不同覆盖方式对大棚滴灌番茄水分利用和经济效益的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.02.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探明不同覆盖方式对黄土高原东部大棚滴灌番茄水分利用及经济效益的影响,在黄土高原东部进行了4种覆盖方式试验——地膜半覆盖（FH）、地膜全覆盖（FW）、秸秆全覆盖（SW）、秸秆地膜覆盖（SF）,以不覆盖（CK）为对照。结果表明,SW和SF处理可分别显著提高番茄收获后0~120cm土层贮水量13.67%和28.49%,分别显著降低耗水量5.39%和14.84%。FH处理可显著降低番茄收获后0~120cm土层贮水量21.34%,显著提高耗水量8.35%。不同覆盖方式可显著增加番茄产量22.83%~50.35%,显著提高水分利用效率29.83%~67.65%,显著增加番茄产量收入和纯收益。SF处理比其他处理显著提高番茄水分利用效率15.19%~29.13%。FH处理较其他覆盖处理显著提高了番茄产量收入和纯收益。

关键词: 番茄, 大棚, 土壤水分, 水分利用, 经济效益

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted at the east of the Loess Plateau to determine the effects of different mulching patterns on water use and economic returns of tomato under drip irrigation condition in plastic house. No mulch (CK), film half mulch (FH), film whole mulch (FW), straw whole mulch (SW), straw-film mulch (SF) were applied into field plots. The results showed that SW and SF treatments significantly increased soil moisture storage by 13.67% and 28.49% respectively in 0-120cm soil layer, and significantly decreased evapotranspiration rate by 5.39% and 14.84% respectively compared with control. FH treatment significantly decreased soil moisture storage by 21.34%, and significantly increased evapotranspiration by 8.35% compared with control in 0-120cm soil layer. Different mulching patterns significantly increased tomato yield by 22.83%-50.35%, and significantly increased water use efficiency by 29.83%-67.65%, and significantly increased tomato yield income and net return. SF treatment significantly increased water use efficiency by 15.19%-29.13% compared with other mulch treatments. FH treatment significantly increased tomato yield income and net return compared with other mulch treatments. It was suggested that FH treatment had an significant effect on increasing farmers income.

Key words: Plastic house, Mulch, Soil moisture, Water use, Economic returns

王晓娟,赵圆峰,王娟玲,翟广谦,刘恩科,董春林,闫六英,张伟,姜春霞,张正. 不同覆盖方式对大棚滴灌番茄水分利用和经济效益的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2018 (2): 103–107

Xiaojuan Wang,Yuanfeng Zhao,Juanling Wang,Guangqian Zhai,Enke Liu,Chunlin Dong,Liuying Yan,Wei Zhang,Chunxia Jiang,Zheng Zhang. Effects of Different Mulching Patterns on Water Use and Economic Returns of Drop Irrigation Tomato Planted in Plastic House[J]. Crops, 2018(2): 103–107

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处理 Treatment	投入Investment		总投入 Total investment	产量收入 Yield income	纯收益 Net return
处理 Treatment	覆盖材料Mulching material	其他Others	总投入 Total investment	产量收入 Yield income	纯收益 Net return
CK	-	53 302.1	53 302.1	66 480.3e	13 178.2e
FH	667.2	53 302.1	53 969.3	106 297.8a	52 328.5a
FW	1 334.4	53 302.1	54 636.5	94 409.6c	39 773.1c
SW	400.0	53 302.1	53 702.1	81 951.3d	28 249.2d
SF	566.9	53 302.1	53 869.0	100 575.3b	46 706.3b