控释氮肥运筹对丰油10号光合性能及产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.02.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮素运筹是调控作物生长及光合生产率的重要手段。以丰油10号为研究对象,探讨不同氮肥及其施用量对油菜叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、光合参数及农艺性状和产量的影响,探索简化高效的施肥量和施肥方式。结果表明,随着氮肥施用量的增加,蕾薹期和花期的叶绿素SPAD值和叶面积指数均有所增加,花期的叶绿素SPAD值明显高于对照N0。而与光合作用相关的4个参数净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）在蕾薹期受氮肥施用量影响较显著,花期差异不显著。当采用尿素分次施用纯氮量达到240kg/hm ²（U16）时,可显著增加株高、一次分枝数、一次分枝角果数和单株角果数,此时产量最高,为2 929.33kg/hm ²。当采用缓释氮肥一次性基施纯氮量达到180kg/hm ²（CRU12）时,产量较高,为2 696.17kg/hm ²,与分次施用不同量尿素处理的产量差异均不显著,省时省工,是简化高效的施肥技术。

关键词: 氮肥, 光合参数, 缓释氮肥, 油菜, 丰油10号

Abstract:

Nitrogen nutrition regulation is an important means to regulate crop growth and photosynthetic rate. To explore simplified and efficient nitrogen fertilizer management, the hybrid rapeseed Fengyou 10 was used to investigate the effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates and slow-release urea on chlorophyll content, leaf area index, photosynthetic parameters, agronomic traits and yield. The result showed that, as nitrogen application rates increased, chlorophyll content and leaf area index at budding and flowering period increased, and the values of chlorophyll content at flowering period was significantly higher than the control N0. Nitrogen application rates had significant effects on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO₂ concentration at budding period, but little effects on these four photosynthetic parameters at flowering period. The plant height, the branch number, siliques number of 1st branches and total siliques number per plant significantly increased and the highest yield was 2 929.33kg/hm ² when the urea application rate reached 240kg/hm ², While the slow-release urea application rate reached to 180kg/hm ², the highest yield was 2 696.17kg/hm ² and had no significant difference with that of separately application, which was simplified and efficient fertilizer management.

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Photosynthetic parameters, Slow-release urea, Brassica napus, Fengyou 10

蔡东芳,张书芬,王建平,何俊平,曹金华,文雁成,赵磊,王东国,朱家成. 控释氮肥运筹对丰油10号光合性能及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2018 (2): 136–140

Dongfang Cai,Shufen Zhang,Jianping Wang,Junping He,Jinhua Cao,Yancheng Wen,Lei Zhao,Dongguo Wang,Jiacheng Zhu. Effects of Slow-Released Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield in Brassica napus (Fengyou 10)[J]. Crops, 2018(2): 136–140

图/表 4

表1

表2

表3

表4

不同施氮量条件下农艺性状和产量的比较"

处理 Treatment	株高(cm) Plant height	第一分枝高度(cm) 1st branch height	一次分枝数 1st branches	主花序Main inflorescence		一次分枝角果数 Pods of 1st branch	单株角果数 Pods per plant	角长(cm) Pod length	角粒数 Seeds per pod	千粒重(g) 1000-seed weight	子粒产量(kg/hm²) Seed yield
处理 Treatment	株高(cm) Plant height	第一分枝高度(cm) 1st branch height	一次分枝数 1st branches	长度(cm) Length	角果数 Pods	一次分枝角果数 Pods of 1st branch	单株角果数 Pods per plant	角长(cm) Pod length	角粒数 Seeds per pod	千粒重(g) 1000-seed weight	子粒产量(kg/hm²) Seed yield
N0	152.13±5.79b	67.34±4.64ab	6.23±0.50b	46.43±5.80a	51.10±4.45a	126.03±9.76b	177.71±12.57b	8.01±0.63a	26.85±1.37a	3.25±0.07ab	2 255.33±99.61b
U4	163.68±8.40ab	75.25±5.99ab	6.17±0.56b	52.03±4.88a	58.30±3.88a	133.34±23.05ab	182.41±24.43b	7.91±0.21a	29.13±2.78a	3.12±0.15ab	2 756.00±103.95a
U8	161.23±13.62ab	75.46±10.59ab	6.63±0.75ab	48.01±8.22a	57.79±2.39a	120.79±4.36b	175.61±1.98b	8.33±0.58a	28.88±2.34a	3.27±0.05a	2 666.67±195.96a
U12	160.03±6.16ab	75.37±10.69ab	6.68±0.42ab	46.98±8.31a	55.13±7.44a	141.38±41.93ab	195.83±46.74ab	7.99±0.77a	27.12±2.54a	3.18±0.15ab	2 806.17±144.46a
U16	168.54±12.90a	63.13±9.66b	7.49±0.30a	53.68±7.82a	57.79±3.54a	168.05±13.79a	225.61±15.48a	8.50±0.62a	29.28±3.20a	3.25±0.31ab	2 929.33±299.34a
N12	163.67±7.05ab	75.88±6.20ab	7.08±0.59ab	50.92±2.65a	57.82±5.57a	128.62±10.29b	188.02±12.07ab	7.95±0.69a	28.11±1.33a	3.16±0.14ab	2 632.33±118.04ab
CRU4	158.13±6.77ab	77.92±2.14a	6.17±1.02b	44.88±2.88a	51.73±6.16a	123.58±30.64b	178.58±28.46b	8.31±01.26a	29.06±1.15a	3.20±0.12ab	2 540.33±243.38ab
CRU8	162.29±12.37ab	77.88±7.28a	6.38±0.65b	47.05±7.74a	54.43±4.23a	113.30±9.02b	168.09±7.06b	7.98±0.27a	26.21±4.21a	3.00±0.24ab	2 590.17±285.58ab
CRU12	155.29±6.82ab	71.58±9.21ab	6.50±0.98ab	46.08±7.42a	52.21±5.33a	135.67±35.26ab	183.91±43.30b	7.98±1.10a	28.86±2.12a	3.06±0.20ab	2 696.17±362.13a
CRU16	157.83±12.21ab	74.23±8.07ab	6.60±0.60ab	46.87±6.30a	59.13±3.35a	131.88±19.26ab	179.42±32.63b	7.89±1.03a	27.46±0.81a	2.96±0.09b	2 613.00±28.23ab

表4

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处理 Treatment	叶绿素SPAD值Chlorophyll content		叶面积指数Leaf area index
处理 Treatment	蕾薹期Budding period	花期Flowering period	蕾薹期Budding period	花期Flowering period
N0	42.11±1.75a	49.04±3.65b	2.67±0.24a	6.02±0.64a
U4	42.70±2.45a	50.53±2.10ab	2.79±0.64a	6.79±0.52a
U8	42.51±0.86a	53.68±3.17a	3.03±0.55a	6.50±0.90a
U12	45.17±2.02a	53.74±1.84a	3.70±0.52a	7.10±0.94a
U16	44.89±2.23a	52.13±2.93ab	3.40±0.14a	6.86±0.91a
N12	44.82±0.85a	52.85±2.23ab	3.07±0.09a	7.07±0.95a
CRU4	44.21±1.08a	51.79±1.00ab	2.81±0.74a	6.23±0.41a
CRU8	43.09±1.78a	51.55±1.80ab	3.27±0.42a	6.38±0.30a
CRU12	43.03±1.28a	52.32±2.95ab	3.54±0.62a	6.48±0.65a
CRU16	44.31±3.44a	52.92±2.82ab	3.56±0.74a	6.40±0.26a

处理Treatment	光合速率Pn [μmol/(m²·s)]		蒸腾速率Tr [mmol/(m²·s)]		气孔导度Gs [mmol/(m²·s)]		胞间CO₂浓度Ci (μmol/mol)
处理Treatment	蕾薹期 Budding period	花期 Flowering period	蕾薹期 Budding period	花期 Flowering period	蕾薹期 Budding period	花期 Flowering period	蕾薹期 Budding period	花期 Flowering period
N0	20.73±4.20c	25.20±0.78a	3.53±0.35c	2.80±0.11a	335.13±75.50a	142.50±8.22a	350.23±33.48a	199.33±43.66a
U4	29.39±2.04ab	22.38±1.10a	3.54±0.36bc	2.75±0.66a	332.93±36.48a	137.33±37.50a	326.63±17.69abc	190.33±53.53a
U8	26.22±2.37abc	22.72±0.66a	3.97±0.38abc	2.44±0.51a	361.40±84.91a	137.25±20.29a	341.47±45.84ab	167.00±27.62a
U12	30.92±2.43a	22.07±3.57a	4.24±0.28ab	2.67±0.77a	321.03±40.18a	148.23±30.08a	284.23±20.62bc	179.67±29.94a
U16	25.85±2.68abc	22.21±2.67a	3.69±0.13bc	2.99±0.43a	285.63±12.91a	144.17±30.45a	298.10±19.85abc	230.67±28.36a
N12	22.91±1.49bc	21.94±4.19a	3.48±0.33c	2.04±0.35a	251.95±11.95a	159.57±16.36a	316.43±23.47abc	196.67±20.55a
CRU4	28.06±4.94abc	25.58±2.39a	3.67±0.21bc	2.95±0.20a	343.60±25.46a	170.57±16.14a	282.37±27.15bc	188.33±10.26a
CRU8	27.00±1.79abc	23.31±1.28a	3.82±0.36bc	2.41±0.54a	332.47±73.84a	135.80±49.64a	297.23±40.48abc	189.50±10.61a
CRU12	30.92±2.67a	23.33±1.41a	4.10±0.54abc	2.35±0.21a	348.73±80.70a	153.70±48.87a	280.70±26.23c	176.67±46.48a
CRU16	30.25±2.79ab	25.48±4.23a	4.62±0.30a	2.40±0.71a	365.97±55.07a	147.60±47.80a	309.70±35.99abc	180.67±20.40a