苗期和灌浆期干旱-复水对高粱光合特性和物质生产的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.03.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究以高粱吉杂305和吉杂127为试验材料,研究苗期和灌浆期干旱-复水过程对高粱光合特性和物质生产的影响。结果表明,在苗期和灌浆期干旱胁迫下,2个高粱品种的光合作用受到了明显的抑制,其中净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）、电子传递效率（ETR）和相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值）均出现了不同程度的下降,且吉杂305降幅低于吉杂127,而干旱使初始荧光（Fo）升高,且吉杂127升高幅度较大。2个时期干旱-复水后,吉杂305光合指标均有所恢复且与对照比较差异不显著,而吉杂127恢复程度有限,除苗期Pn、Ci,灌浆期Gs等指标外,其余光合指标与对照比较差异显著。经历2个时期干旱-复水导致高粱各器官的干物质量、单株子粒产量、单株生物产量和收获指数降低,吉杂127各产量指标的降幅均高于吉杂305,抗旱指数较低。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 高粱, 光合特性, 物质生产

Abstract:

Sorghum hybrids Jiza 305 and Jiza 127 were used as experimental materials to study the effects of drought and rewatering at seedling and filling stages on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter production of sorghum. The results showed that the photosynthesis of two sorghum cultivars was inhibited under drought stress at the seedling and filling stages. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum photochemistry (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), electron transfer rate (ETR) and SPAD all decreased in different degrees, and the declined extent of above-mentioned parameters of Jiza 305 was lower than those of Jiza 127. However, under drought conditions, the initial fluorescence (Fo) of Jiza 127 increased higher than that of Jiza 305. After rewatering, the photosynthetic parameters of Jiza 305 were restored and no significant difference was observed between Jiza 305 and the control, the recovery of other parameters after rewatering in Jiza 127 was limited, except for Pn and Ci at the seedling stage and Gs at the filling stage, the other photosynthetic indexex were significant difference compaired with control. After two periods of drought and rewatering, the dry matter weight, grain yield, biomass yield and harvest index of sorghum organs decreased. The yield of Jiza 127 declined in a larger extent than that of Jiza 305. Jiza 127 showed a lower drought resistance index.

Key words: Drought stress, Sorghum, Photosynthetic characteristics, Dry matter production

张姣,吴奇,周宇飞,王艺陶,张瑞栋,黄瑞冬. 苗期和灌浆期干旱-复水对高粱光合特性和物质生产的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2018 (3): 148–154

Jiao Zhang,Qi Wu,Yufei Zhou,Yitao Wang,Ruidong Zhang,Ruidong Huang. Effects of Drought and Rewatering at Seedling and Filling Stages on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Production of Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2018(3): 148–154

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生育时期 Growth stage	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	叶(g) Leaf	茎(g) Stem	鞘(g) Sheath	穗(g) Panicle	根(g) Root	根冠比 Root/Shoot
苗期Seedling stage	吉杂127 Jiza 127	DS	16.9b	10.4b	9.0c		18.6c	0.51ab
		CK	20.2a	17.8a	12.1b		27.0ab	0.48b
	吉杂305 Jiza 305	DS	20.1ab	13.0b	11.4b		25.1b	0.54a
		CK	23.0a	19.0a	18.2a		29.0a	0.45b
	吉杂127 Jiza 127	RW	21.2b	12.9b	13.8a		21.9b	0.47a
		CK	23.6a	17.2ab	14.8a		24.8ab	0.46a
	吉杂305 Jiza 305	RW	24.7a	17.8ab	13.5a		28.1a	0.48a
		CK	25.3a	22.3a	16.6a		29.1a	0.43a
灌浆期Filling stage	吉杂127 Jiza 127	DS	19.4c	28.4c	12.5c	56.5d	27.4d	0.22b
		CK	26.2ab	41.4ab	16.4b	75.9b	40.7b	0.23ab
	吉杂305 Jiza 305	DS	24.1bc	33.7bc	16.7b	67.3c	38.2c	0.24a
		CK	28.5a	43.3a	20.5a	89.6a	44.4a	0.22b
	吉杂127 Jiza 127	RW	21.7c	33.3c	13.8c	69.0c	34.1c	0.23a
		CK	28.6ab	42.9a	17.8ab	81.0bc	40.6b	0.22a
	吉杂305 Jiza 305	RW	25.9b	37.1b	17.0bc	90.8ab	41.0b	0.22a
		CK	30.5a	43.6a	20.7a	101.7a	50.3a	0.24a

品种 Cultivar		单株子粒产量(g) Grain yield per plant	单株生物产量(g) Biological yield per plant	收获指数 Harvest index	抗旱指数 Drought resistance index
吉杂127 Jiza 127	处理Treatment	47.75c	129.35b	0.38	0.54
	CK	74.42ab	179.45a	0.40
吉杂305 Jiza 305	处理Treatment	66.56b	169.55a	0.39	0.97
	CK	82.02a	193.57a	0.41