覆盖对旱地冬小麦植株和旗叶水分含量及产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.02.015

作物杂志,2020, 第2期: 97–104 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.02.015

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇下一篇

覆盖对旱地冬小麦植株和旗叶水分含量及产量的影响

张博¹,高甜甜¹,程宏波²,李瑞¹,柴雨葳¹,李亚伟¹,柴守玺¹()

¹ 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,730070,甘肃兰州
² 甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,730070,甘肃兰州

收稿日期:2019-10-22 修回日期:2019-12-09 出版日期:2020-04-15 发布日期:2020-04-13
通讯作者: 柴守玺 E-mail:sxchai@126.com
作者简介:张博,主要从事作物栽培学与生理生态,E-mail：1640133365@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200401);国家自然科学基金(31560356);国家自然科学基金(31760362)

Effects of Mulching on Water Content of Plant and Flag Leaves and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat in Dryland

Zhang Bo¹,Gao Tiantian¹,Cheng Hongbo²,Li Rui¹,Chai Yuwei¹,Li Yawei¹,Chai Shouxi¹()

¹ Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
² College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China

Received:2019-10-22 Revised:2019-12-09 Online:2020-04-15 Published:2020-04-13
Contact: Shouxi Chai E-mail:sxchai@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明西北半干旱雨养农业区冬小麦生产中不同覆盖栽培方式的增产机理,设置了秸秆带状覆盖（MS）、地膜覆盖（PM）、露地种植（CK）3种栽培方式,其中MS处理设置了58.82%、50.00%、41.66%、37.04% 4个覆盖度,分别在种植带内播种3行（MS3）、4行（MS4）、5行（MS5）、6行（MS6）小麦,研究了不同覆盖度对小麦灌浆阶段植株和旗叶的水分变化情况,及其对产量形成的影响。结果表明,MS处理平均较CK增产9.05%,以MS5增产幅度最大（10.34%）,PM处理较CK增产11.42%。在灌浆期,MS处理小麦植株含水量、旗叶相对含水量、12和24h内离体旗叶失水速率分别较CK提高了1.49~2.49个百分点、3.29~5.26个百分点、7.11~8.19mg/(g·h)和3.77~4.55mg/(g·h),较PM处理分别提高了3.24~4.37个百分点、5.34~10.46个百分点、27.03~28.66mg/(g·h)、6.67~12.28mg/(g·h),不同覆盖度间比较,各指标较CK和PM处理的提高幅度均随覆盖度降低而降低。地膜覆盖可增加分蘖、促进植株营养生长,从而提高小麦产量;秸秆带状覆盖提高灌浆阶段植株含水量和旗叶相对含水量,延迟功能叶衰老,进而增加粒重,是其较露地增产的原因之一。秸秆带状覆盖条件下,MS5与地膜覆盖的增产效应相近,是较为适宜的秸秆覆盖栽培模式。

关键词: 秸秆带状覆盖, 旱地, 冬小麦, 植株含水量, 旗叶含水量, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the mechanism of increasing yield of winter wheat in semiarid rain-fed agricultural area in northwest China, straw strips mulching (MS), plastic film mulching (PM), traditional flat planting without mulching (CK) were established in which MS set up with 58.82%, 50.00%, 41.66% and 37.04% maize straw coverage, and 3 rows (MS3), 4 rows (MS4), 5 rows (MS5), 6 rows (MS6) of winter wheat were planted in the planting zone, respectively for studying the effects of mulching on the water content of wheat plants and flag leaves at grain filling stage and their effects on yield of winter wheat. The results showed that the average yield of MS treatment was 9.05% higher than that of CK with MS5 increasing the maximum yield (10.34%) whereas, PM treatment increased production by 11.42% over CK. At the grain filling stage, MS increased the plant water content (PWC), relative water content of flag leaves (RWC) and rate of water loss from flag leaves in vitro within 12h (RWL₁₂) and 24h (RWL₂₄) were higher than CK with 1.49-2.49 percentage points, 3.29-5.26 percentage points, 7.11-8.19mg/(g?h) and 3.77-4.55mg/(g?h), respectively. Compared with PM, the PWC, RWC, RWL₁₂ and RWL₂₄ of MS increased by 3.24-4.37 percentage points, 5.34-10.46 percentage points, 27.03-28.66mg/(g?h) and 6.67-12.28mg/(g?h), respectively. Comparison between different maize coverage treatments, the increase extents of PWC, RWC, RWL₁₂ and RWL₂₄ compared with CK and PM decreased with the decrease of maize straw coverage. PM treatment increased tiller number, promoted plant vegetative growth and thus increased winter wheat yield, while straw strips mulching increased PWC and RWC at grain filling stage, delayed senescence of functional leaves and then increased grain weight which was one of the reasons for increasing grain yield compared with CK. Under the conditions of straw strip mulching, the yield increase effect of MS5 and PM was similar which was a more suitable cultivation mode.

Key words: Straw strip mulching, Dryland, Winter wheat, Plant water content, Flag leaf water content, Yield

张博,高甜甜,程宏波,李瑞,柴雨葳,李亚伟,柴守玺. 覆盖对旱地冬小麦植株和旗叶水分含量及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2020 (2): 97–104

Zhang Bo,Gao Tiantian,Cheng Hongbo,Li Rui,Chai Yuwei,Li Yawei,Chai Shouxi. Effects of Mulching on Water Content of Plant and Flag Leaves and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat in Dryland[J]. Crops, 2020(2): 97–104

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处理 Treatment	花后7d 7d after flowering	花后14d 14d after flowering	花后21d 21d after flowering	花后28d 28d after flowering	变异系数(%) Variation coefficient
MS3	87.45a	83.12a	79.48a	61.20a	14.83
MS4	85.88ab	81.00b	78.03b	60.77a	14.29
MS5	84.68b	79.85b	76.65b	59.92a	14.29
MS6	81.01c	76.54c	73.59c	57.05b	14.51
CK	81.28c	76.84c	71.67d	55.50c	15.78
PM	79.42d	73.47d	66.47e	49.94d	18.92

失水时间 Time to lose water (h)	处理 Treatment	花后7d 7d after flowering	花后14d 14d after flowering	花后21d 21d after flowering	变异系数 Variation coefficient (%)
	MS3	134.35a	115.17a	92.18a	18.54
	MS4	133.48ab	114.55a	91.50a	18.58
0~12	MS5	131.70b	113.36a	90.67a	18.36
	MS6	122.94c	104.22b	85.38b	18.03
	CK	122.42c	103.71b	82.82b	19.24
	PM	101.96d	84.05c	62.90c	23.56
	MS3	72.52a	63.36a	53.03a	15.49
	MS4	71.54ab	62.31a	52.90a	14.97
0~24	MS5	70.08b	62.07a	52.79a	14.03
	MS6	66.12c	57.79b	49.25b	14.61
	CK	65.51c	56.88b	48.22b	15.20
	PM	57.79d	52.02c	43.32c	12.06

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	生物产量 Biological yield (kg/m²)	株高 Plant height (cm)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)	结实小穗数 Number of spikelet
MS3	4 435.06a	221.10b	45.24a	47.68a	10 127.40b	102.70bc	43.83b	19.73a
MS4	4 474.39a	228.70b	45.38a	47.91a	10 202.21b	103.83b	43.86b	19.91a
MS5	4 533.56a	235.49b	45.13a	47.39a	10 291.55b	105.30a	44.14b	19.74a
MS6	4 480.85a	227.00b	45.87a	47.81a	10 213.18b	102.57bc	43.87b	20.26a
PM	4 578.13a	283.66a	36.91b	48.58a	11 193.38a	103.70b	36.73c	16.63c
CK	4 108.77b	229.45b	44.66a	44.55b	9 925.24b	101.38c	46.20a	17.33b
变异系数(%) Variation coefficient	3.78	9.70	7.82	2.98	4.29	1.29	9.13	8.13
最大差异率(%) Maximum variation rate	11.42	28.29	24.27	9.04	12.78	3.63	25.79	21.80

指标 Index	产量 Yield	穗数 Spike number	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight	植株含水量Plant water content			RWL₁₂	RWL₂₄	RWC
指标 Index	产量 Yield	穗数 Spike number	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight	7d	35d	7~35d平均 Mean of 7-35d	RWL₁₂	RWL₂₄	RWC
穗数Spike number	-0.455
穗粒数Kernel number per spike	-0.205	-0.898^**
千粒重1000-grain weight	-0.965^**	-0.425	-0.179
7d植株含水量 Water content of plant on day 7	-0.120	-0.784^**	-0.695^**	-0.056
35d植株含水量 Water content of plant on day 35	-0.081	-0.864^**	-0.829^**	-0.073	0.853^**
35d平均植株含水量 Average plant water content within 35 day	-0.016	-0.845^**	-0.800^**	0.014	0.932^**	0.953^**
RWL₁₂	-0.144	-0.893^**	-0.889^**	-0.149	0.870^**	0.912^**	0.934^**
RWL₂₄	-0.253	-0.662^**	-0.687^**	0.240	0.824^**	0.844^**	0.916^**	0.895^**
RWC	-0.008	-0.774^**	-0.739^**	0.022	0.903^**	0.862^**	0.932^**	0.950^**	0.957^**
结实小穗数Number of spikelets bearing	-0.297	-0.693^**	-0.776^**	0.288	0.707^**	0.855^**	0.859^**	0.799^**	0.848^**	0.764^**

覆盖对旱地冬小麦植株和旗叶水分含量及产量的影响

Effects of Mulching on Water Content of Plant and Flag Leaves and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat in Dryland

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处理 Treatment	种植带∶覆盖带 Planting belt∶ mulching belt	覆盖度(%) Fraction of coverage	行距(cm) Row spacing	播种方式 Seeding method
MS3	35cm∶50cm	58.82	17	机械条播
MS4	50cm∶50cm	50.00	17	机械条播
MS5	70cm∶50cm	41.66	17	机械条播
MS6	85cm∶50cm	37.04	17	机械条播
PM	0	0	20	全膜覆土穴播
CK	0	0	17	机械条播

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