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作物杂志,2019, 第3期: 91–98 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.03.015

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

株行距及穴苗数的配置对寒地水稻产量和品质的影响

曹亮,黄炳林,王孟雪,张玉先   

  1. 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,163319,黑龙江大庆
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-02 修回日期:2019-04-02 出版日期:2019-06-15 发布日期:2019-06-12
  • 通讯作者: 王孟雪,张玉先
  • 作者简介:曹亮,博士,研究方向为作物栽培生理;
  • 基金资助:
    “十二五”国家科技支撑(2015BAD23B05-08);农垦总局“十三五”重点科技计划项目—寒地水稻高效、安全生产综合配套技术示范与应用(HNK135-02-02)

Effects of Row Spacing and Number of Seedling Per Hole on Yield and Quality of Rice in Cold Regions

Cao Liang,Huang Binglin,Wang Mengxue,Zhang Yuxian   

  1. College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2019-01-02 Revised:2019-04-02 Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-06-12
  • Contact: Mengxue Wang,Yuxian Zhang

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摘要：

为明确垦稻26和龙粳31高产优质栽培的株行距和穴苗数处理,采取裂区设计进行试验研究。结果表明,最优群体因品种而异,垦稻26在株距10cm、行距30cm、5苗/穴产量最佳,龙粳31则以株距13.3cm、行距27cm、9苗/穴产量最佳;垦稻26在5苗/穴、行株距30cm×10cm处理,有利于提高稻米的碾磨品质,不利于改善稻米的外观品质,营养品质较低,利于改善稻米的食味品质,且食味评分值高达86.5,显著高于最低处理;龙粳31在5苗/穴、行株距27cm×13.3cm处理,碾磨品质较高,不利于营养品质和外观品质的改善,食味品质得到明显改善,食味评分值高达86.0,与最低处理差异达显著水平。因此,高产优质栽培要因品种选择适宜的穴苗数和株行距,是实现水稻高产优质最为快捷、最为经济有效的措施。

关键词: 水稻, 株行距, 穴苗数, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

The split-plot design was adopted for the experimental study to determine the configuration of plant spacing, row spacing and seedling number per hole of Kendao 26 and Longjing 31 for high-yield and high-quality cultivation. Results showed that optimal rice population varied with rice variety, the best configuration of Kendao 26 for rice yield was plant spacing of 10cm, row spacing of 30cm and 5 seedlings/hole, while the best configuration of Longjing 31 for rice yield was plant spacing of 13.3cm, row spacing of 27cm and 9 seedlings/hole. Cultivation of rice Kendao 26 in the configuration of plant by row spacing of 10cm×30cm and 5 rice seedlings/hole was conducive to improve the milling quality of rice but had an adverse impact on the improvement of appearance quality. The relatively low nutrition content of rice had helped the improvement of eating quality of rice with the taste score of rice up to 86.5, which was significantly different from that of rice upon minimum processing. Rice Longjing 31 cultivated in the configuration of plant by row spacing of 13.3cm×27cm and 5 seedlings/hole had high milling quality. Cultivation in such configuration was not good for improving nutritional quality or appearance quality, but its eating quality was improved substantially with its taste score reached 86.0, which was significantly different from that of rice upon minimum processing. Therefore, the appropriate configuration of seedling number per hole, plant spacing and row spacing shall be chosen in respect of different rice varieties for high-yield and high-quality cultivation, and it is the fastest and the most economical and effective measure to achieve high-yield and high-quality of rice.

Key words: Rice, Row spacing, Seedling number, Yield, Quality

表1

裂区设计处理"

主处理Main treatment 副处理Ub-treatment 重复区组Repeat groups
A1 B1 A1B1至A1B6 6个小区 A1B1至A1B6 6个小区 A1B1至A1B6 6个小区
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
A2 B1 A2B1至A2B6 6个小区 A2B1至A2B6 6个小区 A2B1至A2B6 6个小区
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
A3 B1 A3B1至A3B6 6个小区 A3B1至A3B6 6个小区 A3B1至A3B6 6个小区
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6

表2

垦稻26不同群体产量、产量构成及变异系数的比较"

处理
Treatment		 单位面积穗数
Panicles per m2		 穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率(%)
Setting percentage		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield
A1 B1 479.0aAB 97.0ijHI 92.4aA 25.4efEF 9 895.5ghFGH
B2 344.3jJ 110.8bcBC 86.5hiHI 26.3aAB 9 154.5jI
B3 391.7gH 108.5cdCD 86.1iIJ 26.0abcABCD 10 111.5fgEFG
B4 467.3bBC 102.8efgEFG 88.3fgEFGHI 25.2efF 10 888.5bcABC
B5 420.7eF 113.5bB 88.2fghFGHI 26.0abABC 11 239.5aA
B6 466.7bBC 105.4deDE 91.6abAB 25.5defCDEF 10 803.0bcBCD
A2 B1 407.0fG 101.5fghEFGH 84.1jJ 25.8bcdBCDE 9 847.5ghFGH
B2 449.7cD 96.2jIJ 90.0bcdeBCDEF 25.5defDEF 9 732.0hiGH
B3 422.7eEF 98.5hijGHI 89.3defCDEF 25.6cdeCDEF 9 510.0iHI
B4 348.3ijIJ 104.3efDEF 89.0defDEFG 25.3efEF 8 250.0kJ
B5 449.7cD 102.8efgEFG 89.6cdefBCDEF 25.6cdeCDEF 10 473.0deDE
B6 485.3aA 101.3fghEFGH 89.5cdefBCDEF 25.2fF 11 049.0abAB
A3 B1 435.3dE 100.1ghiFGHI 91.0abcABCD 25.2efF 9 547.5iHI
B2 357.0hiIJ 108.2cdCD 91.4abABC 25.1fF 8 395.5kJ
B3 360.3hI 113.8bB 88.7efEFGH 26.4aA 9 691.5hiH
B4 433.7dEF 92.3kJ 87.0ghiGHI 25.2efF 9 190.5jI
B5 385.7gH 119.4aA 90.5bcdABCDE 25.2fF 10 198.5efEF
B6 462.3bCD 98.8hijGHI 89.6cdefBCDEF 26.1abAB 10 621.5cdCD
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 11.1 7.2 2.4 1.7 15.6

表3

龙粳31不同群体产量、产量构成及变异系数的比较"

处理
Treatment		 单位面积穗数
Panicles per m2		 穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率(%)
Setting percentage		 千粒重(g)
1000-grain weight		 产量(kg/hm2)
Yield
A1 B1 488.7dCD 69.9jI 87.9cdeABCDE 24.5gFG 7 365.0iIJ
B2 457.7hH 78.3ghFG 84.8gG 25.1cdeCDE 7 629.0hHI
B3 483.3eDE 73.5iH 87.8cdeBCDEF 25.8aA 8 052.0fgFG
B4 428.3jJ 92.7bAB 89.9aA 25.6abAB 9 118.5bBC
B5 394.3mM 84.8dC 86.efEFG 24.8fEF 7 191.0iJ
B6 493.0cBC 80.3fEF 88.8abcABCD 24.0hH 8 439.0dE
A2 B1 408.3lL 83.6deCD 88.1bcdeABCDE 25.2cdBCDE 7 581.0hI
B2 475.0fF 78.9fghFG 87.0defCDEF 25.4bcBCD 8 262.0deEF
B3 452.3iHI 84.0dCD 85.9fgFG 25.4bcBC 8 289.0deEF
B4 497.3bB 79.4fgFG 88.3bcdABCDE 25.3bcBCD 8 829.0cD
B5 534.7aA 70.9jI 88.7abcABCDE 24.4gG 8 205.0efEF
B6 419.0kK 94.9aA 89.5abAB 25.6abAB 9 094.5bBC
A3 B1 466.0gG 77.3hG 87.1defCDEF 25.0defDE 7 857.0gGH
B2 486.7deD 82.2eDE 88.9abcABC 24.9defE 8 863.5cCD
B3 474.3fF 83.2deCD 89.0abcABC 24.9efEF 8 719.5cD
B4 478.3fEF 90.8cB 86.8defDEF 25.4bcBCD 9 556.5aA
B5 483.7eDE 83.7deCD 89.6abAB 25.6abAB 9 277.5bB
B6 449.0iI 91.5bcB 88.1bcdeABCDE 25.3bcBCD 9 159.0bB
变异系数Coefficient of variation (%) 9.5 8.7 1.6 1.9 8.4

表4

垦稻26和龙粳31产量构成因素与产量的相关系数"

品种
Variety		 相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率
Setting percentage		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 单位面积穗数
Panicles per m2		 产量
Yield
垦稻26 Kendao 26 穗粒数Spikelets per panicle -1
结实率Setting percentage -0.1491 -1
千粒重1000-grain weight -0.3440 -0.3901 -1
单位面积穗数Panicles per m2 -0.5002* -0.3439 -0.3324 1
产量Yield -0.2823 -0.0554 -0.1556 0.6335** 1
龙粳31 Longjing 31 穗粒数Spikelets per panicle -1
结实率Setting percentage -0.2557 -1
千粒重1000-grain weight -0.4424 -0.0223 -1
单位面积穗数Panicles per m2 -0.5834** -0.1405 -0.3517 1
产量Yield -0.6633** -0.5132* -0.3734 0.1951 1

表5

不同处理对垦稻26和龙粳31碾磨品质的影响"

处理
Treatment		 垦稻26 Kendao 26 龙粳31 Longjing 31
糙米率
Brown rice
percentage		 精米率
Milled rice
percentage		 整精米率
Head rice
percentage		 糙米率
Brown rice percentage		 精米率
Milled rice percentage		 整精米率
Head rice
percentage
A1 B1 80.4cDEF 73.7abcAB 69.9abcABC 81.6eC 75.3fC 71.7bcdAB
B2 79.9deEFG 70.5dC 66.4efDE 82.7abcAB 76.3abcdeAB 72.8aA
B3 80.5cCDE 73.5bcAB 70.1abcABC 82.4bcABC 76.2abcdeAB 70.7defBCD
B4 79.7eG 73.0cB 69.4cdABC 83.1aA 76.8aA 73.0aA
B5 80.3cdDEF 73.8abcAB 70.1abcABC 82.1cdeBC 76.6abAB 72.6abA
B6 80.5cCD 74.1abAB 70.2abcABC 82.2bcdeABC 75.8cdefBC 71.6bcdAB
A2 B1 80.4cDEF 73.8abcAB 69.2cdBCD 82.3bcdABC 76.1bcdeABC 71.6bcdAB
B2 79.9deFG 66.4fD 62.7ghFG 82.3bcdABC 75.6efBC 70.9deBCD
B3 80.3cdDEF 66.9efD 60.9hG 82.4abcABC 76.3abcdeAB 71.8abcdAB
B4 80.4cDEF 67.1efD 68.2ghFG 82.2bcdeABC 76.1abcdeABC 72.7abA
B5 80.4cDEF 67.5eD 64.4fgEF 82.7abcAB 76.4abcAB 70.0efCD
B6 80.2cdDEFG 73.8abcAB 70.0abcABC 82.8abAB 76.4abcdAB 72.2abcAB
A3 B1 81.4abAB 73.8abcAB 69.2cdBCD 82.4abcABC 76.2abcdeABC 70.7defBCD
B2 81.2bAB 73.4bcAB 67.4deCD 82.2bcdeABC 75.8cdefBC 71.1cdeBCD
B3 81.4abAB 74.3abA 69.6bcABC 82.2bcdeBC 75.8cdefBC 69.8fD
B4 81.3abAB 73.9abcAB 69.5bcdABC 82.5abcABC 76.2abcdeABC 71.5cdABC
B5 81.0bBC 74.4aA 71.5abAB 82.4bcABC 76.0bcdeABC 71.0cdeBCD
B6 81.7aA 74.4aA 72.0aA 81.7deC 75.7defBC 71.6bcdAB

表6

不同处理对垦稻26和龙粳31外观品质的影响"

处理
Treatment		 垦稻26 Kendao 26 龙粳31 Longjing 31
垩白率
Chalk percentage		 垩白度
Chalkiness degree		 垩白率
Chalk percentage		 垩白度
Chalkiness degree
A1 B1 9.4cdeBCDE 5.2cdefBCDE 4.1abcAB 1.7cA
B2 13.0aA 7.4aA 4.5abcAB 2.3abcA
B3 9.1cdefCDEF 5.7cdefCDE 4.1abcAB 2.0abcA
B4 10.3bcdBCD 5.7bcdeBCD 3.9abcAB 2.0abcA
B5 11.3bAB 6.2bB 4.4abcAB 2.3abcA
B6 7.2ghFGH 3.8hijFGH 3.4cAB 1.8cA
A2 B1 9.1defCDEF 5.0efgCDE 5.2aA 2.6aA
B2 10.6bcBC 5.8bcdBC 5.0abAB 2.6aA
B3 10.5bcdBC 5.9bcBC 3.8abcAB 1.9abcA
B4 6.0hiGH 3.1jkGH 5.0abAB 2.5abA
B5 6.2hiGH 3.5ijkGH 4.2abcAB 2.1abcA
B6 5.4iH 2.9kH 4.0abcAB 2.0abcA
A3 B1 9.1defCDEF 5.0defgCDE 3.8abcAB 1.9abcA
B2 10.2bcdBCD 5.7bcdeBCD 3.7bcAB 2.0abcA
B3 8.4efgDEF 4.6fgDEF 4.2abcAB 2.1abcA
B4 10.3bcdBC 5.9bcBC 3.7bcAB 1.8bcA
B5 7.7fgEFG 4.2ghiEFG 4.0abcAB 2.0abcA
B6 9.9bcdBCD 5.7bcdeBCD 3.4cAB 1.7cA

表7

不同处理对垦稻26和龙粳31营养品质的影响"

处理
Treatment		 垦稻26 Kendao 26 龙粳31 Longjing 31
蛋白质
Protein		 直链淀粉
Amylose		 蛋白质
Protein		 直链淀粉
Amylose
A1 B1 7.5efgCDE 17.9bcdBCD 8.0bABC 16.4fgE
B2 7.4fgDE 17.5eD 8.0abAB 16.5efgDE
B3 7.6cdeBCD 17.7deCD 7.8bcdeBCDE 17.1abAB
B4 7.4fgDE 17.6deCD 7.9bcdBCDE 16.9abcABCD
B5 7.4fgDE 17.8cdeBCD 8.0abAB 16.4gE
B6 7.9aA 17.6deCD 7.7deCDE 16.7cdefBCDE
A2 B1 7.4efgDE 18.1bcABC 7.8cdeBCDE 16.5defgCDE
B2 7.4fgDE 18.3abAB 7.6eE 16.9abcABCD
B3 7.3gE 18.1bcABC 7.8bcdeBCDE 17.1aAB
B4 7.7bcdABC 17.6deD 8.0bcABCD 17.1aAB
B5 7.8abAB 17.7deCD 7.9bcdBCDE 16.8bcdABCDE
B6 7.7abcABC 18.2abAB 8.2aA 16.8bcdeABCDE
A3 B1 7.5efCDE 18.1bcABC 7.6eE 17.0abcABC
B2 7.4fgDE 17.7deCD 7.7eE 17.2aA
B3 7.5defCDE 18.5aA 7.7deDE 16.8bcdeABCDE
B4 7.5efgCDE 17.7deCD 7.7deCDE 16.9abcABC
B5 7.5efCDE 17.7deCD 7.7deDE 17.1aAB
B6 7.4efgDE 17.8cdeBCD 7.7deDE 16.9abcABCD

表8

不同处理对垦稻26和龙粳31食味品质的影响"

处理
Treatment		 垦稻26 Kendao 26 龙粳31 Longjing 31
食味评分
Taste score		 5%显著水平
Sig. at 5% level		 1%极显著水平
Sig. at 1% level		 食味评分
Taste score		 5%显著水平
Sig. at 5% level		 1%极显著水平
Sig. at 1% level
A1 B1 85.7 abc ABC 85.6 abc AB
B2 85.8 ab AB 85.9 a A
B3 84.2 cdef BCDE 85.2 abcd ABC
B4 85.5 abcd ABC 86.0 a A
B5 86.5 a A 82.0 i F
B6 81.9 h F 85.7 ab AB
A2 B1 84.0 def BCDE 85.0 abcde ABC
B2 83.7 efg CDEF 83.7 efgh CDEF
B3 85.8 ab AB 85.1 abcd ABC
B4 84.3 bcdef BCDE 84.4 bcdef ABCD
B5 82.3 gh EF 82.6 hi EF
B6 83.2 fgh DEF 82.6 hi EF
A3 B1 84.1 def BCDE 84.8 abcde ABCD
B2 85.4 abcd ABC 84.0 defg BCDE
B3 84.1 def BCDE 85.6 abc AB
B4 84.7 bcdef ABCD 83.4 fgh CDEF
B5 85.1 abcde ABCD 83.0 ghi DEF
B6 84.2 cdef BCDE 84.4 cdef ABCD
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