不同时期施用脱落酸对玉米籽粒灌浆和脱水的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.04.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以不同脱水类型玉米品种（生理脱水慢品种郑单958，生理脱水快品种京农科728和迪卡517）为试验材料，采用大田和盆栽试验，分别在灌浆中期（吐丝后20 d）和后期（吐丝后40 d左右）施用脱落酸（ABA），研究ABA对籽粒脱水的调控效应以及调控时期。结果表明，灌浆中期施用ABA后，和清水对照（CK）相比，郑单958和生理脱水快品种（京农科728和迪卡517）在大田和盆栽试验中的平均产量分别提高5.4%和8.2%，平均千粒重分别提高5.7%和9.0%，施用ABA能够通过提高玉米千粒重和产量，生理脱水快的品种京农科728反应更加敏感。灌浆中期施用ABA会加速各品种玉米生长发育进程，提高收获时籽粒干重并降低籽粒含水量，生理脱水快的品种效果比较显著。与CK相比，生理脱水快的玉米品种生殖生长期平均缩短了4 d，灌浆速率平均提高了9.2%，收获时籽粒干物质积累量平均提高了5.4%，籽粒含水量平均降低了7.6%。灌浆后期施用ABA，各品种产量、生育进程、灌浆速率及脱水速率均无显著变化。综上，ABA能够提高玉米产量，促进玉米籽粒脱水，且ABA调控玉米籽粒脱水的关键生育期为灌浆中期。

关键词: 玉米, ABA, 产量, 籽粒含水量, 籽粒脱水速率, 机械化粒收

Abstract:

Using maize varieties with different dehydration types (physiologically slow dehydration variety Zhengdan 958 and physiologically fast dehydration varieties Jingnongke 728 and Dika 517) as experimental materials, field and pot experiments were conducted to apply abscisic acid (ABA) during the mid (20 days after silking) and late grain-filling stages (around 40 days after silking), aiming to investigate the regulatory effects and regulatory periods of ABA on grain dehydration. Results showed that, compared with the water control (CK), the application of ABA during the mid grain-filling stage led to a 5.4% and 8.2% increase in average yield, and a 5.7% and 9.0% increase in average 1000-grain weight for Zhengdan 958 and fast dehydration varieties (Jingnongke 728 and Dika 517) in field and pot experiments, respectively. ABA enhanced maize yield by improving 1000-grain weight, with a more pronounced effect observed in fast dehydration variety Jingnongke 728. ABA application during the mid grain-filling stage shortened the growth period of maize, increased grain dry weight at harvest, and reduced grain moisture content, with more significant effects observed in fast dehydration varieties. Compared with the CK, the reproductive growth period of fast dehydration varieties was shortened by four days, the grain filling rate increased by 9.2%, the grain dry matter accumulation at harvest increased by 5.4%, and the grain moisture content at harvest decreased by 7.6% on average. Applying ABA during the late grain-filling stage did not result in significant changes in yield, growth progress, grain filling rate, and dehydration rate across the varieties. In summary, ABA can increase maize yield and promote grain dehydration, with the key growth stage for ABA regulation of maize grain dehydration being the mid-grain filling stage.

Key words: Maize, ABA, Yield, Grain moisture content, Grain dehydration rate, Mechanical grain harvesting

王兴亚, 陈宇涵, 张孟雯, 孙琳琳, 陈利容, 郭玉秋, 龚魁杰. 不同时期施用脱落酸对玉米籽粒灌浆和脱水的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2025 (4): 173–180

Wang Xingya, Chen Yuhan, Zhang Mengwen, Sun Linlin, Chen Lirong, Guo Yuqiu, Gong Kuijie. The Effects of ABA Application at Different Stages on Maize Grain Filling and Dehydration[J]. Crops, 2025(4): 173–180

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时期 Stage	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	穗粒数 Kernel number per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	收获指数 Harvest index
灌浆中期Mid-filling stage	ZD958	CK	13 801.4±435.8b	530.7±19.5a	296.2±2.5b	0.53±0.00b
		ABA	14 517.0±92.6a	530.0±7.3a	320.5±1.8a	0.55±0.01a
	JNK728	CK	12 655.5±205.4b	445.3±11.8a	333.5±1.8b	0.53±0.00b
		ABA	13 800.1±366.2a	453.2±8.7a	375.1±11.5a	0.57±0.01a
	DK517	CK	11 167.4±17.4b	460.9±8.6b	316.4±2.6b	0.53±0.01b
		ABA	11 826.1±9.7a	497.1±3.0a	328.4±2.7a	0.56±0.01a
灌浆后期Late-filling stage	ZD958	CK	13 840.7±101.5a	528.6±1.1a	299.5±1.0a	0.49±0.02a
		ABA	13 116.5±298.3b	520.8±2.1b	298.1±1.0a	0.48±0.01a
	JNK728	CK	12 541.4±171.9a	449.0±1.0a	339.6±3.5a	0.52±0.02a
		ABA	12 798.1±174.1a	453.2±1.3a	343.2±1.0a	0.53±0.03a
	DK517	CK	10 870.2±221.7a	447.2±1.0a	311.7±1.7a	0.51±0.01a
		ABA	11 021.5±436.8a	451.6±2.0a	306.8±1.5a	0.51±0.01a

时期 Stage	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	穗粒数 Kernel number per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	收获指数 Harvest index
灌浆中期Mid-filling stage	ZD958	CK	13 875.3±6.7b	549.6±10.2a	285.7±0.7b	0.50±0.00b
		ABA	14 651.7±336.2a	556.9±5.1a	294.8±0.3a	0.54±0.01a
	JNK728	CK	12 799.9±192.6b	483.2±3.2a	316.2±1.5b	0.51±0.01b
		ABA	14 030.1±79.8a	477.1±0.5a	350.3±0.4a	0.56±0.02a
灌浆后期Late-filling stage	ZD958	CK	13 432.9±174.6a	545.2±2.8a	281.4±0.8a	0.49±0.02a
		ABA	13 652.9±325.2a	543.8±0.2a	276.4±0.5a	0.50±0.02a
	JNK728	CK	12 428.9±299.0a	479.5±2.5a	311.6±1.9a	0.51±0.01a
		ABA	12 327.9±345.2a	485.6±4.0a	306.8±0.5a	0.51±0.01a