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作物杂志,2026, 第2期: 127–133 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.015

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇    下一篇

穗肥运筹对粳稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响

占亚楠(), 吴超, 杜玉倍, 常明娟, 汤玉煊, 刘素玲, 芦振华()   

  1. 开封市农林科学研究院， 475004， 河南开封
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-24 修回日期:2024-11-23 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 芦振华，研究方向为作物育种与配套栽培技术，E-mail：luzhenh2011@126.com
  • 作者简介:占亚楠，研究方向为作物育种与配套栽培技术，E-mail：867617691@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省重大科技专项(241100110100)

Effects of Panicle Fertilizer Management on Yield, Grain Quality, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Japonica Rice

Zhan Yanan(), Wu Chao, Du Yubei, Chang Mingjuan, Tang Yuxuan, Liu Suling, Lu Zhenhua()   

  1. Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
  • Received:2024-10-24 Revised:2024-11-23 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-16

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摘要：

肥料运筹尤其是穗肥的精准施用对水稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率影响较大，为确定河南沿黄稻区合理的穗肥比例及施肥叶龄期，以水稻品种汴粳5号为试验材料，在施氮量277.5 kg/hm2水平下，研究常规模式（穗肥于倒2、1叶期施用）和精确后移模式（穗肥于倒4、3叶期施用）2种氮肥运筹模式与硅锌肥配施对粳稻产量、稻米品质及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明，氮肥精确后移模式及硅锌肥配施均有明显的增产作用，增幅在3.9%~13.2%；氮肥精确后移模式通过增加有效穗数、提高成穗率和每穗实粒数增产，配施硅锌肥通过增加每穗实粒数和千粒重提高产量。氮肥精确后移模式与硅锌肥配施显著提高了稻米的精米率和整精米率，降低了垩白粒率和垩白度，有效改善了稻米的外观品质和加工品质；氮肥精确后移模式显著提高了水稻的氮素吸收利用率、氮素生理利用率、氮肥农学利用率及氮肥偏生产力，配施硅锌肥则显著提升了氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力。综上所述，氮肥精准后移模式与硅锌肥配施有助于河南沿黄稻区粳稻健康群体的构建，实现产量、稻米品质及氮素利用率的协同提升。

关键词: 氮肥运筹, 硅锌肥, 粳稻, 产量, 品质, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

Fertilizer management, especially the precise application of panicle fertilizer, has a significant impact on rice yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). To determine a reasonable panicle fertilizer ratio and application leaf-age stage for the rice-growing region along the Yellow River in Henan Province, this study used rice variety Bianjing 5 as the experimental material. At a nitrogen application rate of 277.5 kg/ha, the effects of two nitrogen fertilizer management modes—the conventional mode (with panicle fertilizer applied at the 2nd and 1st leaf stages from the top) and the precise delayed mode (with panicle fertilizer applied at the 4th and 3rd leaf stages from the top)—combined with silicon and zinc fertilizer on the yield, grain quality, and NUE of japonica rice were investigated. The results showed that both the precise delayed nitrogen mode and the application of silicon and zinc fertilizers had significant yield-increasing effects, with increments ranging from 3.9% to 13.2%. The precise delayed nitrogen mode improved yield by increasing the effective panicle number, improving the panicle-forming rate and grain number per panicle, while silicon and zinc supplementation improved yield by increasing grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight. The precise delayed nitrogen mode combined with silicon and zinc application significantly increased the milled rice rate and head rice rate, reduced the chalky grain rate and chalkiness, and effectively improved the appearance and processing quality of the rice. Furthermore, the precise delayed nitrogen mode significantly improved nitrogen uptake efficiency, physiological nitrogen efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, and nitrogen partial productivity, while silicon and zinc application significantly enhanced nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity. In conclusion, the precise delayed nitrogen mode combined with silicon and zinc fertilization contributes to the construction of a healthy population of japonica rice in the rice-growing region along the Yellow River in Henan Province, achieving synergistic improvement in yield, grain quality, and nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: Nitrogen management, Silicon and zinc fertilizer, Japonica rice, Yield, Quality, Nitrogen use efficiency

表1

试验施肥处理

处理
Treatment		 基肥施用量
Application amount
of basal fertilizer
(kg/hm2)		 蘖肥施用量
Application amount
of tillering
fertilizer (kg/hm2)		 穗肥Panicle fertilizer 硅肥Silicon fertilizer 锌肥Zinc fertilizer
施用量
Application
amount (kg/hm2)		 追施时期
Dressing
period		 施用量
Application
amount (kg/hm2)		 追施时期
Dressing
period		 施用量
Application
amount (kg/hm2)		 追施时期
Dressing
period
CK 750 225 150 倒2、1叶期 0 － 0 －
CK+SiZn 750 225 150 倒2、1叶期 30 倒4叶期 15 抽穗前5~7 d
PPM 750 150 225 倒4、3叶期 0 － 0 －
PPM+SiZn 750 150 225 倒4、3叶期 30 倒4叶期 15 抽穗前5~7 d
N0 0 0 0 － 0 － 0 －

图1

不同处理下水稻产量及其构成因素 “*”、“**”和“***”分别表示在P < 0.05、P < 0.01和P < 0.001水平下差异显著，“ns”表示无显著差异。下同。

图2

不同处理下稻米品质

图3

不同处理下氮肥利用率

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