播距和播量对张杂谷10号生长特性及产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.04.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高丘陵山地谷子机械化播种水平,明确机械精量播种模式下播距和播量对张杂谷10号生长特性及产量的影响,通过自走式多功能小粒种子播种机JAS-502B播种,研究不同播种参数对张杂谷10号生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明,随着播距减小和播量增大,谷子株高、叶绿素b含量、胞间CO₂浓度、最大光化学量子产量和结穗数明显升高,茎粗、叶面积、干重、叶绿素a含量、类胡萝卜素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、表观光合电子传递速率、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量和穗粒重明显降低,叶绿素（a+b）含量、非光化学猝灭系数和光化学猝灭系数无显著差异。在本试验条件下,使用F轮和X轮播种均可提高张杂谷10号产量,使用YJ轮播种谷子产量较低。不同播距条件下谷子产量差异不显著,张杂谷10号是通过分蘖数来调节穗数,实现低密度条件下的增产。

关键词: 谷子, 张杂谷10号, 机械精量播种, 气体交换参数, 叶绿素荧光参数, 产量

Abstract:

In order to increase the degree of robotic precision seeding of foxtail millet in mountainous terrain, the effects of sowing distance and sowing amount on the growth characteristics and yield of Zhangzagu 10 was investigated. The growth characteristics and yield of Zhangzagu 10 under various sowing settings were studied using the seed planter JAS-502B. The results showed that with the decrease of the sowing distance and the increase of the sowing rate, the plant height, chlorophyll b content, C_i, F_v/F_m, and number of ears of foxtail millet increased obviously, the stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight, chlorophyll a content, carotenoids content, P_n, T_r, G_s, ETR, nitrate reductase activity, soluble protein content and grain weight were reduced, chlorophyll (a+b) content, NPQ and q_P had no significant difference. Under the experimental conditions, sowing through the F and X wheels, the yield of Zhangzagu 10 was increased, while it was decreased by seeding through YJ wheels. There was no significant difference in the yield of Zhangzagu 10 under different sowing distance. The number of spikes was adjusted by the number of tillers, which increased the yield of Zhangzagu 10 under low density conditions.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Zhangzagu 10, Mechanical precision seeding, Gas exchange parameters, Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Yield

马珂, 冯雷, 赵夏童, 张丽光, 原向阳, 董淑琦, 郭平毅, 宋喜娥. 播距和播量对张杂谷10号生长特性及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2022 (4): 172–178

Ma Ke, Feng Lei, Zhao Xiatong, Zhang Liguang, Yuan Xiangyang, Dong Shuqi, Guo Pingyi, Song Xi’e. Effects of Sowing Distance and Sowing Amount on the Growth Characteristics and Yield of Zhangzagu 10[J]. Crops, 2022(4): 172–178

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处理 Treatment	播量（粒/穴） Seeding rate (grain/hole)	播距 Seeding distance (cm)	出苗数（万株/hm²） Emergency number (×10⁴/hm²)
F-7	3~4	7	40.020
F-10	3~4	10	25.020
F-13	3~4	13	19.680
X-7	2~3	7	17.010
X-10	2~3	10	12.000
X-13	2~3	13	11.010
YJ-7	1~2	7	9.345
YJ-10	1~2	10	7.335
YJ-13	1~2	13	6.675

处理 Treatment	Chla	Chlb	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid	Chl(a+b)
F-7	1.61±0.10b	0.59±0.05a	0.32±0.01c	2.20±0.15a
F-10	1.62±0.02b	0.48±0.15b	0.34±0.03bc	2.10±0.17a
F-13	1.63±0.16b	0.47±0.07bc	0.36±0.02ab	2.10±0.23a
X-7	1.67±0.18b	0.45±0.09bcd	0.36±0.02ab	2.12±0.27a
X-10	1.74±0.03ab	0.40±0.01bcd	0.36±0.01ab	2.14±0.04a
X-13	1.74±0.20ab	0.39±0.06bcd	0.37±0.02a	2.13±0.26a
YJ-7	1.80±0.19ab	0.38±0.07cd	0.37±0.01a	2.18±0.26a
YJ-10	1.87±0.26a	0.37±0.06d	0.37±0.01a	2.24±0.30a
YJ-13	1.88±0.14a	0.37±0.03d	0.38±0.02a	2.25±0.16a

处理Treatment	F_v/F_m	ETR [μmol/(m²·s)]	NPQ	q_P
F-7	0.757±0.005a	33.000±7.550c	0.517±0.026a	0.873±0.152a
F-10	0.748±0.013ab	35.333±3.786bc	0.517±0.295a	0.893±0.054a
F-13	0.747±0.015ab	39.000±13.229abc	0.442±0.129a	0.902±0.069a
X-7	0.746±0.007b	41.333±6.429abc	0.450±0.131a	0.910±0.034a
X-10	0.745±0.018ab	42.333±0.577abc	0.451±0.066a	0.893±0.080a
X-13	0.743±0.006ab	43.000±6.000abc	0.446±0.333a	0.900±0.024a
YJ-7	0.738±0.005ab	43.333±5.508abc	0.386±0.205a	0.880±0.035a
YJ-10	0.738±0.007b	45.333±1.528ab	0.391±0.235a	0.840±0.057a
YJ-13	0.734±0.011b	48.000±4.359a	0.416±0.110a	0.781±0.194a

处理Treatment	结穗数（穗/hm²）Amount of spikes (spike/hm²)	穗粒重Grain weight per spike (g)	产量Yield (kg/hm²)
F-7	395 019.75±8 660.70a	20.26±1.57h	7994.55±496.95a
F-10	375 018.75±15 000.75a	20.57±1.59h	7729.20±904.20a
F-13	365 018.25±8 660.70a	21.68±1.64g	7906.20±472.50a
X-7	325 016.25±37 751.10b	23.06±1.72f	7512.15±1 182.75a
X-10	315 015.75±30 001.50bc	24.04±1.77e	7548.00±542.10a
X-13	285 014.25±15 000.75c	25.06±1.82d	7160.55±895.80a
YJ-7	230 011.50±22 914.00d	26.57±1.90c	6141.00±1 061.55b
YJ-10	210 010.50±30 001.50d	28.89±2.03b	6106.50±1 295.70b
YJ-13	195 009.75±15 000.75d	30.73±2.13a	5998.95±678.15b