高粱田常用除草剂对高粱生理生化及产量品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2017.05.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确高粱田常用除草剂在有效防除杂草的同时对高粱的影响,研究高粱田3种常用除草剂不同剂量对高粱的生理生化及产量品质的影响。结果表明,施用3种高粱田常用除草剂50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂、56%二甲四氯钠粉剂和57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油30d后,对高粱株高、茎粗及展开叶的影响程度依次为57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油>56%二甲四氯钠粉剂>50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂,其中,低、中剂量除草剂对高粱株高、茎粗及展开叶有促进作用,高剂量除草剂则对高粱有抑制作用。3种除草剂均可使高粱的SPAD值、净光合速率降低,POD、SOD活性以及MDA含量升高,这种影响效应在药后5d最大,至20d时基本可以解除。除56%二甲四氯钠粉剂和57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油高剂量外,其余处理均提高高粱产量,但基本不影响高粱子粒的蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉及单宁含量,3种除草剂的最高安全剂量分别为750g/hm ²、1 800g/hm ²和1 050mL/hm ²。

关键词: 高粱, 除草剂, 生理生化, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

The effect of different doses of three kinds of commonly used herbicides on sorghum physiological, biochemical and production quality were studied in this paper. The results showed that the ranking of influence of herbicides on plant height, stem diameter and expand leaves of sorghum was 57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC>56% methoxone DP> 50% quinclorac WP 30 days after the application. Low and medium dose of herbicides promoted plant height, stem diameter and expand leaves of sorghum, but high dose of herbicides inhibited their growth. The effects on SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate decreased, POD, SOD enzyme activity and MDA content increased, with the maximum after application 5 days but it was basically relieved after application 20 days. In addition to high dose of 56% methoxone DP and 57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC, the rest of treatment increased sorghum yield, but did not affect the grain protein, fat, starch and tannin content. The highest security dose of three kinds of herbicides were 750g/hm ², 1 800g/hm² and 1 050mL/hm²respectively.

Key words: Sorghum, Herbicides, Physiological biochemistry, Yield, Quality

丁超,张建华,白文斌,郭瑞峰,曹昌林. 高粱田常用除草剂对高粱生理生化及产量品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017 (5): 149–155

Chao Ding,Jianhua Zhang,Wenbin Bai,Ruifeng Guo,Changlin Cao. Effects of Commonly Used Herbicides on Physiological, Biochemical and Yield Quality of Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2017(5): 149–155

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除草剂 Herbicide	低剂量 Low dose	中剂量 Medium dose	高剂量 High dose
50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂 50% quinclorac WP (g/hm²)	600	750	900
56%二甲四氯钠粉剂 56% methoxone DP (g/hm²)	1 500	1 800	2 250
57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油 (mL/hm²) 57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC	750	1 050	1 650
清水Water (CK)	-	-	-

除草剂Herbicide	剂量Dose	株高Plant height (cm)	茎粗Stem diameter (cm)	展开叶数量Unfold leaf (片)
50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂50% quinclorac WP (g/hm²)	600	65.18±1.06bcd	1.20±0.25cde	6.33±0.58bc
	750	66.77±1.09bcd	1.42±0.33bc	6.33±0.58bc
	900	63.94±1.72de	1.03±0.17def	5.67±0.58c
56%二甲四氯钠粉剂56% methoxone DP (g/hm²)	1 500	65.88±1.05bcd	1.23±0.08cd	6.33±0.58bc
	1 800	68.20±1.23ab	1.67±0.10ab	7.67±0.58a
	2 250	61.25±2.87ef	0.84±0.21ef	4.67±0.58d
57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC (mL/hm²)	750	67.35±0.97abc	1.58±0.11ab	7.67±0.58a
	1 050	70.45±2.33a	1.83±0.18a	7.67±0.58a
	1 650	59.21±2.83f	0.72±0.19f	4.00±0d
对照CK	-	65.00±1.76de	1.12±0.40cde	6.00±0bc

除草剂Herbicide	剂量 Dose	叶绿素相对含量SPAD
除草剂Herbicide	剂量 Dose	1d	5d	10d	20d
50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂50% quinclorac WP (g/hm²)	600	44.11±1.34abc	42.52±1.04bc	50.67±1.01bc	59.50±1.69ef
	750	42.68±0.92cdef	40.48±1.55c	47.24±0.88d	63.07±0.75bc
	900	41.51±0.94def	36.10±1.04d	44.04±1.38e	58.37±0.99f
56%二甲四氯钠粉剂56% methoxone DP (g/hm²)	1 500	44.49±1.29abc	42.88±1.11b	52.05±0.94b	60.32±0.82def
	1 800	43.14±0.97bcde	40.78±1.57c	49.97±0.71c	64.48±1.06ab
	2 250	41.12±1.38ef	32.27±1.86e	38.62±0.62f	55.38±0.61g
57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC (mL/hm²)	750	44.88±1.59ab	43.35±1.36b	53.85±1.02a	61.78±1.75cd
	1 050	43.51±0.66abcd	42.18±1.10bc	50.89±0.92bc	66.18±1.22a
	1 650	40.77±1.62f	30.07±0.75f	38.63±1.62f	53.41±1.48g
对照CK	-	45.17±0.74a	48.61±0.20a	55.26±0.76a	61.28±1.00cde

除草剂 Herbicide	剂量 Dose	净光合速率P_n [μmolCO₂/(m²·s)]
除草剂 Herbicide	剂量 Dose	1d	5d	10d	20d
50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂50% quinclorac WP (g/hm²)	600	29.47±0.29abc	27.02±0.54bcd	33.80±0.61abc	39.88±1.05cd
	750	28.32±0.89cd	25.53±1.30de	32.17±1.53cd	42.25±1.00b
	900	27.33±0.63de	24.09±0.64e	30.68±1.04d	38.88±0.85de
56%二甲四氯钠粉剂56% methoxone DP (g/hm²)	1 500	29.68±0.91ab	27.96±0.91bc	34.11±0.64ab	40.89±0.87bc
	1 800	28.88±0.94bc	26.43±1.22 cd	33.00±0.74 bc	43.80±0.57a
	2 250	27.19±0.80de	21.94±1.12f	25.75±1.03e	37.97±0.88ef
57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC (mL/hm²)	750	29.99±0.28ab	28.04±0.85b	34.50±1.09ab	41.75±0.85b
	1 050	28.97±0.03abc	27.78±0.05bc	33.88±0.65abc	44.76±0.93a
	1 650	27.03±0.53e	20.02±0.90g	24.78±1.93e	36.58±0.54f
对照CK	-	30.13±1.07a	32.39±1.16a	35.44±0.73a	41.84±0.89d

除草剂 Herbicide	剂量 Dose	杂草防效(%) Weed control effect	穗长(cm) Ear length	一级枝梗数(个) Primary branch number	千粒重(g) Thousand seed weight	平均产量 (kg/hm²) Yield
50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂	600	80.69±0.82e	26.90±0.22ab	72.00±0.15abcd	24.20±0.40d	8 759.25±167.76ab
50% quinclorac WP (g/hm²)	750	86.09±1.14d	27.10±0.11ab	77.70±0.21ab	25.00±0.33bc	9 137.25±56.00a
	900	88.80±1.55c	26.60±0.09 abc	71.30±0.23abcd	24.58±0.49d	8 690.15±64.22abc
56%二甲四氯钠粉剂(g/hm²)	1 500	82.01±1.89e	26.90±0.41ab	75.00±0.44abc	24.35±0.38d	8 922.00±88.35ab
56% methoxone DP	1 800	87.47±1.22c	27.20±0.08a	79.30±0.58a	25.25±0.23b	9 293.18±69.69a
	2 250	89.36±0.80bc	26.60±0.14 abc	71.30±1.25 abcd	21.33±0.25e	7 356.25±94.81cd
57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油(mL/hm²)	750	84.87±1.31d	27.00±0.16a	77.00±0.89a	24.50±0.18cd	9 046.80±110.89ab
57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC	1 050	91.06±0.94b	27.30±0.04a	79.30±1.01a	26.25±0.36a	9 535.05±107.32a
	1 650	93.29±1.04a	26.10±0.20bc	67.30±0.99 bcd	20.75±0.57e	7 114.95±109.64d
对照CK	-	-	26.60±0.13abc	70.30±1.25abcd	24.50±0.26cd	7 672.50±142.84bcd