华北平原秸秆还田生态效应研究进展

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

华北平原是我国的重要粮食产地,有着丰富的秸秆资源和较高的秸秆还田率。合理的秸秆还田可以有效改善土壤质量、促进作物生长以及提高土壤固碳减排能力,但也会带来出苗率下降、病虫草害发生几率加大等风险,从而引起作物产量降低的负面效应。如何通过调整秸秆还田量、还田方式以及配合农艺措施等缓解秸秆还田带来的不利影响是亟待解决的问题。关于华北平原秸秆还田生态效应的研究应重点关注华北平原秸秆还田的负面效应产生原因及相应的解决措施、秸秆还田对农田系统增温潜势的影响,以及秸秆还田的长期效应与可持续性等方面。

关键词: 华北平原, 秸秆还田, 土壤质量, 产量, 固碳减排

Abstract:

North China Plain (NCP) is the important grain production bases in China, which is in rich of straw resource and has high rate with residue retained (RR) in croplands. Reasonable RR can improve soil quality, promote crop growth, and enhance the ability to sequestrate soil organic carbon and reduce the carbon emissions. However, RR may also increase the risks of lower emergence rate and more diseases, insect pests and weeds, which lead to decreases in crop yield. Thus, it is urgently need to be addressed how to offset the negative effects of RR through the strategies on adjusting the quantity of retained residue, changing the combined field management practices and the methods to return the residue. The future research on the eco-effects of RR in NCP should focus on the causes and corresponding solutions to alleviate the negative effects, the influences on the global warming potential in croplands, as well as the long-term effects and sustainability on crop production.

Key words: North China Plain, Residue retained, Soil quality, Crop yield, Carbon sequestration and emissions reduction

赵秀玲,任永祥,赵鑫,濮超,张向前,张海林. 华北平原秸秆还田生态效应研究进展[J]. 作物杂志, 2017 (1): 1–7

Xiuling Zhao,Yongxiang Ren,Xin Zhao,Chao Pu,Xiangqian Zhang,Hailin Zhang. Advances in Ecological Effects of Residue Retained in North China Plain[J]. Crops, 2017(1): 1–7

图/表 1

表1

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因素Factor	处理 Treatment	试验地点 Site	土壤类型 Soil type	有机质 Organic matter	土壤总有机碳 Total organic carbon	土壤总有机氮 Total organic nitrogen	参考文献 Reference
秸秆还田量	0	河北省衡水市	潮土		9.30±0.10c	1.00±0.01b	[18]
Quantity of residue retained (kg/hm²)	2250				9.50±0.05c	1.02±0.02b
	4500				10.20±0.02b	1.10±0.02a
	9000				11.10±0.18a	1.16±0.02a
秸秆还田时间	1982	山东省桓台县	潮土	13.24±2.32c			[19]
Year of residue retained	1996			15.06±1.93b
	2011			18.73±4.06a
秸秆还田方式	无秸秆还田	山东省泰安市	棕壤土		11.72±0.20	1.45±0.02	[20]
Style of residue retained	留茬1.0m				13.41±0.26	1.64±0.02
	留茬0.5m				13.61±0.22	1.85±0.02
	全量还田				17.31±0.28	1.93±0.02
耕作方式Tillage method	清茬翻耕	河北省曲周县	潮土	18.40		1.03	[21]
	粉碎翻耕还田			13.75		0.89
	覆盖免耕还田			14.26		0.93