新疆不同刈割期对春性大麦干草产量和青贮品质影响的研究

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.05.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探明春性大麦在新疆地区作为青贮饲料的最佳刈割时间,以垦啤麦13、P13-3和甘啤4号为研究对象,分析不同刈割期（抽穗期、灌浆期、灌浆10d和蜡熟期）干物质产量、营养品质和青贮品质。结果表明,随着刈割期的推迟,垦啤麦13和P13-3干物质含量和干草产量显著增加,P13-3蜡熟期干草产量显著高于其他时期,参试的3个品种（系）中P13-3在蜡熟期干草产量最大,达到14 731.46kg/hm ²。随着刈割期的推后,3个春性大麦品种（系）干草中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量呈下降趋势,垦啤麦13和P13-3的中性洗涤纤维含量逐渐上升。随着刈割时间的推迟,大麦青贮后乳酸、乙酸和丁酸含量呈下降趋势,垦啤麦13和P13-3在灌浆10d后青贮其发酵品质显著高于抽穗期和灌浆期。因此,从产量和品质两方面综合考虑,新疆地区春性大麦最佳青贮刈割时间为灌浆10d。

关键词: 大麦, 刈割期, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to determine the optimal mowing stages for spring barley as a silage in Xinjiang, the experiment was carried out to determine the effects of mowing stages (heading stage, filling stage, filling for 10 days, dough stage) on dry matter yield, nutritive value, and fermentation quality of 3 spring barley cultivars (lines). The results showed that dry matter yield and dry matter content of barley significantly increased with Kenpimai13 and P13-3. Hay yield of P13-3 mowed at dough stage was the highest which reached the maximum of 14 731.46kg/hm ². The contents of crude protein and crude fat decreased and the contents of neutral detergent fiber in Kenpimai13 and P13-3 increased gradually with the delay of moving. The contents of lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid decreased after barley stage. The fermentation quality of Kenpimai13 and P13-3 of filling for 10 days was significantly higher than that at heading stage and filling stage. Therefore, in consideration of yield and quality, the best silage cutting time of spring barley in Xinjiang was filling for 10 days.

Key words: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Mowing stage, Yield, Quality

赵准,齐军仓,李剑,郭岩,令江瑞,李虎情. 新疆不同刈割期对春性大麦干草产量和青贮品质影响的研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2019 (5): 180–185

Zhao Zhun,Qi Juncang,Li Jian,Guo Yan,Ling Jiangrui,Li Huqing. Influence of Mowing Stages on Hay Yield and Fermentation Quality of Spring Barley[J]. Crops, 2019(5): 180–185

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品种(系) Cultivar (line)	刈割期 Mowing stage	日期(月/日) Date (Month/day)	株高(cm) Plant height	茎比例(%) Stem proportion	叶比例(%) Leaf proportion	穗比例(%) Ear proportion
垦啤麦13	抽穗期Heading stage	5/29	82.93±0.95b	33.96±0.83bc	55.83±0.70a	10.21±0.13f
Kenpimai13	灌浆期Filling stage	6/4	105.97±3.07a	34.36±1.64bc	37.92±0.95c	27.71±0.69e
	灌浆10d Filling for 10 days	6/14	107.40±3.12a	22.85±1.30d	17.04±1.32h	60.11±2.59b
	蜡熟期Dough stage	6/26	107.40±1.15a	19.92±1.11e	13.89±1.64i	66.19±0.95a
P13-3	抽穗期Heading stage	5/24	69.87±3.81d	36.17±0.17ab	52.20±0.14b	11.63±0.03f
	灌浆期Filling stage	6/1	83.00±3.06b	37.80±1.69a	34.06±0.92d	28.14±0.76e
	灌浆10d Filling for 10 days	6/10	83.17±3.15b	23.97±3.53d	24.04±0.45f	51.99±3.19c
	蜡熟期Dough stage	6/23	83.83±1.50b	16.33±1.25f	16.31±1.24h	67.36±2.43a
甘啤4号	抽穗期Heading stage	5/31	78.37±2.76c	35.06±1.23ab	54.84±1.04a	10.09±0.19f
Ganpi4	灌浆期Filling stage	6/4	87.20±1.95b	36.13±0.99ab	35.85±0.56d	28.02±0.44e
	灌浆10d Filling for 10 days	6/14	86.63±1.97b	31.32±2.25c	27.90±1.85e	40.78±4.06d
	蜡熟期Dough stage	6/26	83.20±2.74b	15.11±1.96f	19.61±1.09g	65.28±0.87a

品种(系) Cultivar (line)	刈割期 Mowing stage	鲜草产量(kg/hm²) Fresh grass yield	干草产量(kg/hm²) Hay yield	干物质含量(%) Dry matter content
垦啤麦13	抽穗期Heading stage	25 070.65±817.28ef	5 142.19±139.47g	20.52±0.58h
Kenpimai13	灌浆期Filling stage	29 844.75±697.53bc	6 991.20±36.77e	23.43±0.53g
	灌浆10d Filling for 10 days	28 964.61±1058.47c	12 016.03±1125.55bc	41.44±2.50d
	蜡熟期Dough stage	22 590.26±567.66g	12 857.20±118.60b	56.93±0.97b
P13-3	抽穗期Heading stage	24 007.09±372.77f	5 375.00±184.21fg	22.39±0.51gh
	灌浆期Filling stage	26 057.48±1006.80de	7 051.72±477.87e	27.06±1.59f
	灌浆10d Filling for 10 days	31 418.33±1149.33a	11 271.44±132.78c	35.90±0.88e
	蜡熟期Dough stage	24 297.20±1044.26f	14 731.46±1322.36a	60.55±3.07a
甘啤4号	抽穗期Heading stage	26 830.93±666.24d	5 405.29±417.59fg	20.16±1.75h
Ganpi4	灌浆期Filling stage	26 617.57±877.71d	6 218.21±170.51ef	23.37±0.49i
	灌浆10d Filling for 10 days	30 511.52±977.77ab	10 146.28±593.01d	33.24±1.31e
	蜡熟期Dough stage	19 843.16±277.17h	10 078.76±524.10d	50.78±2.00c

品种(系) Cultivar (line)	刈割期 Mowing stage	中性洗涤纤维(%) Neutral detergent fiber	酸性洗涤纤维(%) Acid detergent fiber	粗蛋白(%) Crude protein	粗脂肪(%) Crude fat	粗灰分(%) Crude ash	相对饲用价值 Relative feeding value
垦啤麦13	抽穗期Heading stage	56.26±2.34e	24.24±1.82bcd	11.60±1.09ab	4.46±0.17a	6.98±0.28bc	110.86±1.25b
Kenpimai13	灌浆期Filling stage	57.76±1.87e	24.00±1.29bcd	7.50±0.57c	3.02±0.16c	7.29±0.04ab	113.14±3.81b
	灌浆10d Filling for 10 days	59.96±3.14de	20.47±2.49e	4.78±0.23f	2.96±0.14c	4.69±0.37fg	113.49±9.06b
	蜡熟期Dough stage	60.84±1.01de	28.83±1.14a	4.47±0.10f	1.93±0.34d	4.47±0.46g	101.60±1.43cd
P13-3	抽穗期Heading stage	60.54±1.27de	21.05±2.56de	12.03±0.57a	4.75±0.44a	7.50±0.05ab	111.47±4.98b
	灌浆期Filling stage	60.34±3.76de	22.39±2.78cde	7.52±0.27c	3.34±0.11bc	6.34±0.10de	110.29±3.41b
	灌浆10d Filling for 10 days	68.30±1.11a	21.65±3.33cde	6.28±0.38de	2.96±0.03c	6.15±0.56e	98.15±4.50d
	蜡熟期Dough stage	67.29±0.57ab	19.78±1.10e	5.38±0.28ef	2.34±0.15d	5.91±0.23e	101.59±1.35cd
甘啤4号	抽穗期Heading stage	62.47±1.54cd	21.11±0.85de	10.77±1.10b	4.43±0.60a	6.70±0.30cd	107.92±1.82bc
Ganpi4	灌浆期Filling stage	54.49±0.95f	21.99±0.45cde	7.38±1.28cd	3.65±0.14b	7.73±0.18a	122.55±2.73a
	灌浆10d Filling for 10 days	63.99±1.51c	25.46±0.98b	5.46±0.39ef	2.92±0.05c	5.94±0.23e	100.45±3.35d
	蜡熟期Dough stage	65.40±1.21bc	28.64±1.52a	5.08±0.46ef	2.33±0.17d	5.02±0.23f	94.72±1.14d

品种(系) Cultivar (line)	刈割期 Mowing stage	pH	氨态氮(%) NH₃-N	乳酸(%) Lactic acid	乙酸(%) Acetic acid	丙酸(%) Propionic acid	丁酸(%) Butyric acid	V-评分 V-Score
垦啤麦13 Kenpimai13	抽穗期 Heading stage	3.85±0.02i	1.65±0.11h	1.52±0.39bc	0.57±0.11de	0.28±0.04abc	0.92±0.17a	50.55±0.93f
	灌浆期 Filling stage	4.16±0.08gh	3.70±0.10b	0.75±0.16bcd	0.94±0.18bc	0.43±0.30a	0.01±0.02c	88.38±6.82e
	灌浆10d Filling for 10 days	4.36±0.04fg	3.00±0.09de	0.33±0.12d	0.44±0.11e	0.47±0.03a	0.05±0.09c	94.58±0.41abc
	蜡熟期 Dough stage	5.15±0.05c	0.91±0.08ij	0.17±0.05d	0.46±0.02e	0.19±0.01bc	0.00±0.00c	95.66±0.70abc
P13-3	抽穗期 Heading stage	3.76±0.19e	4.06±0.11a	2.81±1.06a	0.55±0.15de	0.08±0.03c	0.41±0.57b	89.26±6.22de
	灌浆期 Filling stage	4.19±0.13gh	3.45±0.21c	1.51±0.49bc	0.79±0.13cd	0.22±0.13bc	0.00±0.00c	93.79±0.10abcd
	灌浆10d Filling for 10 days	5.06±0.13cd	3.16±0.31d	1.08±0.71bcd	0.47±0.06e	0.11±0.14c	0.00±0.00c	97.08±1.03ab
	蜡熟期 Dough stage	5.64±0.28a	1.02±0.16i	0.27±0.08d	0.35±0.11e	0.07±0.01c	0.00±0.00c	98.33±0.74a
甘啤4号 Ganpi4	抽穗期 Heading stage	4.17±0.03gh	2.14±0.12g	1.62±0.33b	1.17±0.13ab	0.08±0.07c	0.05±0.05c	92.62±2.27bcde
	灌浆期 Filling stage	4.18±0.04gh	2.84±0.04e	0.78±0.22bcd	0.92±0.24bc	0.40±0.08ab	0.00±0.00c	92.33±2.14bcde
	灌浆10d Filling for 10 days	4.87±0.09de	2.38±0.11f	1.27±0.21bc	0.44±0.05e	0.21±0.10bc	0.00±0.00c	96.47±1.03abc
	蜡熟期 Dough stage	5.38±0.11b	0.80±0.05ij	0.25±0.04d	0.58±0.08de	0.11±0.03c	0.00±0.00c	96.58±1.12ab