有机无机肥配施对设施土壤环境及番茄品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.06.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究有机无机肥配施对设施番茄土壤环境及产量、品质的调控效应，以番茄中杂102号为试验材料，设置6个施肥处理：不施肥（T1）、100%化肥（T2）、75%化肥+25%农家肥（T3）、50%化肥+50%农家肥（T4）、25%化肥+75%农家肥（T5）和100%农家肥（T6），系统分析不同施肥处理对土壤养分特性、微生物群落结构、酶活性及番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明，与单施化肥相比，有机无机肥配施处理番茄产量显著提升11.97%~ 34.65%，其中T4处理增产效果最优。T6处理较T2处理显著提升了土壤有机质（30.04%）、有机碳密度（17.43%）及微生物多样性（放线菌和细菌数量增加46.22%和16.87%），同时增强蔗糖酶和脲酶等关键酶活性（P<0.05）。品质分析表明，T6处理的番茄果实可溶性糖和维生素C含量分别较T2处理提高13.80%和13.64%，硝酸盐含量降低21.62%，而T4处理在品质与经济效益上表现均衡，肥料偏生产力达12.21%。综上认为，50%化肥+50%农家肥处理可协同提升番茄产量（12.9%）与果实品质，同时改善土壤微生态环境，是实现设施番茄绿色高值生产的最佳施肥模式。

关键词: 番茄, 化肥减施, 农家肥, 产量, 品质, 土壤肥力

Abstract:

To explore the regulatory effects of combined organic and inorganic fertilizer application on soil environment, yield, and quality of facility tomatoes, using Zhongza 102 as test material, six fertilization treatments were set up: no fertilization (T1), 100% chemical fertilizer (T2), 75% chemical fertilizer+25% farmyard manure (T3), 50% chemical fertilizer+50% farmyard manure (T4), 25% chemical fertilizer+75% farmyard manure (T5), and 100% farmyard manure (T6). The effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil nutrient characteristics, microbial community structure, enzyme activity, and tomato yield and quality were systematically analyzed. The results showed that compared with the application of chemical fertilizers alone, the organic and inorganic fertilizer combination treatment significantly increased tomato yield by 11.97%-34.65%, with T4 treatment showing the best yield increase effect. Compared with T2 treatment, T6 treatment significantly increased soil organic matter (30.04%), organic carbon density (17.43%), and microbial diversity (increasing the number of actinomycetes and bacteria by 46.22% and 16.87%), while enhancing key enzyme activities such as sucrase and urease (P < 0.05). Quality analysis showed that compared with T2 treatment, T6 treatment increased soluble sugar and vitamin C content by 13.80% and 13.64%, respectively, while nitrate content decreased by 21.62%. T4 treatment showed a balance between quality and economic benefits, with fertilizer productivity reaching 12.21%. In summary, 50% chemical fertilizer+50% farmyard manure treatment can synergistically increase tomato yield (12.9%) and fruit quality, while improving the soil microecological environment. It is the best fertilization mode for achieving green and high-value production of facility tomatoes.

Key words: Tomato, Chemical fertilizer reduction, Farm manure, Yield, Quality, Soil fertility

王占海, 李龙, 赵海波. 有机无机肥配施对设施土壤环境及番茄品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2025 (6): 231–239

Wang Zhanhai, Li Long, Zhao Haibo. The Impact of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Facility Soil Environment and Tomato Quality[J]. Crops, 2025(6): 231–239

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处理 Treatment	施肥方式 Fertilization method	农家肥 Farmyard manure	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Calcium superphosphate	硫酸钾 Potassium sulfate
T1	不施肥	－	－	－	－
T2	100%化肥	－	1.64	2.56	0.80
T3	75%化肥+25%农家肥	50.60	1.23	1.92	0.60
T4	50%化肥+50%农家肥	101.20	1.14	1.28	0.40
T5	25%化肥+75%农家肥	151.80	0.41	0.64	0.20
T6	100%农家肥	202.40	－	－	－

处理 Treatment	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g/cm³)	土壤总孔隙度 Total soil porosity (%)	土壤团聚体 Soil aggregate (%)
T1	1.30±0.01a	50.94±0.52c	32.02±0.16d
T2	1.29±0.03a	51.32±0.26c	32.93±0.29d
T3	1.26±0.02b	52.45±0.57b	34.43±0.45c
T4	1.22±0.02c	53.96±0.65a	37.11±0.22b
T5	1.20±0.01c	54.72±0.29a	38.16±0.15a
T6	1.16±0.02c	56.23±0.53a	39.06±0.18a

处理 Treatment	自然含水量 Natural moisture content (g/kg)	田间持水量 Field capacity (%)	饱和持水量 Saturated water content (t/hm²)
T1	108.51±0.47d	19.39±0.48d	1018.80±2.70c
T2	112.93±0.87c	20.86±0.59c	1026.45±15.75b
T3	118.13±1.05b	22.19±0.68b	1048.95±14.25b
T4	135.17±1.03a	23.12±0.61a	1078.20±19.95a
T5	138.23±0.95a	23.84±0.60a	1094.40±12.00a
T6	140.39±1.14a	24.33±0.98a	1124.55±13.35a

处理Treatment	pH	阳离子交换量CEC (cmol/kg)
T1	8.19±0.04a	17.86±0.45e
T2	8.17±0.02a	19.45±0.44d
T3	8.15±0.03a	19.89±0.65c
T4	8.12±0.02a	20.78±0.57b
T5	8.09±0.04a	21.44±0.55a
T6	8.06±0.02a	22.11±0.51a

处理 Treatment	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	单株果重（kg/株） Fruit weight per plant	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
T1	113.85±1.38e	1.17±0.05e	64 789.50±141.20e
T2	134.63±3.05d	1.31±0.03d	72 550.50±135.70d
T3	139.16±2.05c	1.39±0.01c	77 179.50±91.10c
T4	149.61±2.33a	1.57±0.01a	87 240.10±128.77a
T5	145.59±1.49a	1.52±0.03a	84 619.50±121.30a
T6	141.70±2.46b	1.48±0.02 b	82 390.50±150.20b