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作物杂志,2023, 第3期: 159–166 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.022

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

温度和CO2浓度升高下双季稻茎蘖动态、成穗率与产量的关系

宋春燕1(), 万运帆1, 李玉娥1, 蔡岸冬1, 胡严炎2, 周慧2, 朱波2, 王斌1()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农业环境重点实验室，100081，北京
    2长江大学农学院，434022，湖北荆州
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-17 修回日期:2022-06-06 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 王斌，主要从事气候变化与农业减排高产研究，E-mail：wangbin01@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:宋春燕，主要从事气候变化对农业影响与适应研究，E-mail：schunyan0201@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41905102);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300400)

Relationships between Tiller Dynamic, Earbearing Tiller Rate and Yield of Double Cropping Rice under Elevated Temperature and CO2 Concentration

Song Chunyan1(), Wan Yunfan1, Li Yu’e1, Cai Andong1, Hu Yanyan2, Zhou Hui2, Zhu Bo2, Wang Bin1()   

  1. 1Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434022, Hubei, China
  • Received:2022-02-17 Revised:2022-06-06 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-16

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摘要：

为明确气候变化下我国双季稻茎蘖动态与成穗特征的变化及其与产量的关系，利用开顶式气室（OTC）连续开展4年8个生长季的大田气候变化原位模拟试验，设置对照（CK）、增温2℃（ET）、CO2浓度增加60μmol/mol（EC）、同时增温增CO2浓度（ETEC）共4个处理，研究双季稻生育期内茎蘖动态、成穗率变化特征以及对产量的影响。结果表明，随着累积辐射量和生长度日（GDD）升高，水稻分蘖达到峰值后部分消亡，且早稻分蘖增长和消亡速率均大于晚稻。相比CK，ET、EC和ETEC条件下早稻最大分蘖数和无效分蘖数分别提高3.6%~ 14.2%和8.9%~134.2%，成穗率降低0.4%~9.3%，对产量形成具有不利影响；晚稻最大分蘖数提高2.9%~13.1%，无效分蘖数降低1.6%~64.8%，成穗率提高1.7%~22.1%，有助于产量增长。ETEC处理对双季稻最大分蘖具有正向协同的交互作用，而对无效分蘖和成穗率的交互作用不显著。总体而言，大气温度和CO2浓度升高对早稻分蘖和成穗具有负效应，对晚稻表现为正效应，未来气候变化背景下提高水稻茎蘖数，控制无效分蘖，进而提高成穗率，对水稻稳产增产具有重要意义。

关键词: 双季稻, CO2浓度, 温度, 分蘖, 成穗率, 产量

Abstract:

In order to clarify the variation of tiller dynamic and earbearing tiller rate of Chinese double cropping rice under climate change and their relationship with yield formation, a field experiment was conducted using open-top chambers (OTC) to simulate different scenarios of elevated temperature and/or CO2 concentration for four rotations of double rice. There were four treatments, CK, ET (OTC with 2℃ temperature elevation), EC (OTC with 60μmol/mol CO2 elevation), ETEC (OTC with simultaneous 2℃ temperature and 60μmol/mol CO2 elevation). The characteristics of tiller dynamic, earbearing tiller rate and their effect on rice yield were explored. The results showed that rice tiller reached the peak then partially declined with the increase of cumulative radiation and growth degree-day (GDD), and the tiller growth/extinction rate in early rice was higher than that in late rice. Compared with CK, ET, EC and ETEC treatments in early rice increased number of maximum tiller and invalid tiller by 3.6%-14.2% and 8.9%-134.2%, respectively, and decreased earbearing tiller rate by 0.4%- 9.3%, which had negative effect on yield formation. In late rice, ET, EC and ETEC treatments increased maximum tiller number and ear bearing tiller rate by 2.9%-13.1% and 1.7%-22.1%, respectively, and decreased ineffective tiller number by 1.6%-64.8%, which contributed to the increase in yield. ETEC treatment showed a positive synergy on the promotion of maximum tiller, while their interaction on ineffective tiller number and earbearing tiller rate was not significant. Generally, elevated temperature and CO2 concentration had a negative effect on tillering and earbearing for early rice, while had a positive effect for late rice. Under the background of future climate change, it was of great significance to promote rice tiller development, control ineffective tiller and increase earbearing tiller rate for stable and high yield output.

Key words: Double cropping rice, CO2 concentration, Temperature, Tiller, Earbearing tiller rate, Yield

表1

早稻和晚稻施肥方案

养分
Nutrient		 总量
Total
amount		 基肥
Basal
fertilizer		 分蘖肥
Tiller
fertilizer		 穗肥
Panicle
fertilizer
N 180 90 45 45
P2O5 60 60 0 0
K2O 90 30 15 45

图1

增温增CO2下双季稻分蘖数与累积辐射量及GDD的关系 y1：背景CO2浓度；y2：增加CO2浓度

表2

温度、CO2浓度与年际对双季稻分蘖、成穗及产量影响的多因素方差分析（P值）

指标
Indicator		 早稻Early rice 晚稻Late rice
最大分蘖数
Maximum tiller
number		 无效分蘖数
Invalid tiller
number		 有效穗数
Productive
ear number		 成穗率
Earbearing tiller rate		 产量
Yield		 最大分蘖数
Maximum tiller
number		 无效分蘖数
Invalid tiller
number		 有效穗数
Productive
ear number		 成穗率
Earbearing tiller rate		 产量
Yield
温度Tepmerature (T) <0.05 <0.01 <0.05 <0.05 <0.01 <0.05 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
CO2 <0.01 0.79 <0.01 0.80 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
年Year <0.01 0.35 <0.01 0.10 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
T×CO2 0.33 0.65 <0.05 0.35 <0.01 <0.05 0.82 0.47 0.38 <0.05
T×Year 0.79 0.62 0.68 0.85 0.08 0.65 <0.01 <0.05 <0.01 0.18
CO2×Year 0.91 <0.05 0.36 0.31 0.15 0.32 0.12 0.53 0.12 0.53
T×CO2×Year 0.93 0.65 0.83 0.90 0.37 0.53 0.89 0.60 0.81 0.21

图2

增温增CO2下双季稻最大分蘖数 不同字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05），误差线为3个重复值之间的标准误，下同

图3

增温增CO2下双季稻无效分蘖数

图4

增温增CO2对双季稻有效穗数、成穗率和产量的影响

图5

增温增CO2下最大分蘖数和成穗率影响双季稻产量的结构方程模型 红色和蓝色箭头分别表示正面和负面作用。实线表示影响通过显著性检验（P < 0.05），虚线表示不存在显著影响。箭头旁数字为标准化的路径系数，方框旁加粗数字为SEM模型可解释该变量的比例。模型所用数据为2013-2016年（n=48）

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