甘蓝型油菜氮素高效吸收的植株形态与生理特性研究

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.013

作物杂志,2022, 第5期: 97–103 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2022.05.013

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇下一篇

甘蓝型油菜氮素高效吸收的植株形态与生理特性研究

邹小云¹^,²(), 官梅², 官春云²()

¹江西省农业科学院作物研究所/江西省油料作物生物学重点实验室,330200,江西南昌
²湖南农业大学油料作物研究所/国家油料作物改良中心湖南分中心,410128,湖南长沙

收稿日期:2021-07-21 修回日期:2021-10-22 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-19
通讯作者: 官春云，主要从事作物育种与栽培技术研究，E-mail：guancy2011@aliyun.com
作者简介:邹小云,主要从事作物遗传育种与栽培营养研究,E-mail： jxauzxy@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31760393);国家自然科学基金(32060436);江西省“双千计划”科技创新高端人才项目(jxsq2019201013);江西省杰出青年人才资助计划(20171BCB23082);江西省优势科技创新团队计划(20152BCB24013)

Studies on Plant Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of High Nitrogen Absorption in Brassica napus L.

Zou Xiaoyun¹^,²(), Guan Mei², Guan Chunyun²()

¹Institute of Crops of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Oil Crops Biology Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China
²Oil Crops Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University/ Hunan Branch of National Oil Crops Improvement Center, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China

Received:2021-07-21 Revised:2021-10-22 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为阐明甘蓝型油菜氮素高效吸收的形态和生理机制,利用6个氮素效率差异显著的甘蓝型油菜为供试材料,分析低氮条件下甘蓝型油菜抽薹期地上部和根系形态、叶片和根系生理特性的基因型差异及这些指标与高效氮素吸收的关系。结果表明,3个氮高效基因型在表型性状（株高、叶片数、最大叶长×宽、地上部干重、茎基粗、根长、根表面积、根体积、根平均直径和根干重）、生理（叶片可溶性糖含量、游离氨基酸总量、根系吸收总面积、活跃吸收面积、游离氨基酸总量和根系活力）和光合方面（净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率和氮素光合效率）均高于3个氮低效基因型。甘蓝型油菜抽薹期根平均直径、最大叶长×宽、蒸腾速率和根系硝酸还原酶共同决定了氮素吸收效率的92.10%。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 氮效率, 植株形态, 生理特性

Abstract:

In order to clarify the morphological and physiological mechanism of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with high nitrogen (N) absorption, six varieties with significantly different nitrogen efficiency were used as test materials, the genotype difference of shoot and root morphology, and characteristics of leaves and roots at bolting stage under the condition of low N application, as well as the relationships between these indexes and high-efficient absorption of nitrogen were analyzed. The results showed that the phenotypic traits (plant height, number of green leaves, length × width of maximum leaf, shoot dry weight, basal stem diameter, root length, root surface area, root volume, root diameter and root dry weight), physiological indexes (soluble sugar content and total free amino acid content of leaves, total absorption area, active absorption area, total free amino acid content of roots and root activity) and photosynthetic characteristics (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, transpiration rate and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency) of the three genotypes with high N nutrient efficiency were higher than those of the three genotypes with low N nutrient efficiency. Root mean diameter, length × width of maximum leaf, transpiration rate and root nitrate reductase were jointly determined 92.10% of nitrogen absorption efficience at bolting stage.

Key words: Brassica napus L., Nitrogen efficiency, Plant morphology, Physiological property

邹小云, 官梅, 官春云. 甘蓝型油菜氮素高效吸收的植株形态与生理特性研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2022 (5): 97–103

Zou Xiaoyun, Guan Mei, Guan Chunyun. Studies on Plant Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of High Nitrogen Absorption in Brassica napus L.[J]. Crops, 2022(5): 97–103

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基因型 Genotype	SPAD值 SPAD value	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶片数 Number of green leaves	最大叶长×宽 Length×width of maximum leaf (cm²)	地上部干重 Shoot dry weight (g)	茎基粗 Basal stem diameter (mm)	主根长 Root length (cm)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm²)	根体积 Root volume (cm³)	根平均直径 Root diameter (mm)	根干重 Root dry weight (g)	根冠比 Root- shoot ratio
Monty	58.07a	25.33a	7.50a	72.96a	2.21a	6.31ab	18.48a	130.55a	11.59a	0.96a	1.44a	0.65ab
Surpass 440	55.38a	23.08ab	6.67a	55.28b	2.10a	6.29ab	16.20a	108.15b	9.27ab	0.85ab	1.30ab	0.62b
湘油11号 Xiangyou 11	50.60ab	18.67bc	7.00a	60.02ab	2.32a	6.35a	15.17ab	104.49b	9.97a	0.83ab	1.44a	0.62b
R210	38.80c	17.43c	4.87b	47.37bc	1.43b	5.33ab	11.37c	50.49d	6.28c	0.68b	1.21ab	0.84a
721	45.78b	19.88bc	6.00ab	59.60ab	2.10a	5.71ab	12.00ab	76.67c	8.57b	0.82ab	1.38ab	0.66ab
华双4号 Huashuang 4	45.33b	18.50bc	6.00ab	52.34b	1.45b	5.12bc	12.38ab	98.40b	7.30bc	0.80ab	1.14b	0.78a

基因型 Genotype	叶片Leaf					根系Root
基因型 Genotype	过氧化氢酶 Catalase (U/mg)	丙二醛 MDA (mmol/g·FW)	脯氨酸 Pro (µg/g)	可溶性糖含量 SS content (%)	游离氨基酸总量 Total FAA (mg/100g)	吸收总面积 Total absorbed area (dm²)	活跃吸收面积 Active absorbed area (dm²)	根系活力 Root activity [µg/(g·h)]	游离氨基酸总量 Total FAA (mg/100g)
Monty	0.71a	30.47a	14.43a	23.93a	103.26a	241.32a	149.65a	1121.23a	33.25a
Surpass 440	0.56ab	28.32ab	12.76b	17.10b	98.67a	223.68a	120.38b	1089.36ab	30.47a
湘油11号 Xiangyou 11	0.48bc	25.12ab	12.90b	18.92ab	95.43a	218.26a	107.89c	1054.26b	31.62a
R210	0.38cd	19.22cd	9.14d	10.16cd	61.27b	148.69c	71.34e	427.45e	18.21c
721	0.42bc	19.74cd	11.10c	12.82c	78.38ab	173.21bc	92.34d	678.39d	25.64b
华双4号 Huashuang 4	0.38cd	22.23bc	12.24bc	12.00c	82.12ab	184.56b	89.21d	724.36c	26.37b

基因型Genotype	P_n [μmol CO₂/(m²·s)]	G_s [mol H₂O/(m²·s)]	C_i (μmol CO₂/mol)	T_r [mmol H₂O/(m²·s)]	氮素光合效率C_i/N
Monty	17.70a	0.51a	333.21a	3.15a	7.84a
Surpass 440	16.10ab	0.30b	308.32b	2.95bc	7.99a
湘油11号Xiangyou 11	15.60bc	0.22c	249.14c	3.10ab	6.12b
R210	13.80d	0.14e	182.40d	2.60d	3.64e
721	13.80d	0.20c	237.32c	2.93c	5.05d
华双4号Huashuang 4	14.10cd	0.17d	244.22c	2.72d	5.38c

基因型 Genotype	NR [μg/(g·h)]		GS [μmol/(g·min)]		GOGAT [μmol/(g·min)]		GDH [μmol/(g·min)]
基因型 Genotype	叶片Leaf	根系Root	叶片Leaf	根系Root	叶片Leaf	根系Root	叶片Leaf	根系Root
Monty	62.38a	12.11a	2.56a	0.96a	113.36a	55.69a	76.85a	96.34a
Surpass 440	57.34b	9.62b	2.21c	0.85b	106.52a	49.35a	75.32a	88.26a
湘油11号Xiangyou 11	56.37b	7.86c	2.37b	0.91ab	99.36b	51.34a	69.87a	91.32a
R210	25.64d	5.34d	1.24e	0.34d	76.32c	19.21c	42.38c	32.12c
721	43.21c	6.21d	1.46d	0.42cd	85.39c	29.32b	53.12b	49.32b
华双4号Huashuang 4	42.01c	5.98d	1.38de	0.51c	88.45c	33.65b	50.68b	46.25b

基因型 Genotype	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	碱解氮 Available N (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)	有效硼 Available B (mg/kg)
Monty	6.33 a	18.40a	137.81a	35.98a	83.01a	0.15b
Surpass 440	6.03b	17.17b	121.73b	36.79a	82.40a	0.16a
湘油11号Xiangyou 11	6.34a	16.86b	137.18a	36.30a	82.83a	0.17a
R210	5.65d	13.91d	103.31d	33.75a	81.91a	0.12c
721	5.71cd	15.24c	112.35c	34.34a	82.31a	0.13c
华双4号Huashuang 4	5.81c	14.28cd	102.74d	34.15a	81.95a	0.13c

甘蓝型油菜氮素高效吸收的植株形态与生理特性研究

Studies on Plant Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of High Nitrogen Absorption in Brassica napus L.

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指标Item	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	指标Item	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
SPAD (X₁)	0.95^**	根系活力Root activity (X₂₁)	0.91^**
株高Plant height (X₂)	0.85^*	P_n (X₂₂)	0.80^*
绿叶数Number of green leaves (X₃)	0.93^**	G_s (X₂₃)	0.81^*
最大叶长×宽Length×width of maximum leaf (X₄)	0.80^*	C_i (X₂₄)	0.96^**
地上部干重Shoot dry weight (X₅)	0.86^*	T_r (X₂₅)	0.82^*
茎基粗Basal stem diameter (X₆)	0.84^*	C_i/N (X₂₆)	0.81^*
根长Root length (X₇)	0.89^**	叶片NR活性NR activity in leaves (X₂₇)	0.95^**
根表面积Root surface area (X₈)	0.96^**	根系NR活性NR activity in roots (X₂₈)	0.85^*
根体积Root volume (X₉)	0.87^*	叶片GS GS in leaves (X₂₉)	0.80^*
根平均直径Root mean diameter (X₁₀)	0.97^**	根系GS GS in roots (X₃₀)	0.82^*
根干重Root dry weight (X₁₁)	0.83^*	叶片GOGAT GOGAT in leaves (X₃₁)	0.93^**
根冠比Root-shoot ratio (X₁₂)	-0.78^*	根系GOGAT GOGAT in roots (X₃₂)	0.89^**
CAT (X₁₃)	0.81^*	叶片GDH GDH in leaves (X₃₃)	0.88^**
MDA (X₁₄)	0.87^*	根系GDH GDH in roots (X₃₄)	0.84^*
Pro (X₁₅)	0.96^**	pH (X₃₅)	0.83^*
叶中SS总量Total SS content in leaves (X₁₆)	0.83^*	有机质Organic matter (X₃₆)	0.86^*
叶中FAA总量Total FAA content in leaves (X₁₇)	0.95^**	碱解氮Available N (X₃₇)	0.80^*
根系FAA总量Total FAA content in roots (X₁₈)	0.94^**	有效磷Available P (X₃₈)	0.75
总根系吸收面积Total absorbed area in roots (X₁₉)	0.92^**	速效钾Available K (X₃₉)	0.74
根系活跃吸收面积Active absorbed area in roots (X₂₀)	0.92^**	有效硼Available B (X₄₀)	0.64

模型 Model	入选变量 Selected dependent	回归方程 Regression equation	标准化偏回归系数 Standardized coefficients	决定系数 R²
1	X₁₀	Y=-31.683+77.498X₁₀	B(X₁₀)=0.967	0.817^**
2	X₁₀,X₄	Y=-40.058+124.672X₁₀-0.526X₄	B(X₁₀)=1.556,B(X₄)=-0.638	0.865^**
3	X₁₀,X₄,X₂₅	Y=-46.916+120.285X₁₀-0.589X₄+4.861X₂₅	B(X₁₀)=1.501,B(X₄)=-0.715, B(X₂₅)=-0.144	0.902^**
4	X₁₀,X₄,X₂₅,X₂₈	Y=-47.974+120.285X₁₀-0.603X₄+6.466X₂₅+0.455X₂₈	B(X₁₀)=1.499,B(X₄)=-0.731, B(X₂₅)=-0.191,B(X₂₈)=-0.034	0.921^**

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