施氮对燕麦间作三叶草产量、氮积累量及种间关系的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.01.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确施氮对燕麦和三叶草间作系统生产力的影响，在燕麦间作三叶草、燕麦单作和三叶草单作3种种植模式下设不施氮（N0）、施氮量75（N75）和150 kg/hm²（N150）3个施氮水平，探究不同处理对作物氮积累量、饲草产量及种间关系的影响。结果表明，燕麦间作三叶草显著提高了燕麦饲草产量14.45%~29.26%，仅降低三叶草饲草产量1.60%~6.97%。施氮肥可提高燕麦和三叶草饲草产量及间作生产力，N0、N75和N150处理的土地当量比分别为1.07、1.15和1.19；N75处理较N0显著提高了燕麦饲草产量18.83%~29.99%，N150处理较N75燕麦产量仅提高4.60%~8.01%；燕麦间作三叶草较单作显著提高了作物氮积累量，其中燕麦增幅为16.47%~ 23.09%，三叶草增幅为20.85%~26.60%；评价竞争力指标表明在间作系统中燕麦较三叶草具有更高的产量优势，相较于单作表现出增益，施氮后表现出更高的间作系统生产力。综上，燕麦间作三叶草较单作表现出更高的产量及氮积累量，配合施氮能进一步提高其间作生产力，适合在内蒙古阴山沿麓地区推广。

关键词: 间作, 施氮, 产量, 氮积累量, 种间关系

Abstract:

To clarify the effect of nitrogen application on the productivity of oat intercropped with clover system, we set up three nitrogen application modes, no nitrogen application (N0), 75 (N75), and 150 kg/ha (N150) under three cropping patterns, oat intercropping with clover, oat monocropping, and clover monocropping. We explored the effects of different treatments on crop nitrogen accumulation, forage yield, and interspecific relationships. The results showed that intercropped oats with clover significantly increased oat forage yield by 14.45%-29.26%, and only decreased clover forage yield by 1.60%-6.97%. Nitrogen fertilization increased forage yield and intercropping productivity of oats and clover, land equivalent ratios of N0, N75, and N150 were 1.07, 1.15, and 1.19, respectively; N75 treatment significantly increased oat forage yield by 18.83% to 29.99% compared to N0, and N150 treatment only increased oat yield by 4.60% to 8.01% compared to N75; oats intercropped with clover significantly increased crop nitrogen accumulation compared to monocropping, in which oats increased by 16.47%-23.09%, and clover increased by 20.85%-26.60%; evaluation indexes of competitiveness indicated that oats in intercropping system had a higher yield advantage over clover, it showed gains compared to monocropping, and showed higher productivity in the intercropping system after N application. In comparison to monocropping, oats with clover demonstrated a greater yield and N accumulation in intercropping system. With N application, intercropping productivity might be further increased, making it a viable option for promotion in the area along the Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Intercropping, Nitrogen application, Yield, Nitrogen accumulation, Interspecific relationship

韩雪, 王英, 韩冬雨, 赵鑫瑶, 李晓婷, 张宏杰, 李立军. 施氮对燕麦间作三叶草产量、氮积累量及种间关系的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2025 (1): 187–193

Han Xue, Wang Ying, Han Dongyu, Zhao Xinyao, Li Xiaoting, Zhang Hongjie, Li Lijun. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield, Nitrogen Accumulation, and Interspecific Relationships of Oat Intercropped with Clover[J]. Crops, 2025(1): 187–193

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施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	土地当量比LER			相对拥挤系数K
施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	LERo	LERs	LER	Ko	Ks	K
N0	0.76±0.01b	0.31±0.01a	1.07±0.03c	1.62±0.10c	0.90±0.05a	1.45±0.04c
N75	0.83±0.02a	0.32±0.01a	1.15±0.02b	2.54±0.29b	0.93±0.04a	2.38±0.33b
N150	0.86±0.03a	0.33±0.02a	1.19±0.01a	3.12±0.03a	0.98±0.02a	3.04±0.04a

施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	侵占力 A		竞争比率 CR
施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	Ao	As	CRo	CRs
N0	0.41±0.01b	-0.41±0.01a	1.23±0.07a	0.81±0.04a
N75	0.45±0.01a	-0.45±0.01a	1.31±0.04a	0.76±0.02a
N150	0.47±0.00a	-0.47±0.00b	1.31±0.02a	0.76±0.01a

施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	实际产量损失AYL			系统生产力指数 SPI
施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	AYLo	AYLs	AYL	系统生产力指数 SPI
N0	0.14±0.02c	-0.07±0.04a	0.08±0.02c	4247.31±169.66b
N75	0.25±0.02b	-0.05±0.03a	0.21±0.05b	5422.08±230.84b
N150	0.29±0.00a	-0.02±0.01a	0.28±0.01a	5852.07±220.68a

施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	氮素当量比NER			氮素相对竞争力N-RC
施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	NERo	NERs	NER	N-RCo	N-RCs	N-RC
N0	0.77±0.06b	0.40±0.01a	1.18±0.06b	1.16±0.09a	1.21±0.03a	-0.05±0.07a
N75	0.81±0.02a	0.41±0.02a	1.23±0.02a	1.22±0.03a	1.24±0.06a	-0.02±0.08a
N150	0.82±0.01a	0.42±0.01a	1.24±0.02a	1.23±0.01a	1.27±0.04a	-0.04±0.04a