深松对向日葵光合性能及产量的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.01.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索油用向日葵产量、叶片光合特性及叶片衰老对深松的响应,2016-2017年,以油用向日葵T562为供试材料,测定了不同处理（深松45cm、深松30cm、浅旋15cm）不同生育时期向日葵叶片的净光合速率（P_n）、叶片SPAD值、产量构成和枯叶数。结果表明,深松处理的向日葵产量和P_n较浅旋有显著提高。开花后,随着生育进程推进,P_n呈先增加后下降的趋势,在现蕾-初花阶段达到最大值;P_n值表现为深松45cm>深松30cm>浅旋15cm;不同层面叶片SPAD值表现为深松处理高于浅旋;下部叶片自初花至终花期,SPAD值呈下降趋势,以浅旋15cm处理的降幅最大,深松45cm处理的降幅最小。深松处理可以延缓向日葵叶片衰老进程,深松措施能够调节产量构成因素,整体表现为：单盘粒重、结实率、千粒重和子仁率随深松深度的增加呈增加趋势,其中深松处理对单盘粒重影响最大,其次为千粒重和子仁率,最终提高了子实产量。

关键词: 向日葵, 深松, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

To explore the response of oil sunflower yield, leaf photosynthetic characteristics and leaf senescence to the subsoiling, in 2016-2017, oil sunflower T562 was used as the test material, and different treatments (subsoiling 45cm, subsoiling 30cm, and shallow rotation 15cm) were examined for the net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of sunflower leaves at different growth stages, leaf SPAD, yield composition, and number of dead leaves. The results showed that the yield and P_n of subsoiling treatments sunflower were significantly superior than that of shallow rotation. After flowering, with the progress of fertility process, the P_n of leaves increased first and then decreased, reaching the maximum in the bud-initial flowering stage; the P_n value was expressed as subsoiling 45cm>subsoiling 30cm>shallow rotation 15cm; The SPAD value of the leaf layer showed that the subsoiling treatment was higher than the shallow rotation; the lower leaf from the initial flowering to the final flowering stage, the SPAD value showed a downward trend, and the decrease was the largest with the shallow rotation of 15cm, and the smallest with the subsoiling of 45cm. The results showed that subsoiling treatment could delay the senescence process of sunflower leaves, and the subsoiling measures could adjust the yield components. The overall performance is as follows: grain weight per disk, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and seed kernel rate increase with the increase of subsoiling depth. Among them, subsoiling treatment had the greatest impact on grain weight per disk, followed by 1000-grain weight and seed kernel rate, finally achieved the yield increase.

Key words: Sunflower, Subsoiling, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

胡树平,孟天天,赵卉,包海柱. 深松对向日葵光合性能及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (1): 116–120

Shuping Hu,Tiantian Meng,Hui Zhao,Haizhu Bao. Effects of Subsoiling on Photosynthetic Performance and Yield of Sunflower[J]. Crops, 2019(1): 116–120

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处理 Treatment	均值Mean [μmol/(m²·s)]	生育时期 Growth stage	均值Mean [μmol/(m²·s)]
浅旋15cm (RT)	17.1b	终花期(FP)	14.7d
深松30cm (S30)	17.9b	现蕾期(SP)	17.6c
深松45cm (S45)	20.2a	花后14d (EP+14d)	17.7c
-	-	花后7d (EP+7d)	20.0b
-	-	初花期(EP)	22.1a

处理Treatment	单盘粒重Grain weight per disk (g)		结实率Seed-setting rate (%)		子仁率Seed kernel rate (%)		千粒重1000-grain weight (g)		产量Yield (kg/hm²)
处理Treatment	均值Average	较RT增幅(%) Increase amplitude over RT	均值Average	较RT增幅(%) Increase amplitude over RT	均值Average	较RT增幅(%) Increase amplitude over RT	均值Average	较RT增幅(%) Increase amplitude over RT	均值Average	较RT增幅(%) Increase amplitude over RT
RT	84.29c	-	89.54c	-	63.23c	-	58.11b	-	4 800.0c	-
S30	90.71b	7.6	92.05b	2.8	67.39b	6.6	60.44b	4.0	5 052.0b	5.3
S45	96.19a	14.1	94.38a	5.4	69.55a	10.0	64.02a	10.2	5 256.0a	9.5