作物杂志,2025, 第3期: 92–101 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.03.013

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同灌溉模式和肥料处理对再生稻再生芽生长和再生季产量形成的影响

毛顺鑫(), 肖无为, 张作林, 黄家达, 王飞, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 崔克辉()   

  1. 作物遗传改良全国重点实验室/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,430070,湖北武汉
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-29 修回日期:2024-03-20 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-03
  • 通讯作者: 崔克辉,主要从事作物生理与栽培研究,E-mail:cuikehui@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:毛顺鑫,主要从事水稻栽培研究,E-mail:475173280@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    “十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2301000)

Effects of Different Irrigation Patterns and Fertilizer Managements on the Growth of Axillary Buds and Yield Formation of Ratoon Season in Ratoon Rice

Mao Shunxin(), Xiao Wuwei, Zhang Zuolin, Huang Jiada, Wang Fei, Huang Jianliang, Peng Shaobing, Cui Kehui()   

  1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement / Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River / College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-02-29 Revised:2024-03-20 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-06-03

摘要:

以水稻品种两优6326为材料,设置淹灌、轻度干湿交替、重度干湿交替3种灌溉模式和无促芽肥(NBF)、施用促芽肥(BF)和施用再生稻专用缓释肥(SRF)3种肥料处理,研究水肥管理对再生芽生长和再生季产量的影响。结果表明,不同灌溉模式对头季和再生季产量无显著影响。2020年BF和SRF处理分别导致再生季产量平均增加37.9%和28.0%;2019年BF处理增加28.9%,而SRF处理则无影响,增产主要归因于有效穗数的增加。再生芽生长主要受肥料处理影响,灌溉模式与肥料处理间无显著互作效应。与NBF相比,BF处理显著提高了3种灌溉处理的再生芽芽长、活芽数、芽干重和再生力,分别平均增加32.8%、33.6%、139.8%和17.4%,SRF处理分别平均提高13.6%、3.7%、54.4%和13.5%。BF和SRF处理均显著增加了头季稻桩和再生季氮素含量、再生季当季干物质积累量。这些结果表明2种肥料处理均可通过增加稻桩和再生季当季氮素积累,促进再生芽萌发和生长,提高再生力,从而增加产量。因此,合理施用促芽肥或缓释肥可维持高的再生季产量。

关键词: 再生稻, 产量, 再生芽, 肥料管理, 氮积累, 缓释肥

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of water and fertilizer management on the growth of ratoon buds and ratoon crop yield using the rice variety Liangyou 6326. Three irrigation patterns (conventional flooding irrigation, alternate wetting and moderate soil drying, alternate wetting and severe soil drying) and three fertilizer treatments (no application of bud-promoting fertilizer, NBF; application of bud-promoting fertilizer, BF; and application of slow-release fertilizer, SRF) were implemented. The results indicated that different irrigation patterns had no significant effect on the yields of the first season and the ratoon season. In 2020, BF and SRF treatments increased the ratoon crop yields by 37.9% and 28.0%, respectively. In 2019, BF treatment increased the yield by 28.9%, while SRF treatment had no significant effect. The increase in yield was primarily attributed to the increase in the number of effective panicles. The growth of ratoon buds was predominantly influenced by fertilizer treatment, with no significant interaction between irrigation patterns and fertilizer treatment. Compared with the NBF treatment, BF treatment significantly increased the bud length, number of buds, bud dry weight, and ratooning ability on the uppermost internodes across all three irrigation patterns, with average increase of 32.8%, 33.6%, 139.8%, and 17.4%, respectively. SRF treatment increased these growth parameters by 13.6%, 3.7%, 54.4%, and 13.5%, respectively. Both BF and SRF treatments significantly increased the nitrogen contents of rice stubble and ratoon season, as well as the dry matter accumulation during the ratoon season. These findings suggest that the application of bud-promoting fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer can enhance ratoon bud germination and growth, increase ratooning ability, and ultimately improve ratoon crop yield by increasing nitrogen accumulation in stubble and the ratoon crop. Therefore, the rational application of either bud-promoting fertilizer or slow-release fertilizer is essential for maintaining high ratoon crop yield.

Key words: Ratoon rice, Yield, Axillary bud, Fertilizer management, Nitrogen accumulation, Slow-release fertilizer

表1

不同水肥处理下头季稻产量及其构成因子

年份
Year
灌溉模式
Irrigation
pattern
肥料处理
Fertilizer
treatment
产量
Yield
(t/hm2)
有效穗数
Effective panicle
number (/m2)
千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)
每穗颖花数
Spikelets
per panicle
颖花数
Spikelet number
(×103/m2)
2019 CI NBF 8.01ab 259.7a 27.7abc 85.5ab 124.7a 32.3a
BF 7.77ab 250.0a 26.7c 84.3b 131.1a 32.8ab
SRF 8.48ab 245.8a 28.4ab 83.8b 131.7a 32.1ab
平均 8.09A 251.8A 27.6A 84.5B 129.2A 32.4A
WMD NBF 7.52ab 241.0a 27.7bc 88.4a 116.1a 28.0ab
BF 7.29b 256.9a 27.5bc 87.4ab 112.2a 28.8ab
SRF 8.67a 268.8a 28.8a 87.1ab 114.5a 30.6a
平均 7.83A 255.6A 28.0A 87.6A 114.3B 29.1A
WSD NBF 7.88ab 245.8a 27.7abc 85.6ab 119.0a 29.1b
BF 7.41ab 243.8a 28.1abc 89.2a 116.0a 28.3ab
SRF 8.25ab 258.3a 28.0abc 87.3ab 128.3a 33.4ab
平均 7.85A 249.3A 27.9A 87.4A 121.1AB 30.3A
2020 CI NBF 7.82a 249.2a 25.9ab 86.5a 123.3a 30.7a
BF 7.74a 258.3a 25.3b 82.7a 130.7a 33.8a
SRF 7.95a 266.7a 26.2ab 82.1a 123.9a 33.3a
平均 7.84A 258.1A 25.8A 83.8A 126.0A 32.6A
WMD NBF 7.83a 249.2a 26.0ab 86.5a 141.7a 35.1a
BF 7.85a 250.8a 25.8ab 84.9a 130.1a 32.6a
SRF 7.58a 245.0a 26.9a 87.4a 130.8a 31.9a
平均 7.76A 248.3AB 26.2A 86.2A 134.2A 33.2A
WSD NBF 7.91a 235.0a 25.8ab 86.4a 135.4a 31.9a
BF 7.49a 230.0a 26.3ab 88.9a 125.4a 28.8a
SRF 7.28a 250.8a 26.2ab 83.6a 122.2a 30.7a
平均 7.56A 238.6B 26.1A 86.3A 127.6A 30.5A
方差分析ANOVA 年(Y) ns ns * ns ns ns
灌溉模式(I) ns ns ns * ns ns
肥料处理(F) * ns *** ns ns ns
Y×I ns ns ns ns ns ns
Y×F ** ns ns ns ns ns
I×F ns ns * ns ns ns
Y×I×F ns ns ns ns ns ns

表2

不同水肥处理下再生季产量及其构成因子

年份
Year
灌溉模式
Irrigation
pattern
肥料处理
Fertilizer
treatment
产量
Yield
(t/hm2)
有效穗数
Effective panicle
number (/m2)
千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)
每穗颖花数
Spikelets
per panicle
颖花数
Spikelet number
(×103/m2)
再生力
Ratooning
ability
2019 CI NBF 3.91c 326.7c 24.7ab 75.5abc 63.3b 20.7bc 1.26c
BF 5.10a 415.0a 23.9b 77.9a 67.2ab 27.9a 1.66a
SRF 4.05bc 342.5bc 24.9a 74.6abc 64.6a 22.2bc 1.40abc
平均 4.35A 361.4A 24.5A 76.0A 65.0A 23.6A 1.44A
WMD NBF 3.46c 318.3c 24.3ab 74.9abc 62.6b 19.9c 1.33c
BF 4.75ab 387.5ab 23.9b 73.2abc 64.3b 24.9ab 1.51abc
SRF 3.93c 372.5abc 24.3ab 71.2bc 61.8b 23.0bc 1.39abc
平均 4.05A 359.4A 24.2A 73.1A 62.9A 22.6A 1.41A
WSD NBF 4.03bc 364.2abc 24.2ab 70.5bc 64.9b 23.7abc 1.48abc
BF 4.85a 397.5ab 23.8b 77.5ab 70.7a 28.1a 1.63ab
SRF 3.36c 351.7bc 24.0ab 70.0c 65.9ab 23.1bc 1.37bc
平均 4.08A 371.1A 24.0A 72.7A 67.2A 25.0A 1.50A
2020 CI NBF 3.44bcd 465.0bcd 23.1ab 58.3b 75.9a 35.1bc 1.86a
BF 4.13ab 521.7ab 23.5a 61.3ab 78.5a 41.1abc 2.05a
SRF 3.96ab 556.7a 23.2ab 58.7ab 82.1a 45.6a 2.10a
平均 3.85A 514.4A 23.3A 59.4A 78.9A 40.6A 2.00A
年份
Year
灌溉模式
Irrigation
pattern
肥料处理
Fertilizer
treatment
产量
Yield
(t/hm2)
有效穗数
Effective panicle
number (/m2)
千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)
每穗颖花数
Spikelets
per panicle
颖花数
Spikelet number
(×103/m2)
再生力
Ratooning
ability
WMD NBF 2.67d 434.2cd 23.1ab 59.6ab 81.3a 35.2bc 1.74a
BF 4.31a 541.7ab 23.4ab 60.0ab 77.6a 42.1ab 2.16a
SRF 4.03ab 490.8abcd 23.1ab 59.1ab 81.9a 40.1ab 2.01a
平均 3.67A 488.9A 23.2A 59.6A 80.3A 39.1A 1.97A
WSD NBF 3.09cd 420.8d 22.9b 60.8ab 81.6a 34.3c 1.81a
BF 4.22a 488.3abcd 23.1ab 63.1a 85.8a 41.8ab 2.14a
SRF 3.77abc 513.3abc 23.2ab 59.9ab 80.8a 41.4ab 2.05a
平均 3.70A 474.2A 23.1A 61.3A 82.7A 39.1A 2.00A
方差分析
ANOVA
年(Y) * *** * *** *** *** ***
灌溉模式(I) ns ns ns ns * ns ns
肥料处理(F) *** *** ns ** ns *** ***
Y×I ns ns * * ns *** ns
Y×F *** ns ns ns ns ns ns
I×F ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
Y×I×F ns ns ns ns ns ns ns

图1

不同水肥处理下再生芽芽长的生长动态 HD-20、HD-30(MD)、MD-10分别代表头季齐穗后20 d、头季齐穗后30 d(头季收获期)、头季收获后10 d。竖线段和数字表示同一灌溉模式下同一时期3个肥料处理芽长平均值差异显著性阈值(P < 0.05)。

表3

不同水肥处理对头季收获后10 d再生芽的生长影响

灌溉模式
Irrigation pattern
肥料处理
Fertilizer treatment
芽长Bud length (cm) 活芽数Bud number (/m2) 芽干重Bud dry weight (g/m2)
D2 D3 D2 D3 D2 D3
CI NBF 38.5a 34.1b 195.5c 172.2bc 59.7bcd 34.6d
BF 45.3a 46.2a 266.1a 236.0ab 109.7ab 92.8abc
SRF 38.2a 36.0b 224.9abc 175.9bc 77.7abcd 42.0d
平均 40.7A 38.8A 228.81A 194.7A 82.4A 56.4B
WMD NBF 24.5b 34.2b 199.0c 187.1bc 32.7d 44.6d
BF 42.3a 47.1a 247.7abc 232.9ab 111.1a 113.1a
SRF 36.8a 40.1ab 205.6bc 167.8c 60.8abcd 61.7bcd
平均 34.5A 40.5A 217.4A 195.9A 68.2A 73.1AB
WSD NBF 34.9a 35.0b 188.7c 199.6bc 46.2cd 56.3cd
BF 39.9a 46.5a 263.8ab 279.0a 107.1ab 123.3a
SRF 34.1b 43.4ab 217.4abc 192.8bc 82.7abc 98.2ab
平均 36.3A 41.6A 223.3A 223.8A 78.7A 92.6A
方差分析ANOVA 灌溉模式(I) ns ns ns ns ns ns
肥料处理(F) ** ** ** ** ** **
I×F ns ns ns ns ns ns

表4

不同水肥处理下再生季地上部干物质量和氮素积累量

灌溉模式
Irrigation
pattern
肥料处理
Fertilizer
treatment
头季
稻桩干重
Stubble dry
weight of
first-season
(t/hm2)
再生季
地上部干重
Total dry
weight of
ratoon season
(t/hm2)
再生季当季
干物质积累量
Dry matter
accumulation
during ratoon
season (t/hm2)
头季稻桩
氮素浓度
Stubble N
concentration
(%)
头季稻桩
氮素积累
Stubble
N
(kg/hm2)
再生芽
氮素浓度
Ratoon
bud N
concentration
(%)
再生芽
氮素含量
Ratoon
bud N
content
(kg/hm2)
再生季当季
氮素积累量
N uptake
during
ratoon season
(kg/hm2)
再生季地上部
氮素积累量
Total N uptake
of ratoon
season
(kg/hm2)
CI NBF 3.26b 13.25cd 9.99c 0.85bcd 27.5c 2.13abc 20.2d 68.7a 96.3b
BF 3.92ab 14.39bc 10.47b 1.08ab 42.2ab 1.55c 31.0abc 73.9a 116.1a
SRF 4.22ab 16.38a 12.17a 0.98abcd 40.2b 2.15abc 24.1bcd 71.6a 111.8a
平均 3.80A 14.67A 10.88A 0.97A 36.6A 1.94A 25.1A 71.4A 108.0A
WMD NBF 3.62ab 12.99d 9.37c 0.83cd 29.6c 2.68a 20.1d 63.7a 93.3b
BF 4.42a 15.13b 10.71b 1.06ab 46.1a 1.80bc 39.5ab 68.6a 114.7a
SRF 3.99ab 14.54bc 10.55bc 1.09ab 43.3ab 2.39ab 29.2abc 67.0a 110.1a
平均 4.01A 14.22A 10.21A 0.99A 39.6A 2.29A 29.6A 66.4A 106.0A
WSD NBF 3.70ab 12.82d 9.12c 0.77d 28.5c 2.12abc 22.6cd 66.6a 95.1b
BF 3.84ab 14.90b 11.06b 1.11a 41.7b 1.90abc 41.3a 72.4a 114.0a
SRF 3.98ab 14.96b 10.97b 1.02abc 40.5b 2.13abc 37.8abc 72.2ab 112.7a
平均 3.84A 14.23A 10.38A 0.97A 36.9A 2.05 33.9A 70.4A 107.3A
方差分析
ANOVA
灌溉模式(I) ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
肥料处理(F) ns ** ** * * ** * **
I×F ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns

表5

再生芽生长、再生季氮积累、干物质积累和再生季产量间关系

指标
Index
芽长
Bud
length
活芽数
Bud
number
芽重
Bud dry
weight
再生力
Ratooning
ability
再生季产量
Grain yield
of the
ratoon crops
头季收获时
稻桩干重
Stubble dry
weight
再生季当季积累干重
Dry matter accumulation
during the ratoon season
再生季总干重
Total dry
weight of the
ratoon crops
稻桩氮浓度Stubble N concentration 0.801** 0.650 0.794* 0.880** 0.905*** 0.624 0.675* 0.717*
稻桩氮素含量Stubble N content 0.777* 0.590 0.783* 0.913*** 0.891** 0.850*** 0.698* 0.801**
芽氮素浓度Bud N concentration -0.904*** -0.744* -0.778* -0.640 -0.700* -0.335 -0.304 -0.342
芽氮素含量Bud N content 0.772* 0.759* 0.940*** 0.815** 0.759* 0.591 0.459 0.538
再生季当季氮素积累量
N uptake during the ratoon season
0.742* 0.613 0.688* 0.733* 0.724* 0.307 0.686* 0.633
再生季总氮积累
Total N uptake of the ratoon crops
0.854** 0.666* 0.840** 0.954*** 0.934*** 0.755* 0.775* 0.834**
头季收获后稻桩干重
Stubble dry weight
0.524 0.378 0.566 0.761* 0.655* 0.628 0.788*
再生季当季积累干重
Dry matter accumulation during the
ratoon season
0.467 0.318 0.453 0.832** 0.742* 0.628 0.974***
再生季总干重
Total dry weight of the ratoon crops
0.523 0.362 0.525 0.880** 0.779*
再生季产量
Grain yield of the ratoon crops
0.905*** 0.641 0.809** 0.962***
再生力Ratooning ability 0.838** 0.661* 0.835**
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