究所,450002,河南郑州
    3《河南农业大学学报》编辑部,450002,河南郑州
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-28 修回日期:2019-12-26 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 李莹,卓文飞 E-mail:liying1233@163.com;kjcankao@126.com
  • 作者简介:段俊枝,研究方向为作物遗传育种,E-mail: junzhi2004@163.com|齐学礼为共同第一作者,研究方向为作物遗传育种,E-mail: xueliqi888@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金(2019YQ29);国家自然科学基金(31701510);国家转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2016ZX08002005-004)

Progress on Application of Drought Tolerance Genes in Wheat Drought Tolerance Genetic Engineering

Duan Junzhi1, Qi Xueli2, Feng Lili1, Zhang Huifang1, Sun Yan1, Yan Zhaoling1, Chen Haiyan1, Qi Hongzhi1, Fan Wenjie1, Yang Cuiping1, Liu Yuxia1, Ren Yinling1, Zhang Jiayuan1, Li Ying3(), Zhuo Wenfei1()   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Economy and Information, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    2Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    3Editorial Department of Journal of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2019-10-28 Revised:2019-12-26 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-10
  • Contact: Ying Li,Wenfei Zhuo E-mail:liying1233@163.com;kjcankao@126.com

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摘要：

干旱严重影响小麦的生长发育及产量,小麦抗旱育种是保障小麦生产的重要措施,利用基因工程技术提高小麦抗旱性是优于传统育种的有效途径。抗旱基因主要包括调节基因（蛋白激酶、蛋白酶和转录因子基因）和功能基因。目前,已证实的可提高小麦抗旱性的基因主要为转录因子基因CBF/DREB1、MYB、NAC（NAM、ATAF1、ATAF2和CUC2）、HD-Zip和WRKY等和功能基因LEA蛋白基因、甜菜碱合成酶基因和海藻糖合成酶基因等。本文从转录因子基因和功能基因2个方面概述国内外利用基因工程技术提高小麦抗旱性的研究进展,并对目前存在的问题进行分析,以期为小麦抗旱遗传改良及育种提供参考。

关键词: 小麦, 抗旱性, 基因工程, 转录因子, 功能蛋白

Abstract:

Drought seriously affect the growth and yield of wheat. Drought tolerance breeding is an important measure to ensure wheat production. It is an effective way to improve wheat drought tolerance through genetic engineering technology compared with the conventional breeding methods. The drought tolerance genes include functional genes and regulatory genes which encode protein kinase, protease and transcription factors. At present, the genes proved to improve wheat drought tolerance are mainly transcription factor genes encoding CBF/DREB1, MYB, NAC (NAM, ATAF1, ATAF2 and CUC2), HD-Zip and WRKY and functional genes encoding LEA, betaine synthetase and trehalose synthase. This paper comprehensively review the progress on improvement of wheat drought tolerance by genetic engineering of above two classes of gene and analyze some problems in this field at present with the objective to provide reference for drought tolerance genetic improvement and breeding.

Key words: Wheat, Drought tolerance, Genetic engineering, Transcription factor, Functional protein

表1

已报道的提高小麦抗旱性的转录因子基因及其作用机理、效果"

基因家族
Gene
family		 基因名称
Gene name		 来源
Resource		 作用机理
Function mechanism		 抗旱效果
Drought-resistant
effect		 超表达形式及负面效应
Overexpression type and
negative effect
AP2/ERF DREB1A[7] 拟南芥 增加根数 存活率提高 胁迫诱导表达;无
DREB[8] 拟南芥 提高叶片脯氨酸含量 存活率提高 胁迫诱导表达;无
DREB1B[9,10] 拟南芥 提高叶片脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量、相对含水量和光合速率 存活率提高,部分株系产量提高 胁迫诱导表达;无
DREB[11] 大豆 提高可溶性糖含量 存活率提高 组成型表达;胁迫诱导表达,无
DREB[12] 棉花 提高可溶性糖含量 存活率提高 组成型表达;胁迫诱导表达,无
DREB2、DREB3[13] 小麦 降低气孔导度,上调其他10个CBF/DREB基因及LEA、COR
（cold regulated）和DHN（dehydrin）等胁迫相关基因表达量		 存活率提高 组成型表达;生长缓慢,开花时间推迟,产量降低;胁迫诱导表达,无
ERF3[14] 小麦 显著增加叶片脯氨酸和叶绿素含量,显著降低H2O2含量和气孔导度,显著提高一些胁迫相关基因的表达量,包括POX2（peroxidase 2）、OxOx2（oxalate oxidase 2）、BG3（beta-glucosidases 3）、LEA3、GST6（glutathione s-transferase
6）、DHN（dehydrin）、RAB18（ABA-responsive protein 18）、SDR（short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase）、TIP2
（tonoplast intrinsic protein 2）和Chit1（chitinase）等		 存活率提高 组成型表达;无
ERF1-V[15] 簇毛麦 显著提高叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物酶（SOD）活性,显著降低丙二醛（MDA）含量,显著上调编码POD和SOD等基因的表达 存活率提高 组成型表达;无
SHN1[16] 小麦 降低叶片的气孔密度和失水率,增加表皮蜡质中的烷烃含量,调控启动子区域含有DRE、GCC-box和CRT元件的胁迫相关基因的表达量 存活率提高 组成型表达;无
NAC SNAC1[17] 水稻 提高叶片水分和叶绿素含量及胁迫相关基因SPS（sucrose phosphate synthase）、PI3K（1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase）、PP2C3（type 2C protein phosphatases）和RCAR
（regulatory components of ABA receptor）的表达量		 存活率提高 组成型表达;无
SNAC1[18] 大麦 提高叶片相对含水量、光合能力和气孔关闭数目,增加分蘖数、穗数、穗粒数和粒重 存活率提高,
产量提高		 组成型表达;无
NAC69[19] 小麦 增加根长和根生物量,提高水分利用效率 存活率提高,
产量提高		 组成型表达;百粒重和产量降低,胁迫诱导表达,无
BTF3[20] 小麦 提高叶片相对含水量和脯氨酸含量,降低电导率和失水速率 存活率提高 基因沉默;无
HD-Zip HDZipⅠ-5[21] 小麦 — 存活率提高 组成型表达;植株矮小,生物量降低,开花推迟,产量降低
HDG11[22] 拟南芥 苗期干旱,降低气孔密度和失水速率,提高脯氨酸含量及过氧化氢酶（CAT）和SOD活性;孕穗期干旱,提高光合速率、水分利用效率和激发能效率,降低蒸腾速率,增加分蘖数、穗数和千粒重 存活率提高,
产量提高		 组成型表达;无
WRKY WRKY2[23] 小麦 苗期干旱,降低叶片失水速率,增加脯氨酸、可溶性糖和叶绿素含量;抽穗前干旱,增加穗长、穗粒数和生物量 存活率提高,
产量提高		 组成型表达;无
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