不同秸秆还田方式对北方超级稻氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.025

作物杂志,2019, 第4期: 164–169 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.025

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇下一篇

不同秸秆还田方式对北方超级稻氮素吸收利用的影响

崔月峰¹,孙国才¹,卢铁钢¹,王桂艳¹,王健¹,黄文佳¹,栾和林²

1 铁岭市农业科学院,112616,辽宁铁岭
2 铁岭市农产品质量安全检验检测中心,112000,辽宁铁岭

收稿日期:2019-01-16 修回日期:2019-06-06 出版日期:2019-08-15 发布日期:2019-08-06
通讯作者: 卢铁钢
作者简介:崔月峰,副研究员,主要从事水稻育种和栽培研究
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-01-37);国家重点研发计划“辽宁半干旱半湿润区雨养玉米、灌溉粳稻规模机械化丰产增效技术集成与示范”(2018YFD0300305-02);国家重点研发计划“北方粳稻优质高产高效新品种培育”(2017YFD0100502-4);国家重点研发计划“辽宁春玉米、粳稻密植抗逆丰产增效关键技术研究与示范”(2017YFD0300710-A04)

Effects of Different Straw Return Modes on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Super Rice in Northern China

Cui Yuefeng¹,Sun Guocai¹,Lu Tiegang¹,Wang Guiyan¹,Wang Jian¹,Huang Wenjia¹,Luan Helin²

1 Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tieling 112616, Liaoning, China
2 Tieling Inspection Center of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Tieling 112000, Liaoning, China

Received:2019-01-16 Revised:2019-06-06 Online:2019-08-15 Published:2019-08-06
Contact: Tiegang Lu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以北方超级稻沈农265为试验材料,研究了秸秆直接还田和秸秆热解成生物炭施入对水稻氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:与常规生产相比,秸秆直接还田主要提高了水稻生育中期的叶、茎含氮量,但同时降低了后期穗氮素累积量,氮素回收率、生理利用率和氮肥农学利用率分别下降5.28%、11.65%和16.19%,使产量有降低趋势;少量秸秆生物炭施入有助于提高生育中后期叶、茎含氮量并促进穗氮素累积量增加,氮素回收率和氮肥农学利用率分别增加6.02%和7.71%,有增加产量的潜力;大量秸秆生物炭施入降低了叶、茎和穗含氮量,氮素回收率负向效应强度高达34.31%,但氮素生理利用率增加45.62%,不利于产量的提高。秸秆直接还田和大量秸秆生物炭施入对水稻氮素吸收有一定抑制作用且不利于产量的提升,少量秸秆生物炭施入则能提高水稻氮素利用率并增加产量。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 生物炭, 超级稻, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

The super rice in Northern China ‘Shennong 265’ was used to study the N use efficiency under straw and biochar addition on soil. The results showed that: straw application improved the nitrogen content of leaf and stem in mid-growing stage, reduced nitrogen accumulation of panicle, decreased nitrogen recovery efficiency, physiological efficiency and agronomic efficiency by 5.28%, 11.65% and 16.19%, respectively, thereby reduced the yield. A small amount of biochar addition was helpful to improve the nitrogen content of leaf and stem, and nitrogen accumulation of panicle in the late growth stage, increased nitrogen recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency by 6.02% and 7.71%, respectively, and had a positive effect on yield. A large amount of biochar decreased nitrogen content of leaf, stem and panicle, reduced nitrogen recovery efficiency by 34.31%, but increased the nitrogen physiological efficiency by 45.62%, and had a negative effect on yield. Straw and large amount of biochar can inhibit the absorption of nitrogen and have a negative effect on yield of rice, however a small amount of biochar can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and yield.

Key words: Straw return to soil, Biochar, Super rice, Nitrogen utilization rate

崔月峰,孙国才,卢铁钢,王桂艳,王健,黄文佳,栾和林. 不同秸秆还田方式对北方超级稻氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (4): 164–169

Cui Yuefeng,Sun Guocai,Lu Tiegang,Wang Guiyan,Wang Jian,Huang Wenjia,Luan Helin. Effects of Different Straw Return Modes on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Super Rice in Northern China[J]. Crops, 2019(4): 164–169

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指标Index	N (%)	P (%)	K (%)	C (%)	pH
秸秆Straw	0.87	0.45	2.04	50.36	6.93
生物炭Biochar	1.28	0.73	1.46	63.27	9.02

处理 Treatment	氮素回收率 NRE (%)	氮素收获指数 NHI (kg/kg)	氮素生理利用率 NPE (kg/kg)	氮肥农学利用率 NAE (kg/kg)	氮肥偏生产力 NPP (kg/kg)	子粒产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)
CK	36.63±0.62b	64.10±1.15ab	30.62±0.81b	11.20±0.46a	39.62±0.37a	8 318.33±134.28ab
S	34.70±0.42c	62.56±1.41b	27.05±1.39c	9.39±0.46b	37.77±0.35b	7 933.13±126.93c
C1	38.84±0.43a	64.31±0.67ab	31.05±0.88b	12.06±0.30a	40.45±0.52a	8 494.87±191.88a
C2	24.06±0.23d	65.74±0.39a	44.58±0.48a	10.72±0.21ab	39.14±0.31ab	8 216.10±105.96b

处理Treatment	氮素回收率NRE	氮素收获指数NHI	氮素生理利用率NPE	氮肥农学利用率NAE	氮肥偏生产力NPP
S	-5.28±2.51b	-2.40±3.51b	-11.65±1.78b	-16.19±6.05b	-4.29±1.78b
C1	6.02±1.41a	-0.33±2.65a	1.40±1.91b	7.71±6.83a	2.09±1.91a
C2	-34.31±2.69c	-2.56±3.04a	45.62±0.66a	-4.29±2.11ab	-1.22±0.66ab

不同秸秆还田方式对北方超级稻氮素吸收利用的影响

Effects of Different Straw Return Modes on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Super Rice in Northern China

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