石灰与猪粪配施对双季优质稻稻米品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2025.04.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以优质食味水稻品种柒两优2012（早稻）和泰优871（晚稻）为试验材料，设置施用化肥（NPK）、猪粪代替50%的化肥氮（1/2N+M）和石灰与猪粪有机肥配施（1/2N+M+L）3个处理，以探明石灰与猪粪配施对双季优质稻稻米品质的影响。结果表明，在加工品质上，与NPK相比，早稻季的1/2N+M和1/2N+M+L在2019年分别使精米率提高1.20和2.18个百分点；在2020年分别提高整精米率1.40和1.76个百分点。在外观品质上，与NPK相比，早稻季的1/2N+M和1/2N+M+L在2020年分别降低垩白粒率3.65和4.99个百分点，降低垩白度1.45和1.52个百分点；晚稻季的1/2N+M+L在2019年降低垩白度3.11个百分点。在食味品质上，与NPK和1/2N+M相比，早稻季的1/2N+M+L在2019年分别降低直链淀粉含量1.27和1.01个百分点，提高胶稠度4.74%和7.19%。与1/2N+M相比，晚稻季的1/2N+M+L在2020年降低直链淀粉含量0.89个百分点，提高胶稠度2.37%。与NPK相比，晚稻季的1/2N+M+L在2020年使消减值降低8.58%；在2019和2020年使崩解值分别提升38.04%和11.22%。在卫生品质上，与NPK相比，1/2N+M显著增加了2020年早稻精米中的镉含量；而与1/2N+M相比，1/2N+M+L显著降低了镉含量。因此，石灰与猪粪配施在提高土壤肥力的同时有利于改善双季优质稻的加工、外观、食味和卫生品质。

关键词: 双季稻, 土壤酸化, 有机肥, 稻米品质, 镉

Abstract:

Using high-quality rice varieties Qiliangyou 2012 (early rice) and Taiyou 871 (late rice) as experimental materials, three treatments: application of chemical fertilization (NPK), 50% of chemical nitrogen substituted by pig manure (1/2N+M), and combined application of lime with pig manure (1/2N+M+L) were set up to explore the effects of lime and pig manure combination application on the quality of the high-quality double-cropping rice. The results showed that in terms of milling quality, compared with NPK, 1/2N+M and 1/2N+M+L in the early rice season increased the milled rice rate by 1.20 and 2.18 percentage points in 2019, with the head rice rate increased by 1.40 and 1.76 percentage points in 2020, respectively. In terms of appearance quality, compared with NPK, 1/2N+M and 1/2N+M+L in the early rice season reduced the chalky grain rate by 3.65 and 4.99 percentage points, and reduced chalkiness by 1.45 and 1.52 percentage points in 2020, respectively. Compared with NPK, 1/2N+M+L reduced the chalkiness of the late rice by 3.11 percentage points in 2019. Compared with NPK and 1/2N+M, 1/2N+M+L in the early rice season reduced the amylose content by 1.27 and 1.01 percentage points and increased gel consistency by 4.74% and 7.19% in 2019, respectively. Compared with 1/2N+M, the 1/2N+M+L in the late rice season reduced the amylose content by 0.89 percentage points and increased gel consistency by 2.37% in 2020. Compared with NPK, 1/2N+M+L in the late rice season reduced the setback by 8.58% in 2020, but increased the breakdown by 38.04% and 11.22% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Compared with NPK, 1/2N+M significantly increased the cadmium concentration in polished early rice in 2020, while 1/2N+M+L significantly reduced the cadmium concentration relative to 1/2N+M. Therefore, the combined application of lime and pig manure can promote soil fertility as well as improving the processing, appearance, taste and hygiene quality of the high-quality double-cropping rice.

Key words: Double-cropping rice, Soil acidification, Organic fertilizer, Rice quality, Cadmium

邓洲, 龚晨旭, 何宇轩, 曾勇军, 黄山. 石灰与猪粪配施对双季优质稻稻米品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2025 (4): 181–187

Deng Zhou, Gong Chenxu, He Yuxuan, Zeng Yongjun, Huang Shan. Effects of Combined Lime and Pig Manure Application on Grain Quality of Double-Cropping High-Quality Rice[J]. Crops, 2025(4): 181–187

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice rate	精米率 Milled rice rate	整精米率 Head rice rate
2019	NPK	78.63±1.25a	61.99±1.07b	38.75±0.11b
	1/2N+M	79.36±0.72a	63.19±1.10a	40.77±1.80b
	1/2N+M+L	79.37±0.72a	64.17±0.97a	46.19±0.53a
2020	NPK	78.27±0.30a	55.82±0.54a	42.90±0.63b
	1/2N+M	77.90±0.33a	55.26±0.10a	44.30±0.10a
	1/2N+M+L	77.44±0.79a	56.00±0.65a	44.66±0.64a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice rate	精米率 Milled rice rate	整精米率 Head rice rate
2019	NPK	75.80±1.59a	64.61±4.60a	46.34±5.60a
	1/2N+M	77.35±0.87a	62.58±0.56a	43.92±2.06a
	1/2N+M+L	79.18±2.25a	65.10±2.45a	49.36±4.86a
2020	NPK	81.44±0.38a	69.87±0.08a	60.89±0.86a
	1/2N+M	81.25±0.23a	69.39±0.62a	59.46±1.66a
	1/2N+M+L	81.37±0.47a	69.53±0.02a	61.94±1.07a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate	垩白度 Chalkiness
2019	NPK	17.75±0.81a	5.67±0.13a
	1/2N+M	16.38±0.89a	5.25±0.68ab
	1/2N+M+L	15.66±1.41a	4.68±0.19b
2020	NPK	18.46±2.66a	5.73±0.28a
	1/2N+M	14.81±0.80b	4.28±0.13b
	1/2N+M+L	13.47±0.77b	4.21±0.13b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate	垩白度 Chalkiness
2019	NPK	18.87±3.76a	8.61±1.86a
	1/2N+M	15.15±1.16a	6.79±0.59ab
	1/2N+M+L	14.28±2.32a	5.50±0.76b
2020	NPK	5.90±0.08a	1.35±0.02a
	1/2N+M	5.88±1.14a	1.38±0.06a
	1/2N+M+L	5.83±0.53a	1.37±0.12a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)
2019	NPK	16.81±0.15a	70.00±0.24b
	1/2N+M	16.55±0.40a	68.40±0.97b
	1/2N+M+L	15.54±0.65b	73.32±1.94a
2020	NPK	16.55±0.23a	69.56±2.10b
	1/2N+M	16.17±0.36ab	73.86±0.82ab
	1/2N+M+L	15.94±0.23b	75.56±1.00a