黄河故道区域不同种植模式及秸秆还田方式对土壤的改良效果

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2020.06.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于长期受到流水冲击,黄河故道区域农田以中低产田为主,因此本区域农田质量提升成为黄河中下游平原绿色发展的重要研究课题。在河南濮阳清丰地区秸秆还田方式的基础上,选取黄河故道区域广泛种植的小麦、玉米和花生三大主要农作物,于2009年进行4种种植模式长期定位试验：小麦-玉米、小麦-花生、小麦-玉米-小麦-花生和单季花生,其中小麦和玉米秸秆全部还田,花生秸秆不还田,探究不同种植模式对土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田量越多,土壤有机质含量提高越多,小麦-花生、小麦-玉米-小麦-花生种植模式下土壤有机质含量最高,且其土壤含水量也显著高于其他处理,上层土壤容重有所降低,显著改善了土壤砂质化,提升了土壤的蓄水能力;秸秆还田量较大的种植模式的养分保持能力明显提高,养分含量显著增加;微生物群落结构对不同种植模式响应结果为,花生可以显著提升微生物丰度,微生物群落多样性随种植作物类型的增加而增加。因此,小麦-玉米-小麦-花生种植模式较为适宜濮阳清丰黄河故道区域,有利于土壤改良和区域农业的可持续发展。

关键词: 黄河故道, 种植模式, 土壤理化性状, 微生物多样性, 土壤改良

Abstract:

Due to the long-term water impact, the farmland types in the old area of the Yellow River are mainly low- and medium-yielding fields. Therefore, the improvement of farmland quality in this area has become an important research topic for the green development of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Based on the ways of returning straw to the field in Qingfeng area of Puyang, three main crops including wheat, corn, and peanut, widely planted in the old area of the Yellow River have been chosen. In 2009, four long-term planting experiments (wheat-corn, wheat-peanut, wheat-corn-wheat-peanut and peanut single season. wheat, corn stover returned to field all, peanuts without straw) were set up to explore the effects of different planting patterns on the soil properties and microbial community structure. The results showed that the more straw returned to the field, the more soil organic matter content was increased. The wheat-peanut, wheat-corn-wheat-peanut rotation cropping model had the highest soil organic matter content and its soil moisture content was also significantly higher than other treatments. The soil bulk density had been reduced, which had significantly improved soil sandiness and improved the soil water storage capacity; the planting model with a large amount of straw returning to the field had significantly improved nutrient retention capacity and nutrient content; The response of the microbial community structure to different planting patterns was that the peanuts could significantly increase microbial abundance, and the diversity of microbial communities increased with the types of crops grown. The wheat-corn-wheat-peanut planting model is more suitable for the area of the old course of the Qingfeng Yellow River in Puyang, which is conducive to soil improvement and the sustainable development of regional agriculture.

Key words: Yellow River Course, Planting pattern, Physical and chemical properties of soil, Microbial diversity, Soil improvement

刘莹, 李洁, 赵凌霄, 李春喜, 姜丽娜, 张黛静, 马建辉. 黄河故道区域不同种植模式及秸秆还田方式对土壤的改良效果[J]. 作物杂志, 2020 (6): 109–115

Liu Ying, Li Jie, Zhao Lingxiao, Li Chunxi, Jiang Lina, Zhang Daijing, Ma Jianhui. The Effects of Different Planting Patterns and Straw Returning to Field on Soil Improvement in the Yellow River Course Region[J]. Crops, 2020(6): 109–115

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土层 Soil depth (cm)	处理 Treatment	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	全磷 Total P (g/kg)	全钾 Total K (g/kg)	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis N (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)	pH
0~10	WM	32.28a	1.11a	0.65a	1.78a	103.00a	9.67d	108.90b	7.66b
	WMWP	31.29a	0.89b	0.62ab	1.78a	75.00b	18.30c	106.93b	7.95a
	P	20.46c	0.70d	0.57b	1.76a	63.67c	36.87b	133.10a	7.95a
	WP	24.99b	0.78c	0.61ab	1.71b	61.67c	43.63a	139.93a	8.00a
10~20	WM	33.79a	1.16a	0.59a	1.79a	106.67a	10.23d	97.87c	7.73c
	WMWP	32.76a	0.85b	0.55b	1.76b	75.00b	18.87c	118.57bc	7.89b
	P	21.10b	0.66d	0.53c	1.73c	57.00c	25.13b	135.3ab	7.90b
	WP	23.16b	0.73c	0.54bc	1.72c	57.33c	28.07a	152.47a	8.04a
20~30	WM	33.16a	1.03a	0.54a	1.77a	95.00a	15.27bc	70.53d	7.94c
	WMWP	30.64b	0.81b	0.51b	1.76a	67.67b	13.60c	90.33c	8.13ab
	P	19.40c	0.50c	0.35d	1.72b	60.00b	16.50ab	120.83a	8.18a
	WP	20.37c	0.49c	0.45c	1.73b	40.67c	18.10a	105.60b	8.12ab
30~40	WM	24.26a	0.45a	0.35a	1.72a	41.30a	7.00a	62.30a	8.28a
	WMWP	22.95b	0.41b	0.30c	1.70b	30.00b	8.03a	59.90a	8.28a
	P	18.89d	0.32c	0.25d	1.67bc	32.67b	4.30b	56.97a	8.21a
	WP	20.60c	0.31c	0.33b	1.66c	30.67b	5.13b	63.03a	8.19a
40~50	WM	24.19a	0.41a	0.31a	1.69b	49.00a	6.33a	61.10a	8.29a
	WMWP	22.75a	0.39a	0.25c	1.72a	26.33bc	6.60a	44.03b	8.32a
	P	21.87a	0.31b	0.29b	1.58c	29.33b	2.50b	31.00c	8.25ab
	WP	22.71a	0.33b	0.32a	1.68b	23.74c	2.50b	43.74b	8.20b

处理 Treatment	OUT	Chao指数 Chao index	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index
WM	4 809b	5 806b	7.25a	0.0025a
WMWP	5 086a	6 098a	7.37a	0.0018b
P	5 005a	5 823b	7.33a	0.0018b
WP	4 997a	5 832b	7.31a	0.0019b