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作物杂志,2024, 第1期: 204–213 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2024.01.027

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

解磷菌协同秸秆替代磷肥对苦荞生长及产量和品质的影响

郝亚妮1(), 裴红宾2,3(), 高振峰4, 张轶珺3, 杨珍平1   

  1. 1山西农业大学农学院，030801，山西太谷
    2山西师范大学现代文理学院，041004，山西临汾
    3山西师范大学生命科学学院，030031，山西太原
    4山西农业大学（山西省农业科学院）农产品贮藏保鲜研究所，030031，山西太原
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-27 修回日期:2023-02-07 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-02-20
  • 通讯作者: 裴红宾，研究方向为植物生理生态，E-mail：bbpei65110@163.com
  • 作者简介:郝亚妮，研究方向为植物生理生态，E-mail：hyni0120@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西师范大学现代文理学院基础研究项目(2020JCYJ17)

Effects of Bacillus vallismortis and Straw Replacing Phosphorus Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tartary Buckwheat

Hao Yani1(), Pei Hongbin2,3(), Gao Zhenfeng4, Zhang Yijun3, Yang Zhenping1   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
    2College of Modern Arts and Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, Shanxi, China
    3College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
    4Agricultural Products Storage and Preservation Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University (Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2022-09-27 Revised:2023-02-07 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-20
  • Contact: Pei Hongbin

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摘要：

为实现苦荞节磷栽培，采用盆栽试验，以苦荞品种晋荞6号为试验材料，设置秸秆[0g/kg土壤（J0）、4g/kg土壤（J1）]和有机磷降解菌Bacillus vallismortis gz4-1的菌液浓度[0(P0)、104(P1)、106(P2)、108(P3)、1010 (P4) cfu/mL]两因素复合处理，以正常施肥为对照（CK），研究了有机磷降解菌B.vallismortis gz4-1与秸秆配施对苦荞生长及产量和品质的影响。结果表明，与不施秸秆相比，解磷菌―秸秆复合处理可显著提高苦荞根系质量、主根长、总根长和产量，且随着菌液浓度的增加表现为先升高后降低的趋势；解磷菌―秸秆复合处理以菌液浓度P2和P3效果较优，且在P2浓度下苦荞根系表面积、根系体积、茎粗、根系活力、酸性磷酸酶活性和果穗数达到最优生长值，但在P3浓度下苦荞根系鲜重和干重、主根长、总根长、株高、茎叶鲜重和干重、叶面积、单株粒重、千粒重、产量和黄酮含量达到最优生长值。另外，同CK相比，解磷菌协同秸秆替代磷肥在P2、P3解磷菌浓度时还可促进苦荞生产并显著提高产量。因此，推荐解磷菌―秸秆复合处理时的解磷菌较优接种浓度为106~108 cfu/mL。

关键词: 苦荞, 有机磷降解菌, 磷肥替代, 秸秆, 磷吸收

Abstract:

In order to achieve low-phosphorus cultivation of Tartary buckwheat, pot experiments were conducted using the Tartary buckwheat variety ?Jinqiao 6? as the test material, the combination treatments of straw [0 g/kg soil (J0), 4 g/kg soil (J1)] and Bacillus vallismortis gz4-1, bacterial liquid concentration [0 (P0), 104 (P1), 106 (P2), 108 (P3), 1010 (P4) cfu/mL] were set. Using normal fertilization as control (CK) to determine the effects of combined application of organophorus degrading bacteria B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw on the growth, yield and quality of Tartary buckwheat. The results showed that compared with no straw application, B.vallismortis gz4-1-straw could significantly improve the root mass, main root length, total root length and yield of Tartary buckwheat, and showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of bacterial solution concentration. In the combined treatment of B.vallismortis gz4-1-straw, the bacterial liquid concentration of P2 and P3 had the best effects, and the root surface area, root volume, stem diameter, root activity, acid phosphatase activity and the number of ears of Tartary buckwheat reached the optimal growth value under the P2 treatment. However, the root fresh weight, dry weight, main root length, total root length, plant height, stem and leaf fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, yield and flavonoids content of Tartary buckwheat reached the optimal growth value under P3 treatment. In addition, compared with CK, the replacement of P fertilizer by B.vallismortis gz4-1 and straw could promote the production of Tartary buckwheat and significantly increase the yield of Tartary buckwheat when the concentration of B.vallismortis gz4-1 were the concentrations of P2 and P3. Therefore, it was recommended that the optimal concentration of B.vallismortis gz4-1 in the combined treatment of B.vallismortis gz4-1-straw were 106-108 cfu/mL.

Key words: Tartary buckwheat, Organophosphate degrading bacteria, Phosphate substitute, Straw, Phosphorus absorption

表1

解磷菌协同秸秆替代磷肥对苦荞盛花期根系形态指标的变化

处理
Treatment		 鲜重
Fresh weight (g)		 干重
Dry weight (g)		 主根长
Main root length (cm)		 总根长
Total root length (cm)		 根系表面积
Root surface area (cm2)		 根系体积
Root volume (cm3)
CK 2.45±0.21b 0.25±0.06bc 29.47±0.92cd 709.8±43.3ab 42.10±3.93ab 5.66±1.29abc
J0 P0 1.64±0.24de 0.15±0.01d 20.07±1.14ef 395.7±50.5d 23.70±2.80c 2.51±0.44c
P1 1.20±0.08f 0.16±0.02d 16.37±0.92f 543.9±54.6c 29.34±2.98bc 3.52±0.57bc
P2 2.16±0.16bc 0.16±0.03d 36.30±0.32b 696.3±83.6ab 45.03±12.64ab 6.58±2.68ab
P3 2.07±0.20bc 0.26±0.06bc 36.10±2.17b 424.6±31.5d 22.92±1.70c 2.38±0.11c
P4 0.98±0.17e 0.12±0.02d 26.00±0.42e 394.1±82.3c 22.79±4.88c 2.03±0.57c
J1 P0 1.07±0.47e 0.28±0.13bc 30.53±0.90cd 461.2±105.2d 22.11±3.39c 1.68±0.26c
P1 2.58±0.54b 0.37±0.02ab 31.07±1.57cd 512.7±77.5c 24.80±3.44c 1.97±0.28c
P2 2.53±0.14b 0.39±0.02ab 37.63±2.69b 830.8±46.7a 48.99±5.48a 7.64±2.28a
P3 3.33±0.42a 0.47±0.05a 54.90±6.41a 562.1±98.9c 30.39±4.79bc 3.37±0.84bc
P4 1.83±0.50d 0.35±0.11ab 31.60±0.66cd 598.3±62.4c 31.23±0.31bc 3.69±0.76bc

图1

解磷菌协同秸秆替代磷肥对苦荞盛花期根系活力的变化 不同小写字母表示处理间差异达显著水平（P < 0.05），下同。

表2

解磷菌协同秸秆替代磷肥对苦荞盛花期茎叶形态指标的变化

处理
Treatment		 茎粗
Stem diameter (mm)		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 鲜重（g/株）
Fresh weight (g/plant)		 干重（g/株）
Dry weight (g/plant)		 叶面积
Leaf area (cm2)		 花序数
Flower ordinal number
CK 5.06±0.30ab 69.77±0.76cd 25.67±1.70b 2.34±0.47bc 30.99±2.76de 11.00±0.88bcd
J0 P0 3.23±0.03e 53.93±1.51f 12.53±0.09d 1.48±0.07de 20.75±19.06f 8.00±0.58e
P1 3.85±0.39cde 60.60±1.25ef 16.40±1.15cd 1.83±0.21cde 27.69±2.82ef 9.00±0.38de
P2 5.03±0.15ab 66.43±3.02de 25.07±1.58b 2.80±0.21b 38.42±0.88c 10.00±1.20cde
P3 4.33±0.34cd 74.13±1.23bc 24.70±1.62b 2.54±0.23bc 37.67±1.01c 12.00±0.88abc
P4 3.59±0.14de 60.67±1.89ef 13.83±1.48d 1.47±0.07de 29.86±1.38e 9.00±0.33de
J1 P0 4.57±0.02bc 60.87±1.79ef 12.49±0.34d 1.11±0.14e 28.97±1.67e 9.00±0.58de
P1 4.83±0.13b 67.10±1.10de 15.05±1.13cd 1.78±0.12cde 30.35±1.84de 9.00±0.33de
P2 5.81±0.40a 77.33±3.53ab 25.75±1.11b 2.29±0.11bc 50.31±4.32b 13.00±0.33ab
P3 4.88±0.42b 83.27±4.29a 32.05±2.46a 4.27±0.47a 58.36±2.36a 13.00±0.57a
P4 4.87±0.09b 65.30±0.55de 19.16±2.33c 2.11±0.17bcd 45.91±1.68b 9.00±0.88de

图2

解磷菌协同秸秆替代磷肥对苦荞盛花期酸性磷酸酶活性的变化

图3

解磷菌协同秸秆替代磷肥对苦荞盛花期叶绿素含量的变化

表3

解磷菌协同秸秆替代磷肥对苦荞土壤理化性质的变化

处理Treatment pH 有机质Organic matter (g/kg) 速效磷Available phosphorus (mg/kg) 速效钾Available potassium (mg/kg)
Natural soil生土 8.44±0.03a 20.63±1.15a 10.55±1.08b 111.40±0.18i
CK 8.08±0.02b 5.15±0.01d 14.06±0.40a 149.83±0.99f
J0 P0 8.07±0.03b 7.71±0.03b 5.93±0.13de 121.50±0.64h
P1 8.02±0.02bc 7.20±0.07b 5.82±0.68de 142.40±1.07g
P2 8.01±0.00bc 5.01±0.01d 4.80±0.20e 217.13±2.23c
P3 8.01±0.02bcd 5.15±0.01d 5.62±0.08de 123.53±1.59h
P4 7.96±0.04cde 6.07±0.04cd 6.38±0.18d 123.43±1.07h
J1 P0 7.95±0.02cde 7.54±0.18b 4.73±0.10e 252.57±1.56a
P1 7.98±0.00cde 5.84±0.05cd 5.39±0.07de 239.73±3.55b
P2 7.93±0.04def 6.63±0.07bc 5.27±0.21de 157.33±0.96e
P3 7.90±0.00ef 5.52±0.16d 5.04±0.04de 166.20±0.51d
P4 7.86±0.04f 6.86±0.01bc 8.82±0.15c 163.33±1.63d

表4

解磷菌协同秸秆替代磷肥对苦荞成熟期产量及构成因素的变化

处理
Treatment		 单株粒重
Grain weight per plant (g)		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)		 单株果穗数
Number of ears per plant		 产量（g/盆）
Yield (g/pot)
CK 2.69±0.07b 14.38±0.96abc 14.67±0.88b 13.90±0.75d
J0 P0 0.89±0.04g 10.65±0.14d 6.00±0.58e 7.54±0.12g
P1 1.26±0.12f 12.32±0.32cd 9.67±0.33cd 10.58±0.38f
P2 1.90±0.04d 13.43±0.54bc 11.00±0.58c 15.88±0.22c
P3 1.73±0.08de 14.27±0.78abc 10.67±0.67c 12.60±0.17de
P4 1.54±0.05e 12.66±0.83cd 6.67±0.67e 12.28±0.16de
J1 P0 1.73±0.08de 11.10±0.38d 7.67±0.33de 12.07±0.20ef
P1 1.75±0.06de 12.23±0.40cd 10.67±1.45c 13.43±0.36de
P2 2.36±0.03c 15.53±1.35ab 16.33±0.33a 18.37±1.07a
P3 3.01±0.13a 15.99±0.43a 14.67±0.88b 16.81±0.94b
P4 2.35±0.07c 13.46±0.40bc 11.33±1.20c 13.39±0.13de

图4

解磷菌协同秸秆替代磷肥对苦荞成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量的变化

图5

解磷菌协同秸秆替代磷肥对苦荞成熟期籽粒黄酮含量的变化

图6

解磷菌协同秸秆替代磷肥苦荞籽粒品质与植株各指标相关性分析

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