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作物杂志,2019, 第2期: 192–196 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.02.030

所属专题： 油料作物

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    

轮作及农艺措施对减轻向日葵列当危害的影响

白雨,韩雪莹,董海洋,乌云苏都,李冰圳,陈贵林   

  1. 牧草与特色作物生物技术教育部重点实验室/内蒙古大学生命科学学院/内蒙古自治区 中蒙药材规范化生产工程技术研究中心,010070,内蒙古呼和浩特
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-24 修回日期:2019-02-02 出版日期:2019-04-15 发布日期:2019-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 陈贵林
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古大学校级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201714319)

Effects of Rotation and Agronomic Measures on Reducing the Damage of Orobanche cumana

Yu Bai,Xueying Han,Haiyang Dong,Sudu Wuyun,Bingzhen Li,Guilin Chen   

  1. Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education/School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University/The Good Agriculture Practice Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2018-12-24 Revised:2019-02-02 Online:2019-04-15 Published:2019-04-12
  • Contact: Guilin Chen

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摘要：

向日葵列当对向日葵生产带来严重危害,目前向日葵生产中主要通过化学除草、选择抗性品种进行防除。通过合理轮作是减轻列当危害的有效手段,但是如何选择轮作作物、其防除效果如何并不清晰。采用向日葵连作重茬土壤进行盆栽试验,并进行田间调查,研究结果表明：向日葵与燕麦、小麦和马铃薯轮作均可不同程度地降低向日葵列当寄生率,其中向日葵—燕麦—向日葵轮作对列当耗减最多,与对照组（向日葵连作）相比列当寄生率降低30%。向日葵—燕麦—向日葵—燕麦—向日葵、向日葵—小麦—向日葵—小麦—向日葵轮作列当寄生率均低于50%,两者差异不显著,而显著低于向日葵—马铃薯—向日葵—马铃薯—向日葵轮作处理。田间调查结果显示向日葵的花盘直径与列当寄生数呈负相关,地膜覆盖对向日葵列当寄生影响不大。综合得出,燕麦是一种良好的向日葵列当诱捕作物,适合在内蒙古等食用向日葵主产区推广应用。

关键词: 向日葵列当, 轮作, 向日葵, 诱捕作物, 地膜覆盖

Abstract:

Orobanche cumana is a sever parasite to sunflower production and at present is mainly controlled by chemical weeding and selection of resistant varieties. Reasonable rotation is an effective means to alleviate the problem, but rotating crop varieties and the effect of the measure are not clear. In this experiment, pot experiment and field investigation were both carried out. The seeds were sown in plastic pots and the soil was collected from continuous sunflower cropping yield where the O. cumana infection was sever. The results indicated that the rotation of sunflower with oat, wheat and potato could reduce the parasitism rate of O. cumana to different extents. The rotation of sunflower-oat- sunflower minimized parasite, and the parasitism rate was reduced by 30% compared with the control. The rotation of sunflower-oat-sunflower-oat-sunflower and sunflower-wheat-sunflower-wheat-sunflower had a parasitism rate of less than 50%, the difference between the two is not significant, but significantly lower than the rotation of sunflower-potato-sunflower-potato-sunflower. The field investigation results showed that the diameter of the sunflower disk was negatively correlated with the number of O. cumana, and the film mulching had little effect on the parasitization of the O. cumana. It is concluded that oat is a good trap crop of O. cumana, and suitable for promotion and application in Inner Mongolia and other places.

Key words: Orobanche cumana, Rotation, Sunflower, Trap crop, Film mulching

图1

不同轮作处理对向日葵列当寄生率的影响 不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平存在显著差异,下同"

图2

田间调查列当寄生对向日葵花盘直径的影响"

图3

覆膜处理对向日葵列当寄生数的影响"

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