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作物杂志,2023, 第3期: 80–85 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2023.03.011

• 遗传育种·种质资源·生物技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

糜子矮秆突变体海5农艺性状及对GA3的敏感性鉴定

郭英杰1,3(), 刘洋1,3, 刘晓婕1,3, 魏玮1,3, 王瑶1,3, 张帅1, 王振山2,3, 闫留延2,3, 朱学海1,3(), 贾小平2,3()   

  1. 1张家口市农业科学院，075000，河北张家口
    2河南科技大学农学院，471000，河南洛阳
    3张家口市杂交黍子技术创新中心，075000，河北张家口
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-11 修回日期:2022-03-25 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 朱学海，主要从事糜子遗传育种研究，E-mail：924180928@qq.com；贾小平为共同通信作者，主要从事糜子的分子生物学研究，E-mail：jiaxiaoping2007@163.com
  • 作者简介:郭英杰，主要从事糜子栽培技术研究，E-mail：gyj70@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省科技厅项目(21326339D);河北省高层次人才资助项目(A201903020);张家口市科技局项目(1911016C-3)

The Agronomic Characteristics and Sensitivity Identification to GA3 of a Dwarf Mutant Hai 5 in Panicum miliaceum L.

Guo Yingjie1,3(), Liu Yang1,3, Liu Xiaojie1,3, Wei Wei1,3, Wang Yao1,3, Zhang Shuai1, Wang Zhenshan2,3, Yan Liuyan2,3, Zhu Xuehai1,3(), Jia Xiaoping2,3()   

  1. 1Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
    2College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
    3Zhangjiakou Hybrid Broomcorn Millet Technical Innovation Center, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2022-01-11 Revised:2022-03-25 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-16

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摘要：

从形态学、细胞生物学角度对利用EMS诱变石湖千斤糜得到的矮秆突变体海5（dm5）的农艺性状及喷施赤霉素（GA3）后表型特征进行研究。结果表明，dm5株高为60.72cm，幼苗期叶片呈黄色，随着植株成熟逐渐变绿。相比野生型wt260，dm5的株高、穗柄长和穗长极显著减小，分蘖数极显著增多，各茎节长度均极显著减小，第1~4茎节减小相对较多。喷施外源GA3后，dm5的株高、穗柄长和穗长极显著增大，茎节数无明显变化，初步推测dm5植株对外源GA3敏感，为内源GA3合成缺陷型矮秆突变体。dm5第1~4节间长度均极显著增大，第5~8节间长度无明显变化，说明基部茎节长度对糜子矮秆突变体的株高影响较大。观察主茎纵切细胞发现，造成dm5植株矮化的原因可能是茎节纵向细胞长度减小，喷施GA3后植株增高是由于茎节纵向细胞长度伸长。综上，突变体dm5可作为糜子矮秆育种材料。

关键词: 糜子, 矮秆突变体, 农艺性状, GA3

Abstract:

A dwarf mutant Hai 5 (dm5) in Panicum miliaceum L. was generated by EMS (ethyl methyl sulfonic acid) mutagenesis in landrace/historical cultivar Shihuqianjinmei, and its agronomic characteristics and phenotypic characteristics after spraying GA3 were analyzed using the morphological and cytological methods. The results showed that the plant height of dm5 was 60.72cm. The leaves were yellow at seedling stage and gradually turned green as the plant matured. Compared with wild type wt260, the plant height, panicle handle length, panicle height and internodes length of dm5 were significantly decreased, in which the 1st to 4th internodes were relatively decreased, as well as the number of tillers increased significantly. After spraying exogenous GA3, the plant height, panicle handle length and panicle height of dm5 increased significantly, while the number of stem nodes did not change significantly. It was preliminarily speculated that dm5 was sensitive to exogenous gibberellin and was a endogenous gibberellin synthesis defect type dwarf mutant. The internode length from the 1st to the 4th increased significantly, while the internode length from the 5th to the 8th had no significant change, indicating that the base stem node length had a great influence on the plant height of dwarf mutant in P.miliaceum L.. Longitudinal observation of the main stem cells revealed that the dwarfing of dm5 might be caused by the decrease in the length of the longitudinal cells of the stem node, and the increase of the plant heigth after spraying GA3 was caused by the elongation of the longitudinal cells. In conclusion, dm5 could be used as a dwarf breeding material for P.miliaceum L..

Key words: Panicum miliaceum L., Dwarf mutant, Agronomic characteristics, GA3

图1

wt260、dm5苗期及成熟期植株

表1

不同生长时期wt260和dm5的SPAD对比

生长时期Growth stage wt260 dm5
苗期Seedling stage 30.14±0.53A 19.96±0.77B
抽穗期Earing stage 31.53±0.65A 31.16±0.47A
成熟期Mature stage 24.40±1.18B 29.61±1.69A

表2

wt260及dm5农艺性状

农艺性状Agronomic trait wt260 dm5
株高Plant height (cm) 104.72±2.63 60.72±1.15**
茎粗Stem diameter (mm) 6.36±0.44 5.48±0.40
茎节数Number of internode 8.70±0.26 8.60±0.16
分蘖数Tiller number 1.50±0.22 6.40±0.56**
穗柄长Panicle handle length (cm) 10.11±0.59 6.42±0.35**
穗长Panicle height (cm) 16.12±0.68 13.52±0.47**
倒3叶长度Inverted 3 leaf length (cm) 37.58±1.07 35.87±1.06
倒3叶宽度Inverted 3 leaf width (cm) 2.82±0.17 2.92±0.07
倒3叶叶面积Inverted 3 leaf area (cm2) 85.67±7.19 83.83±3.23

图2

wt260及dm5节间长度变化 “**”代表差异极显著（P < 0.01），下同

表3

喷施GA3前后wt260及dm5主要表型变化

指标
Index		 材料
Material		 处理Treatment
对照
Control		 喷施GA3
Spraying GA3
株高Plant height (cm) wt260 104.72±2.63 133.20±3.43**
dm5 60.72±1.15 79.20±2.01**
茎节数Number of internodes wt260 8.70±0.26 9.20±0.37
dm5 8.60±0.16 8.20±0.37
穗柄长
Panicle handle length (cm)		 wt260 10.11±0.59 12.80±1.24*
dm5 6.42±0.35 9.58±0.27**
穗长Panicle length (cm) wt260 16.12±0.68 19.00±0.96*
dm5 13.52±0.47 16.70±1.03**

图3

喷施GA3前后wt260（a）及dm5（b）节间长度变化

图4

喷施GA3前后wt260及dm5主茎纵切细胞

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