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作物杂志,2026, 第2期: 1–11 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.001

• 遗传育种·种质资源·生物技术 •    下一篇

小麦面粉和鲜面片色泽及相关基因组成分析

袁博1(), 张晓2(), 方正武1, 李曼2, 寿路路2, 汪尊杰2, 江伟2, 肖龙飞2, 高德荣2,3()   

  1. 1长江大学农学院， 434025， 湖北荆州
    2江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所/农业农村部长江中下游小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室， 225007， 江苏扬州
    3扬州大学农学院/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心， 225009， 江苏扬州
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-09 修回日期:2025-01-17 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 高德荣，研究方向为小麦品质遗传育种，E-mail：gdr@wheat.org.cn；张晓为共同通信作者，研究方向为小麦品质遗传育种，E-mail：zhangxiao820218@163.com
  • 作者简介:袁博，主要从事小麦品质育种研究，E-mail：1176408889@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32071999);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021335);国家农业生物育种重大项目课题任务(2023ZD0402504)

Analysis of Color Traits and Related Gene Composition in Wheat Flour and Fresh Noodle Sheet

Yuan Bo1(), Zhang Xiao2(), Fang Zhengwu1, Li Man2, Shou Lulu2, Wang Zunjie2, Jiang Wei2, Xiao Longfei2, Gao Derong2,3()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
    2Lixiahe Institute of Agriculture Sciences / Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement for Low and Middle Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225007, Jiangsu, China
    3College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University / Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2024-12-09 Revised:2025-01-17 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-16

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摘要：

小麦面粉及面制品白度是影响小麦商品品质的重要指标，以94份小麦品种为试验材料，研究不同品种小麦面粉及面制品白度的差异及其影响因素。结果表明，小麦品种间白度差异显著，但同一材料的面粉和鲜面片色泽相关性分析表现一致；面粉白度与籽粒硬度、籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间和稳定时间呈极显著负相关，与低谷黏度、最终黏度和回生值呈显著负相关，与面筋指数、稀懈值和糊化温度正相关；籽粒硬度、籽粒蛋白质含量、沉降值、糊化温度和稀懈值可解释面粉白度80.9%的变异，面筋指数、沉降值、糊化温度和稀懈值对面粉白度产生显著正向影响，籽粒蛋白质含量和籽粒硬度对面粉白度产生显著负向影响。面粉白度与硬度的负相关性最强（r = -0.83），硬度是影响小麦白度色泽的关键因素，软质小麦的面粉和鲜面片白度色泽整体高于硬质小麦。品质相关基因的变异位点Pinb-D1b、Pina-D1b、Ppo-A1b、Ppo-D1a、TaPod-A1b、Lox-B1a、Psy-A1b、Psy-B1a/b、Psy-D1a、TaPds-B1b、TaZds-A1a和TaLyc-B1b分布频率分别为54.7%、2.2%、21.3%、3.9%、8.0%、0.0%、0.0%、98.9%、96.6%、78.5%、5.3%和53.8%。筛选出扬麦15、扬麦25、川麦93、绵麦902和扬麦45等13个高白度软质小麦品种，以及周麦36、淮麦33、扬辐麦15和宁麦资218等高白度硬质小麦品种。高白度软质小麦品种白度均高于硬质小麦，且其优异色泽基因等位变异的比率高于整体材料。通过加强优良亲本的利用同时注重色泽优异基因的聚合和相关表型的筛选，可逐步改良小麦品种的白度色泽。

关键词: 小麦, 白度, 色泽, 面粉品质, KASP标记

Abstract:

The whiteness (WI) of wheat flour and its products is a key indicator influencing the commercial quality of wheat. Using 94 wheat varieties as experimental materials, the differences in flour WI and its products among different varieties and their influencing factors were investigated. The results showed significant differences in WI among wheat varieties, while the correlation analysis of flour and fresh noodle sheet color from the same material showed the same performance. Flour WI was highly significantly negatively correlated with grain hardness, grain protein content, wet gluten content, dough development time, and stability time; significantly negatively correlated with trough viscosity, final viscosity, and setback value; and positively correlated with gluten index, breakdown, and pasting temperature. Grain hardness, grain protein content, sedimentation value, pasting temperature, and breakdown accounted for 80.9% of the variation in flour WI. Gluten index, sedimentation value, pasting temperature, and breakdown had significant positive effects on flour WI, while grain protein content and grain hardness exerted significant negative effects. The negative correlation between flour WI and hardness was the strongest (r = -0.83), indicating that hardness is the key factor affecting wheat WI and color. The WI and color of flour and fresh noodle sheets from soft wheat were generally higher than those from hard wheat. The distribution frequencies of variation loci of quality-related genes, namely Pinb-D1b, Pina-D1b, Ppo-A1b, Ppo-D1a, TaPod-A1b, Lox-B1a, Psy-A1b, Psy-B1a/b, Psy-D1a, TaPds-B1b, TaZds-A1a, and TaLyc-B1b, were 54.7%, 2.2%, 21.3%, 3.9%, 8.0%, 0.0%, 0.0%, 98.9%, 96.6%, 78.5%, 5.3%, and 53.8%, respectively. Thirteen high-WI soft wheat varieties, such as Yangmai 15, Yangmai 25, Chuanmai 93, Mianmai 902, and Yangmai 45, and high-WI hard wheat varieties, such as Zhoumai 36, Huaimai 33, Yangfumai 15, and Ningmaizi 218, were screened. The WI of high-WI soft wheat varieties was higher than that of hard wheat, and the ratio of superior color gene allelic variations in these varieties was higher than that of the overall materials. By strengthening the utilization of elite parents while emphasizing the pyramiding of superior color genes and the screening of related phenotypes, the WI and color of wheat varieties can be gradually improved.

Key words: Wheat, Whiteness, Color, Flour quality, KASP marker

图1

94份小麦材料的面粉和鲜面片白度

表1

94份小麦材料的面粉白度分布

面粉
白度
Flour WI		 品种数
Number of
varieties		 占比
Percentage
(%)		 硬质类型
Hardness
type		 粒色
Grain color
(0,60) 4 4.3 硬质 2白2红
[60,65) 44 46.8 38份硬质 9白35红
[65,70)
 33
 35.1
 21份软质，
7份硬质		 6白27红
[70,75) 13 13.8 软质 2白11红

表2

94份小麦材料的面粉和鲜面片色泽

编号
Code		 品种
Variety		 面粉Flour 鲜面片Fresh noodle sheet
WI L* a* b* WI L* a* b*
0 h 2 h 4 h 24 h 0 h 2 h 4 h 24 h 0 h 2 h 4 h 24 h 0 h 2 h 4 h 24 h
1 扬麦25 70.2 90.4 0.6 6.7 32.3 27.5 23.8 23.1 78.8 74.8 73.4 66.6 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.3 16.2 17.6 17.8 16.0
2 扬麦27 69.1 91.5 0.5 7.2 31.8 26.6 23.6 17.9 78.2 75.5 74.0 68.6 1.7 2.3 2.2 2.5 17.4 18.8 18.6 17.1
3 扬麦28 64.7 90.3 0.5 8.4 32.7 23.8 20.8 15.0 79.0 74.9 73.8 67.3 2.2 2.6 2.6 3.0 18.5 19.9 20.2 19.5
4 扬麦29 62.7 89.7 0.6 8.9 29.6 23.8 20.7 14.5 79.0 74.9 73.8 65.6 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.4 18.5 19.9 20.3 17.8
5 扬麦30 68.9 91.2 0.4 7.2 29.7 25.3 23.6 18.9 78.6 75.8 74.8 68.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.7 17.2 19.2 19.5 18.4
6 扬麦31 69.2 91.0 0.4 7.0 33.0 26.3 24.0 19.4 77.8 75.2 72.6 67.3 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 17.1 18.6 18.9 17.6
7 扬麦33 69.0 90.7 0.5 6.9 30.3 24.7 22.4 18.6 79.1 75.4 73.9 68.3 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.9 17.5 19.2 19.3 18.5
8 扬麦34 68.2 90.8 0.4 7.2 32.6 28.1 25.6 22.7 80.0 77.0 75.3 70.9 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.6 17.1 18.4 18.8 17.3
9 扬麦35 61.8 89.8 0.7 9.3 26.9 21.5 19.9 15.2 79.9 76.5 74.4 66.0 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.6 19.3 20.4 21.1 18.9
10 扬麦36 67.2 90.7 0.5 7.6 42.6 30.2 25.2 18.8 81.0 78.0 76.6 67.8 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.3 14.8 17.9 19.0 18.1
11 扬麦37 59.8 89.6 0.6 9.9 27.2 16.3 13.7 13.0 76.6 73.6 71.7 63.0 2.5 2.8 2.9 3.3 20.6 23.0 23.5 22.2
12 扬麦39 60.5 89.4 0.7 9.6 25.8 27.1 22.4 16.0 80.9 76.7 74.6 65.5 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.8 19.3 20.8 20.4 19.3
13 扬糯麦2号 64.4 90.3 0.6 8.5 28.1 23.5 26.1 21.2 80.0 79.6 75.8 66.3 2.0 2.3 2.7 2.8 15.5 19.3 18.9 18.2
14 宁麦29 67.5 90.8 0.6 7.5 25.1 19.1 19.4 18.3 76.0 73.0 71.3 62.5 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 18.0 19.8 20.5 17.6
15 宁麦33 66.1 90.6 0.4 8.0 26.9 21.6 19.8 17.2 78.0 74.2 72.9 64.9 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.6 17.7 20.6 21.0 18.3
16 宁麦34 63.1 89.7 0.5 8.8 30.4 24.5 20.6 17.7 79.3 74.3 71.2 64.2 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.5 17.6 19.2 19.8 17.4
17 镇麦16 63.1 89.7 0.5 8.8 34.1 24.0 20.7 19.2 80.6 75.5 72.9 66.4 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.3 17.5 19.3 19.9 18.0
18 镇麦18 63.5 90.1 0.6 8.8 34.4 24.7 20.1 17.9 79.9 76.3 72.4 65.2 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.4 17.5 19.3 20.0 18.2
19 扬辐麦13 63.3 90.0 0.5 8.8 30.0 23.9 20.4 19.0 79.9 76.3 73.5 67.1 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 18.3 19.6 19.9 18.3
20 扬辐麦15 65.8 90.2 0.6 7.9 28.9 25.0 21.6 18.8 79.1 74.8 72.3 65.0 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.4 16.8 19.0 19.1 17.3
21 扬辐麦16 63.4 89.7 0.6 8.6 31.4 25.6 21.0 20.3 79.3 75.6 73.3 69.6 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.6 18.4 18.9 19.5 19.1
22 盐麦1号 64.6 89.7 0.6 8.2 39.0 25.8 24.4 19.1 79.2 73.0 73.0 67.8 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.8 16.9 18.9 19.7 18.5
23 盐麦2号 64.0 89.7 0.6 8.4 38.5 25.4 21.9 20.1 79.0 73.0 71.3 67.8 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 16.6 18.8 19.4 18.0
24 苏麦0588 64.0 90.2 0.6 8.6 29.8 22.3 20.5 19.1 79.1 73.4 72.6 68.5 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.7 17.6 19.9 20.3 18.8
25 苏麦198 64.1 90.5 0.7 8.7 30.8 22.8 20.2 18.1 79.1 74.0 72.6 68.3 2.1 2.5 2.8 3.1 17.5 19.7 20.4 19.1
26 苏麦288 65.5 90.1 0.5 8.0 31.6 26.2 22.9 22.5 77.2 75.0 71.5 66.7 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.2 16.9 18.3 18.3 16.3
27 华麦10号 63.0 90.5 0.5 9.1 29.5 22.7 19.7 20.0 79.1 75.2 73.3 70.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 1.8 18.5 20.2 20.9 18.4
28 华麦11号 63.9 90.2 0.8 8.7 28.6 － 19.8 17.4 78.9 73.1 71.2 65.3 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.3 18.0 18.8 19.2 17.9
29 华麦12号 68.9 90.9 0.5 7.0 32.9 － 20.6 20.5 79.3 73.8 71.5 64.3 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.8 18.1 18.5 19.4 17.1
30 华麦13号 67.2 90.5 0.6 7.5 33.5 － 17.5 16.9 78.8 72.9 71.4 65.0 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.6 14.8 18.5 19.6 18.5
31 华麦14号 71.1 92.1 0.5 6.7 35.1 － 23.4 21.8 78.1 74.1 72.4 68.1 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.3 15.9 17.7 18.4 17.2
32 华麦15号 69.2 91.6 0.5 7.2 29.5 － 18.1 18.1 75.9 73.5 71.3 66.0 2.1 2.2 2.7 3.2 18.4 19.3 20.1 18.5
33 农麦156 63.5 89.7 0.6 8.6 27.7 － 19.5 19.6 76.5 73.5 70.7 68.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.8 18.5 19.2 19.1 18.3
34 农麦179 63.4 89.8 0.7 8.7 30.5 24.5 21.3 19.6 77.5 74.2 71.6 65.8 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.5 18.4 19.7 18.9 17.8
35 农麦180 67.5 90.5 0.6 7.4 37.9 27.1 23.3 20.0 79.4 74.8 72.6 65.6 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.8 17.2 19.5 17.8 17.7
36 农麦99 63.4 89.3 0.6 8.5 37.8 27.3 22.1 18.9 78.3 73.0 70.5 64.0 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.6 17.2 18.8 18.3 17.4
37 润扬麦1号 69.8 91.1 0.4 6.8 34.4 30.0 25.5 23.2 77.3 73.9 71.9 67.6 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.5 16.2 17.1 17.0 16.5
38 苏研麦017 64.8 90.0 0.6 8.2 29.3 22.9 20.7 18.4 79.5 74.7 72.7 69.1 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.7 18.5 20.0 19.9 19.1
39 扬江麦586 64.9 90.3 0.6 8.3 28.7 26.0 20.6 18.3 77.8 74.2 72.4 69.2 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.7 17.9 18.8 19.2 18.6
40 瑞华麦590 64.0 90.0 0.6 8.5 27.6 24.6 20.4 19.0 78.4 73.7 70.8 65.1 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.3 17.8 19.5 19.5 17.7
41 瑞华麦598 64.3 89.5 0.7 8.2 31.2 25.0 23.0 19.3 78.9 74.1 71.6 64.4 2.0 2.6 2.6 2.9 15.9 18.4 18.8 18.1
42 中垦麦212 61.2 88.5 0.7 8.9 24.3 21.0 17.7 16.6 74.9 70.3 67.9 62.7 2.7 3.2 3.3 3.3 19.1 19.7 19.4 17.7
43 中垦麦616 69.5 91.1 0.5 6.9 30.9 28.4 26.1 25.2 77.9 76.1 73.3 70.2 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.4 17.4 17.2 17.2 16.7
44 泰麦6号 59.1 87.9 0.7 9.5 25.8 17.9 16.4 15.0 74.4 68.7 66.9 61.5 2.5 2.9 2.9 3.1 18.9 20.2 20.2 18.2
45 泰麦901 63.1 88.7 0.5 8.3 31.9 24.2 22.4 20.1 77.0 72.3 70.2 65.3 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.3 17.4 18.4 18.7 17.1
46 宁麦资166 63.0 89.3 0.6 8.6 27.8 23.7 22.4 18.8 78.7 73.1 71.1 64.6 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 17.3 19.0 19.4 17.6
47 宁麦资518 71.6 91.4 0.4 6.3 36.6 30.4 27.0 24.9 80.6 75.9 74.3 69.7 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.4 13.4 17.1 17.6 16.9
48 宁麦资958 65.8 90.1 0.6 7.9 28.1 26.0 23.0 21.0 79.5 73.6 71.6 65.2 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.3 16.5 18.3 16.9 16.7
49 宁麦资666 69.6 91.0 0.4 6.8 32.8 31.5 27.2 25.2 78.8 76.5 75.2 69.8 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 16.5 17.4 17.5 18.5
50 宁麦资999 63.9 89.2 0.8 8.2 27.8 29.4 23.0 15.6 78.3 73.3 71.7 61.1 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.9 16.8 18.4 19.3 18.5
51 宁麦资218 65.6 90.4 0.6 8.1 29.8 26.5 24.4 18.8 79.7 76.0 73.5 66.1 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.8 15.7 17.3 18.6 18.8
52 明麦13 63.4 89.5 0.7 8.5 26.2 24.8 21.6 17.7 79.9 75.9 73.7 68.2 2.1 2.3 2.4 3.0 19.5 20.2 20.3 20.3
53 明麦133 65.6 90.1 0.6 8.0 32.2 26.8 24.7 21.2 77.6 75.2 73.6 68.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.8 17.3 18.2 18.3 18.0
54 隆麦30 69.2 91.2 0.6 7.0 32.9 26.8 23.3 23.1 78.4 75.7 74.2 65.8 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.0 18.3 17.7 18.3 18.3
55 隆麦39 69.3 91.5 0.5 7.2 33.1 25.1 26.8 17.0 78.7 73.2 75.6 70.3 1.7 2.3 2.0 2.3 17.2 18.5 18.6 19.3
56 江丰麦1号 68.0 90.5 0.6 7.2 31.9 24.5 26.8 22.9 77.8 72.0 74.5 69.8 1.9 2.4 2.1 3.1 16.3 18.8 18.2 19.2
57 宁丰麦1号 64.2 89.4 0.6 8.2 32.6 23.7 21.1 15.0 77.0 72.8 70.9 66.5 2.2 2.5 2.7 3.1 17.8 18.4 18.5 19.4
58 宁红麦1119 69.6 91.0 0.4 6.8 29.6 26.5 23.1 22.2 76.2 75.1 72.9 67.5 1.9 1.9 2.4 3.7 17.0 18.2 18.4 19.6
59 扬麦40 66.0 90.1 0.6 7.8 30.5 25.4 23.0 20.6 76.9 74.0 72.1 65.7 2.0 2.3 2.3 3.0 17.4 18.0 18.5 17.9
60 扬麦41 63.4 89.2 0.7 8.4 31.4 25.5 21.5 18.4 77.3 73.8 71.7 63.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 13.8 19.6 19.5 18.0
61 扬麦42 70.9 91.5 0.4 6.6 34.7 29.1 28.0 24.1 78.2 75.8 74.2 68.3 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 16.8 17.7 17.5 15.8
62 扬麦43 62.8 89.8 0.7 8.9 29.8 22.8 20.8 21.8 78.8 75.3 73.7 68.1 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.3 19.3 20.3 20.3 19.8
63 扬麦45 71.1 91.8 0.3 6.6 34.1 32.1 30.1 29.3 81.0 78.6 77.1 73.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.8 16.0 17.1 17.0 18.8
64 扬麦46 63.6 89.5 0.7 8.5 25.7 22.9 20.9 20.4 78.2 74.1 72.7 66.2 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.6 17.7 19.3 19.4 18.4
65 扬麦44 69.8 91.3 0.3 6.9 31.7 28.2 25.6 20.6 79.0 75.4 73.8 64.5 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.9 16.5 17.5 17.3 16.1
66 扬麦23 64.4 89.7 0.7 8.3 23.2 18.3 18.6 19.5 74.4 72.1 72.2 65.4 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.6 18.2 20.8 20.4 19.6
67 山农28号 64.4 90.9 0.6 8.8 20.6 25.9 23.5 23.2 68.3 76.1 74.5 68.6 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 18.5 18.6 19.4 17.9
68 烟农999 68.1 92.2 0.3 7.9 27.5 22.7 21.8 24.7 80.1 78.0 76.8 72.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.6 20.0 20.9 21.1 20.3
69 烟农1212 69.6 91.8 0.3 7.2 34.9 29.7 27.4 30.0 81.5 78.9 77.7 73.5 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 14.2 18.0 16.9 16.3
70 泛麦8号 74.0 92.1 0.4 5.7 37.9 34.4 32.1 28.3 80.9 78.1 76.8 71.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 15.7 16.4 16.4 14.2
71 周麦36号 67.0 91.2 0.5 7.9 33.0 27.2 23.7 25.3 79.6 76.4 75.4 71.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 17.4 19.0 19.4 18.8
72 百农207 64.5 90.4 0.5 8.5 32.7 27.1 27.5 27.5 79.9 77.8 76.6 71.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 18.1 18.8 18.5 17.0
73 绵麦902 74.0 92.5 0.3 5.9 39.5 33.4 30.3 29.8 81.6 78.9 77.3 72.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 13.8 16.3 16.4 15.9
74 师栾02-1 64.3 89.9 0.6 8.4 29.1 21.4 19.2 19.4 77.1 73.9 72.4 67.6 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 18.8 20.0 20.5 17.2
75 衡观35 59.7 89.6 0.5 10.0 19.4 15.5 14.4 17.5 76.9 74.3 73.6 65.6 1.9 2.0 1.9 0.9 22.4 23.3 23.2 20.1
76 鲁原502 61.4 90.2 0.6 9.6 25.6 19.8 17.4 19.8 77.4 74.4 73.3 65.9 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 21.1 21.6 22.2 18.9
77 济麦22 62.5 90.6 0.4 9.4 29.4 27.4 25.5 28.5 81.4 77.8 77.4 73.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.3 18.8 19.2 19.2 18.1
78 西农979 62.9 90.4 0.5 9.1 28.6 22.3 19.3 22.9 79.5 76.7 75.8 70.6 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 20.8 21.7 21.8 20.0
79 郑麦379 56.4 89.7 0.4 11.4 16.8 15.5 12.7 21.8 79.1 77.5 75.7 72.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 0.9 23.2 23.2 24.8 23.8
80 郑麦136 60.0 90.4 0.4 10.2 23.8 20.9 16.8 24.9 80.1 77.4 76.3 74.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.6 22.6 22.6 23.4 23.9
81 百农4199 65.7 90.5 0.3 8.1 28.4 23.9 22.2 25.1 78.6 76.5 75.1 70.8 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 19.7 20.0 20.5 18.5
82 川麦104 73.0 91.9 0.2 6.0 38.3 35.7 33.5 31.7 80.9 78.6 77.0 74.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.8 14.8 15.7 15.9 15.2
83 川麦42 74.1 92.1 0.2 5.6 38.4 33.5 31.6 32.1 82.8 78.0 77.1 72.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 2.1 13.2 15.9 15.9 15.5
84 川麦93 74.7 92.5 0.2 5.6 42.2 39.1 35.4 36.9 81.9 80.0 77.8 77.6 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 14.1 14.2 15.4 14.6
85 龙麦35 65.4 89.7 0.6 7.9 31.7 28.7 27.0 30.5 78.9 76.2 74.4 74.7 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.9 17.0 17.9 17.8 17.6
86 淮麦33 65.9 90.2 0.4 7.9 31.2 27.1 25.8 23.9 79.5 77.0 74.6 68.3 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.5 18.2 18.5 18.9 21.2
87 扬麦13 70.6 91.4 0.3 6.6 29.9 27.4 24.1 22.3 77.3 75.2 73.0 65.7 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.6 17.7 18.3 18.3 18.5
88 扬麦15 70.2 91.3 0.3 6.7 33.4 30.5 28.6 22.1 78.9 78.2 76.6 70.5 1.9 1.6 1.7 2.2 17.4 17.5 17.6 18.9
89 扬麦16 63.8 89.3 0.6 8.3 31.9 25.1 22.5 18.2 79.6 75.4 74.0 67.7 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.7 17.2 19.4 19.6 20.3
90 扬麦20 70.5 91.1 0.4 6.5 34.1 37.0 30.5 28.7 78.7 80.9 76.6 70.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.8 16.4 15.8 16.2 17.0
91 农麦88 62.5 88.7 0.5 8.6 28.7 20.9 19.5 13.5 77.9 73.3 71.1 63.7 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.8 18.3 20.3 20.7 20.3
92 中麦175 67.7 90.5 0.3 7.3 34.5 31.0 29.2 22.4 78.9 76.1 74.5 66.8 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.9 16.2 16.7 16.8 17.5
93 中麦578 62.8 89.7 0.4 8.8 23.3 18.8 16.7 13.3 78.5 74.1 72.3 64.4 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.5 20.5 21.3 22.3 21.5
94 中麦895 60.9 89.6 0.4 9.6 29.5 24.8 23.6 19.3 80.9 76.3 75.6 67.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.8 18.5 19.4 19.8 19.3

图2

94份小麦材料面粉和鲜面片的白度及亮度聚类分析

图3

94份小麦材料面粉和鲜面片色泽的相关性分析 “*”和“**”分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平显著相关。

表3

94份小麦材料的面粉色泽与品质指标

指标
Index		 平均值
Average		 变幅
Range		 变异系数
CV (%)
面粉白度Flour WI 65.9 56.4~74.7 5.6
L* 90.4 87.9~92.5 1.0
a* 0.5 0.2~0.8 25.4
b* 8.0 5.6~11.4 13.6
籽粒蛋白质含量
Grain protein content (%)		 13.3
 9.4~18.0
 9.7
千粒重1000-grain weight (g) 48.7 36.6~63.6 11.1
籽粒硬度Grain hardness 64.9 49.4~74.7 10.7
面粉麸星含量
Flour gluten content (%)		 2.3
 0.9~5.9
 35.1
湿面筋含量
Wet gluten content (%)		 29.9
 18.0~42.9
 14.5
面筋指数Gluten index (%) 88.5 49.3~100.0 14.5
沉降值Sedimentation value (mL) 55.0 38.0~80.5 16.0
吸水率Water absorption rate (%) 61.4 52.8~72.6 6.6
面团形成时间
Dough development time (min)		 2.7
 1.2~16.2
 83.8
稳定时间Stability time (min) 7.3 0.9~37.8 88.8
弱化度Softness (BU) 63.0 -20.0~189.0 64.6
粉质质量指数
Farinograph quality index		 93.0
 17.0~600.0
 131.4
峰值黏度Peak viscosity (cP) 2335.0 722.0~3010.0 20.5
低谷黏度Trough viscosity (cP) 1380.6 43.5~1891.0 28.2
稀懈值Breakdown (cP) 954.0 503.0~1342.0 18.9
最终黏度Final viscosity (cP) 2635.0 301.0~3395.0 24.4
回生值Setback (cP) 1255.0 258.0~1586.0 21.0
峰值时间Peak time (min) 5.9 3.5~6.4 6.3
糊化温度Pasting temperature (℃) 62.5 60.3~64.9 1.6

图4

小麦面粉色泽与品质指标的相关性分析 GPC：籽粒蛋白质含量；TGW：千粒重；GH：籽粒硬度；WGC：湿面筋含量；GI：面筋指数；SV：沉降值；WAR：吸水率；DDT：面团形成时间；ST：稳定时间；PV：峰值黏度；TV：低谷黏度；BD：稀懈值；FV：最终黏度；SD：回生值；PT：峰值时间；PaT：糊化温度。

表4

94份小麦材料品质及硬度相关基因等位变异的分布频率

性状
Trait		 基因
Gene		 等位变异
Allele		 数目
Number		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 面粉白度
Flour
WI		 L* 0 h鲜面片白度
WI of 0 h fresh
noodle sheet		 24 h鲜面片白度
WI of 24 h fresh
noodle sheet		 N Indet Heterozygote
籽粒硬度
Grain
hardness
 Pinb-D1 Pinb-D1b 47 54.7 63.2 89.8 28.6 19.5 7 1 －
Pinb-D1a 39 45.4 69.2 91.1 33.2 23.0
Pina-D1 Pina-D1b 2 2.2 63.7 89.7 33.1 19.9 2 － 1
Pina-D1a 89 97.8 65.9 90.4 30.8 21.1
Pinb2-V Pinb-B2b 18 19.2 65.7 90.4 29.2 19.9 － － －
Pinb-B2a 76 80.9 65.9 90.4 31.2 21.2
籽粒色泽
Grain color
 Ppo-A1 Ppo-A1b 20 21.3 67.2 90.6 31.8 22.9 － － －
Ppo-A1a 74 78.7 65.5 90.3 30.6 20.5
Ppo-D1 Ppo-D1a 2 3.9 71.8 91.6 34.7 28.6 1 － 42
Ppo-D1b 49 96.1 64.9 90.2 30.5 20.5
Lox-B1 Lox-B1a 0 0.0 － － － － 4 － －
Lox-B1b 90 100.0 65.8 90.4 30.7 20.9
TaPod-A1 TaPod-A1b 7 8.0 68.2 91.0 33.0 24.0 － 4 2
TaPod-A1a 81 92.1 65.6 90.3 30.6 20.7
Psy-A1 Psy-A1b 0 0.0 － － － － － 1 －
Psy-A1a 93 100.0 65.9 90.4 30.8 21.0
Psy-B1 Psy-B1a/b 93 98.9 65.9 90.4 30.8 21.0 － － －
Psy-B1c 1 1.1 60.9 89.6 29.5 19.3
Psy-D1/Sr25 Psy-D1a 86 96.6 66.0 90.4 30.8 21.1 2 3 －
Sr25/Psy1Da-g 3 3.4 62.6 89.5 31.9 19.4
TaPds-B1 TaPds-B1b 73 78.5 65.9 90.4 31.0 20.9 － 1 －
TaPds-B1a 20 21.5 65.9 90.4 30.3 21.5
TaZds-A1 TaZds-A1a 5 5.3 64.8 90.0 27.7 16.9 － － －
TaZds-A1b 89 94.7 65.9 90.4 31.0 21.2
TaLyc-B1 TaLyc-B1b 50 53.8 66.6 90.6 30.9 21.7 － 1 －
TaLyc-B1a 43 46.2 65.1 90.2 30.7 20.2

表5

不同硬度类型小麦的面粉品质性状

小麦硬质类型
Wheat hardness type		 面粉白度
Flour WI		 粒色
Grain color		 籽粒硬度
Grain hardness		 L* a* b* 吸水率
Water absorption rate(%)
硬质小麦 63.2 13白，36红 69.6 89.8 0.6 8.8 63.8
软质小麦 69.9 5白，29红 56.8 91.3 0.4 6.9 57.1
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