氮肥和密度对高粱产量及氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.05.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究氮肥施用量和密度对高粱产量的影响,在大田试验条件下,采用裂区设计,以密度为主区,以氮肥施用量为副区,分别设置3个密度水平（7.5万、10.5万和13.5万株/hm ²）和5个氮肥水平（0、75、150、225和300kg/hm ²）,对不同密度和氮肥处理的产量构成因素和农艺性状进行分析,结果表明：高粱的产量先随密度的增加和氮肥施用量的增加呈增加趋势,在密度为10.5万株/hm ²,施氮量为225kg/hm ²时,高粱的产量达到最高。在不同密度和氮肥处理,高粱的单位面积穗数和穗粒数变异较大,千粒重变异较小。密度主要是通过单位面积穗数,氮肥主要是通过穗粒数来影响产量的构成。施氮量与高粱产量是非线性关系,氮肥在高密度条件下对产量的调控更加明显。氮肥的农学利用率在高密度处理比低密度处理要高,并随着氮肥施用量的增加呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,在密度为13.5万株/hm ²,施氮量为150kg/hm ²时,氮肥的农学利用率达到最大。本研究表明,增加密度、控制氮肥用量是增加高粱产量和提高氮肥利用率的有效措施,建议晋杂23号在汾阳种植时宜采用密度为10.5万株/hm ²,施氮量为225kg/hm ²的种植模式。

关键词: 高粱, 氮肥, 密度, 产量构成因素, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of nitrogen amount and density on the sorghum yield. The experiment was carried out under field condition and the split plot design was used with the plant density as main plots and the nitrogen amount as the sub plots. The sorghum density were set as three levels with 7.5×10 ⁴ plants/hm ², 10.5×10 ⁴ plants/hm ² and 13.5×10 ⁴ plants/hm ² and the amount of N were set at five levels with 0kg/hm ², 75kg/hm ², 150kg/hm ², 225kg/hm ² and 300kg/hm ², respectively. The results showed that the sorghum yield improved with the increased density and nitrogen application, and the yield was reached to the highest when the density was 10.5×10 ⁴ plants/hm ² and the nitrogen was applied with 225kg/hm ². Under the different levels of nitrogen applications and plant densities, there was an obvious variation for ear number and grain number, however, small variations were obtained for the thousands seeds weight. It indicated that the grain yield was influenced by the plant density mainly affected by the ear number per area, and by the nitrogen fertilizer mainly affected by the grain number per panicle. A non-linear relationship was achieved between the nitrogen application and the sorghum yield which meants that the sorghum yield could be adjusted by the nitrogen application under the high plant density. For the agricultural utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, it was higher under high density level than that under low density level, and it firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. In addition, it was proved that the agricultural utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer reached to the highest with the plant density of 13.5×10 ⁴ plants/hm ² and nitrogen application of 150kg/hm ². The study concluded that increasing the density and controlling the amount of nitrogen fertilizer were effective tools to increase the sorghum production and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. The plant mode of nitrogen application of 225kg/hm ² under the plant density of 10.5×10 ⁴ plants/hm ² for the variety of Jinza 23 was recommended in Fenyang region.

Key words: Sorghum, Nitrogen, Density, Yield component, Nitrogen use efficient

张瑞栋,曹雄,岳忠孝,梁晓红,刘静,黄敏佳. 氮肥和密度对高粱产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2018 (5): 110–115

Zhang Ruidong,Cao Xiong,Yue Zhongxiao,Liang Xiaohong,Liu Jing,Huang Minjia. Effects of Nitrogen and Density Interaction on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sorghum[J]. Crops, 2018(5): 110–115

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处理 Treatment		单位面积穗数 Panicles per hm²	穗粒数 Seeds per panicle	千粒重(g) 1000-seed weight	SPAD	LAI	单株生物量(g) Weight per plant	HI	产量(kg/hm²) Yield
D1	N1	65 089.54e	2 797.26g	30.89ef	54.33a	4.55k	274.84cd	0.36a	5 806.94k
	N2	65 447.48e	3 110.83e	31.14de	52.33b	4.64j	292.59b	0.36a	6 433.72j
	N3	66 518.00e	3 261.49bc	31.61ab	51.67bc	4.82i	306.25a	0.35ab	7 081.06i
	N4	66 622.95e	3 323.61ab	31.61ab	51.67bc	4.92h	309.53a	0.35abc	7 217.40gh
	N5	66 682.61e	3 348.03a	31.67a	51.67bc	5.00h	312.41a	0.35abc	7 304.12fg
D2	N1	82 426.64d	2 753.65gh	30.39h	51.33bc	5.26g	271.05cde	0.34bcd	7 102.54hi
	N2	83 352.63d	2 891.77f	31.05e	51.33bc	5.39f	280.60c	0.34cd	7 780.91e
	N3	84 787.83cd	3 171.53de	31.39bcd	51.00bc	5.50e	303.25a	0.33de	8 713.25c
	N4	86 022.16c	3 220.28cd	31.58abc	50.67bc	5.71d	307.28a	0.33de	8 953.46a
	N5	86 869.81c	3 177.12de	31.33cd	50.00cd	5.85c	305.86a	0.33de	8 862.16ab
D3	N1	82 814.32d	2 623.85i	29.29j	50.00cd	6.25b	270.93de	0.33ef	6 437.84j
	N2	93 187.07b	2 630.02i	30.04i	48.67de	6.34b	258.18fg	0.33ef	7 369.07f
	N3	101 114.29a	2 654.81i	30.58gh	48.67de	6.44a	253.70g	0.32f	8 487.88d
	N4	101 793.23a	2 749.50gh	30.70fg	47.00ef	6.47a	263.95ef	0.32f	8 866.05ab
	N5	102 499.33a	2 702.34hi	30.70fg	45.33f	6.46a	263.90ef	0.30g	8 768.85bc
CV(%)		16.62	9.27	2.17	4.43	12.56	7.40	4.88	13.52
		显著性检验（P值）Significance test（P value）
D		0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0401	0.0001	0.0002	0.0027	0.0001
N		0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001
D×N		0.0001	0.0001	0.0334	0.2348	0.0001	0.0001	0.7808	0.0001

处理 Treatment	单位面积穗数 Panicles per hm²	穗粒数 Seeds per panicle	千粒重(g) 1000-seed weight	SPAD	LAI	单株生物量(g) Weight per plant	HI	产量(kg/hm²) Yield
密度水平Level of density
D1	66 072.12c	3 168.24a	31.39a	51.20a	4.79c	299.12a	0.35a	6 768.65c
D2	84 691.82b	3 042.87b	31.15b	50.53ab	5.54b	293.61a	0.34b	8 282.46a
D3	96 281.65a	2 672.10c	30.26c	49.40b	6.39a	262.13b	0.32c	7 985.94b
CV(%)	18.51	8.71	1.92	1.81	14.36	7.00	4.54	10.45
氮水平Level of nitrogen
N1	76 776.84e	2 724.92e	30.19c	47.00d	5.35e	272.28c	0.31c	6 449.11d
N2	80 662.40d	2 877.54d	30.74b	49.56c	5.46d	277.12c	0.33b	7 194.56c
N3	84 140.04c	3 029.28c	31.19a	51.22b	5.59c	287.74b	0.34a	8 094.06b
N4	84 812.78b	3 097.80a	31.30a	51.44b	5.70b	293.59a	0.35a	8 345.64a
N5	85 350.59a	3 075.83b	31.24a	52.67a	5.77a	294.06a	0.34a	8 311.71a
CV(%)	4.39	5.32	1.52	4.35	3.08	3.45	4.54	10.83

相关系数Correlation coefficient	单位面积穗数 Panicles per hm²	穗粒数 Seeds per panicle	千粒重 1000-seed weight	SPAD	LAI	单株生物量 Weight per plant	HI	产量 Yield
单位面积穗数Panicles per hm²	1
穗粒数Seeds per panicle	-0.62^*	1
千粒重1000-seed weight	-0.44	0.89^**	1
SPAD	-0.07	0.71^**	0.85^**	1
LAI	0.94^**	-0.62^*	-0.57^*	-0.14	1
单株生物量Weight per plant	-0.65^**	0.98^**	0.80^**	0.59^*	-0.61^*	1
HI	-0.41	0.86^**	0.96^**	0.86^**	-0.52^*	0.73^**	1
产量Yield	0.73^**	0.07	0.25	0.52^*	0.62^*	0.02	0.23	1