品种和采收期对藜麦芽苗菜总黄酮、总多酚及其抗氧化活性的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.016

作物杂志,2026, 第2期: 134–142 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.02.016

• 生理生化·植物营养·栽培耕作 • 上一篇下一篇

品种和采收期对藜麦芽苗菜总黄酮、总多酚及其抗氧化活性的影响

李文琦¹(), 段雪妍², 胡一晨¹, 黄朝晖³^,⁴(), 秦培友²()

¹成都大学食品与生物工程学院， 610106，四川成都
²北京市农林科学院农产品加工与食品营养研究所， 100097，北京
³海南热带海洋学院， 572000，海南三亚
⁴海南热带海洋学院崖州湾创新研究院， 572000，海南三亚

收稿日期:2024-12-02 修回日期:2025-01-17 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-16
通讯作者: 秦培友，主要从事营养健康谷物品质评价与高值化利用研究，E-mail：qinpeiyou@baafs.net.cn；黄朝晖为共同通信作者，主要从事食品营养与功能研究，E-mail：554566782@qq.com
作者简介:李文琦，主要从事藜麦品质评价研究，E-mail：lwq8698@163.com
基金资助:
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2021XDNY294)

Effects of Variety and Harvesting Period on Total Flavonoids, Total Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Quinoa Sprouts

Li Wenqi¹(), Duan Xueyan², Hu Yichen¹, Huang Zhaohui³^,⁴(), Qin Peiyou²()

¹College of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
²Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
³Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572000, Hainan, China
⁴Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute of Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572000, Hainan, China

Received:2024-12-02 Revised:2025-01-17 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以河北和新疆的19份藜麦品种为试验材料，分析21~49 d藜麦芽苗菜的总多酚和总黄酮含量，采用DPPH（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼）和ABTS（2,2′-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）法评估其抗氧化活性。结果表明，随着生长期的变化，藜麦芽苗菜株高和鲜重显著增加；总多酚和总黄酮含量整体呈下降趋势；抗氧化活性也相应变化，且与总多酚和总黄酮含量呈显著正相关。结合聚类分析结果可知，来源于河北省的Y1~Y10号藜麦生长至35 d时，总多酚（10.38~12.71 mg GAE/g DW）和总黄酮（21.92~26.28 mg RE/g DW）含量较高，且具备一定的抗氧化活性（DPPH清除活性：11.65~15.64 mg TE/g DW；ABTS清除活性：24.56~33.98 mg TE/g DW），生物产量较高（株高：27.97~33.93 cm；鲜重：8.81~29.17 g/株），且品质较为鲜嫩。

关键词: 藜麦, 芽苗菜, 总多酚, 总黄酮, 抗氧化活性

Abstract:

Using 19 quinoa varieties from Hebei and Xinjiang as experimental materials, the total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of quinoa sprouts during 21-49 d were analyzed, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] methods. The results showed that with the change of growth period, plant height and fresh weight of quinoa sprouts increased significantly; the total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents showed an overall downward trend; and the antioxidant activity also changed accordingly and was significantly positively correlated with the total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents. Combined with the results of cluster analysis, it was found that when the quinoa varieties Y1-Y10 from Hebei Province grew to 35 d, the total polyphenol (10.38-12.71 mg GAE/g DW) and total flavonoid (21.92-26.28 mg RE/g DW) contents were relatively high, and they exhibited certain antioxidant activities (DPPH scavenging activity: 11.65-15.64 mg TE/g DW; ABTS scavenging activity: 24.56-33.98 mg TE/g DW). Furthermore, these varieties showed high biological yields (plant height: 27.97-33.93 cm; fresh weight: 8.81-29.17 g/plant) and relatively tender quality.

Key words: Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Sprouts, Total polyphenol, Total flavonoid, Antioxidant activity

李文琦, 段雪妍, 胡一晨, 黄朝晖, 秦培友. 品种和采收期对藜麦芽苗菜总黄酮、总多酚及其抗氧化活性的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2026 (2): 134–142

Li Wenqi, Duan Xueyan, Hu Yichen, Huang Zhaohui, Qin Peiyou. Effects of Variety and Harvesting Period on Total Flavonoids, Total Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Quinoa Sprouts[J]. Crops, 2026(2): 134–142

图/表 11

表1

表2

藜麦芽苗菜生长过程中株高和鲜重变化

编号 Number	21 d		28 d		35 d		42 d		49 d
编号 Number	株高 Plant height (cm)	鲜重（g/株） Fresh weight (g/plant)	株高 Plant height (cm)	鲜重（g/株） Fresh weight (g/plant)	株高 Plant height (cm)	鲜重（g/株） Fresh weight (g/plant)	株高 Plant height (cm)	鲜重（g/株） Fresh weight (g/plant)	株高 Plant height (cm)	鲜重（g/株） Fresh weight (g/plant)
Y1	16.40±0.07d	9.97±0.32d	20.86±0.49d	12.03±0.56d	31.65±3.25c	18.89±2.25c	49.17±4.32b	60.00±6.36b	57.07±1.12a	66.39±0.96a
Y2	15.98±0.64e	9.31±0.94c	20.94±0.58d	11.52±0.16c	31.00±0.87c	19.39±2.52c	48.40±3.75b	37.28±10.72b	51.87±1.53a	49.11±4.39a
Y3	15.85±0.44e	9.82±0.78d	21.56±1.05d	13.12±0.42d	28.60±1.82c	29.17±1.54c	45.80±2.52b	58.97±9.24b	55.25±3.12a	67.08±0.27a
Y4	15.82±0.31d	10.01±0.71c	19.33±0.63d	13.69±0.14c	31.15±4.72c	24.65±5.10b	46.00±0.10b	58.87±10.18a	60.90±4.97a	57.50±5.96a
Y5	14.98±0.58e	9.84±0.24d	21.05±0.31d	11.89±0.38d	30.23±1.15c	23.11±1.61c	48.70±3.12b	38.93±3.43b	63.42±0.61a	46.89±4.42a
Y6	14.50±0.76d	8.87±0.71d	20.91±0.54c	10.71±0.49cd	27.97±3.06b	19.39±2.77bc	38.37±3.66a	27.55±1.65b	41.77±0.58a	54.11±10.74a
Y7	15.92±0.35e	9.31±0.45d	20.96±0.81d	10.17±0.57d	29.77±2.07c	26.10±0.55c	56.87±4.44b	39.33±3.14b	63.48±2.97a	49.31±3.52a
Y8	15.98±0.60e	9.01±0.25c	22.03±1.53d	11.97±0.31c	33.93±2.21c	26.48±1.14b	63.07±1.79b	61.29±6.27a	66.93±0.84a	65.92±6.09a
Y9	15.91±0.37d	9.34±0.53c	21.28±1.97d	11.23±0.60c	33.33±2.93c	25.01±1.98b	46.77±7.46b	46.97±10.55a	57.33±1.91a	49.55±4.76a
Y10	14.79±0.40e	9.16±0.45c	20.96±1.31d	7.84±1.65c	31.30±0.82c	8.81±1.10c	56.97±2.87b	44.29±10.19b	66.92±1.99a	54.88±2.72a
Y11	15.73±0.10e	9.47±0.40c	23.96±3.08d	11.55±0.33c	32.50±3.46c	9.44±0.74c	60.03±3.56b	24.48±8.31b	72.12±1.60a	37.94±1.58a
Y12	16.31±0.16e	9.25±0.82d	22.18±1.02d	12.40±0.83cd	35.83±1.15c	13.33±2.32c	56.90±2.21b	21.90±2.51b	70.25±1.05a	37.46±1.53a
Y13	15.09±0.12e	9.40±0.86c	21.41±1.23d	12.76±0.37c	29.13±3.00c	25.19±9.61b	56.50±1.57b	22.81±1.63b	76.25±0.82a	37.95±0.91a
Y14	15.43±0.16e	9.50±0.15d	20.92±0.71d	11.80±0.49cd	27.50±2.65c	15.08±5.42c	42.43±3.00b	21.69±2.28b	63.45±2.52a	39.19±1.01a
Y15	15.78±0.73e	9.05±0.24b	20.76±0.63d	10.22±0.95b	23.43±0.75c	7.81±2.68b	37.73±0.78b	8.62±0.37b	52.60±1.74a	37.06±1.97a
Y16	15.40±0.23e	9.41±0.49c	22.15±2.52d	12.84±0.13c	32.67±1.53c	15.72±0.68bc	40.07±6.82b	24.79±12.24b	57.05±2.34a	40.24±4.19a
Y17	15.05±0.26d	8.76±0.46c	20.75±3.21d	10.64±1.00c	30.02±4.46c	19.30±2.85c	41.67±6.31b	13.42±5.79b	49.63±0.73a	37.77±1.50a
Y18	14.98±0.60e	8.09±0.73d	19.74±0.83d	10.60±0.26cd	30.60±1.87c	14.23±2.42c	40.37±0.96b	19.30±0.99b	57.12±0.42a	41.08±3.99a
Y19	15.96±0.43e	8.62±0.73c	19.99±1.48d	10.97±0.27bc	33.87±1.76c	14.42±1.60b	59.50±1.40b	33.20±5.27a	67.95±1.98a	37.64±1.59a
平均值 Mean	15.57±0.54e	9.27±0.48d	21.15±1.01d	11.47±1.33d	30.76±2.80c	18.71±6.47c	49.23±8.13b	34.93±16.51b	60.60±8.57a	47.74±10.63a

表2

图1

表3

表4

图2

表5

表6

表7

表8

表9

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编号 Number	品种名称 Variety name	材料来源 Material source
Y1	SX4 特76	张家口市农业科学院
Y2	SX12 石家庄（18）	张家口市农业科学院
Y3	QS 石家庄（19）	张家口市农业科学院
Y4	石家庄（11）	张家口市农业科学院
Y5	石家庄（3）	张家口市农业科学院
Y6	xsg70-100-3	张家口市农业科学院
Y7	LMSX4	张家口市农业科学院
Y8	2022南繁种	张家口市农业科学院
Y9	YY-11-192-3	张家口市农业科学院
Y10	XJ-SY-3	张家口市农业科学院
Y11	XJ-SY-5	伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所
Y12	XJ-SY-6	伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所
Y13	XJ-SY-10	伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所
Y14	XJ-SY-13	伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所
Y15	XJ-SY-22	伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所
Y16	XJ-SY-26	伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所
Y17	XJ-SY-29	伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所
Y18	XJ-SY-35	伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所
Y19	XJ-SY-41	伊犁哈萨克自治州农业科学研究所

编号Number	21 d	28 d	35 d	42 d	49 d
Y1	12.99±0.37a	12.01±0.18b	11.08±0.39c	10.75±0.13c	11.61±0.23b
Y2	15.00±0.16a	11.36±0.25b	10.80±0.13c	11.63±0.27b	10.53±0.24c
Y3	12.71±0.04a	10.29±0.17d	11.19±0.34c	11.84±0.06b	11.57±0.08b
Y4	10.59±0.35ab	10.91±0.09a	10.38±0.02b	9.81±0.20c	9.28±0.12d
Y5	11.75±0.24b	11.83±0.10b	12.19±0.06a	10.92±0.19c	10.93±0.02c
Y6	13.05±0.08a	10.99±0.38c	12.71±0.10ab	12.59±0.15b	10.50±0.02d
Y7	12.68±0.27a	12.18±0.37b	10.49±0.03c	10.74±0.12c	10.72±0.37c
Y8	13.98±0.02a	13.26±0.19b	11.19±0.23c	10.66±0.12d	9.87±0.22e
Y9	13.35±0.12a	9.98±0.19d	11.23±0.26c	11.04±0.25c	11.98±0.15b
Y10	14.58±0.05a	12.75±0.14b	10.53±0.10e	11.85±0.27d	12.33±0.04c
Y11	11.53±0.21ab	11.73±0.17a	10.39±0.22c	10.47±0.21c	11.29±0.23b
Y12	12.48±0.18a	10.66±0.14c	9.54±0.15d	11.26±0.26b	10.66±0.26c
Y13	13.88±0.11a	10.55±0.11c	9.35±0.08d	10.99±0.38b	10.48±0.15c
Y14	12.68±0.17a	11.72±0.15b	9.56±0.16e	11.26±0.32c	10.08±0.08d
Y15	12.56±0.28a	12.52±0.18a	10.47±0.28b	12.09±0.29a	10.53±0.25b
Y16	12.29±0.15b	12.80±0.12a	9.53±0.14d	9.64±0.12d	10.89±0.11c
Y17	12.70±0.46a	11.31±0.10b	10.27±0.21c	10.89±0.18b	11.47±0.46b
Y18	12.54±0.12a	11.56±0.30b	11.03±0.08c	9.83±0.21d	11.42±0.06b
Y19	13.35±0.41a	11.25±0.43b	10.94±0.01b	9.99±0.17c	9.03±0.15d

编号Number	21 d	28 d	35 d	42 d	49 d
Y1	29.76±0.04a	24.37±0.44c	22.07±0.44e	23.40±0.61d	26.38±0.62b
Y2	29.18±0.45b	28.20±0.50b	25.31±0.59c	23.43±0.34d	30.22±0.67a
Y3	36.03±1.15a	26.55±0.50c	24.48±0.63d	25.85±0.65cd	33.01±0.74b
Y4	31.65±0.51a	28.10±1.00b	22.91±0.48d	22.28±0.61d	26.57±0.43c
Y5	35.60±0.09a	23.11±0.51e	24.23±0.13d	25.78±0.25c	29.15±1.13b
Y6	32.59±0.88a	23.64±0.21c	26.28±0.34b	25.44±0.39b	25.82±0.96b
Y7	29.34±1.49a	22.49±0.33c	26.20±0.82b	19.99±0.39d	27.87±0.87a
Y8	33.71±0.59a	23.97±1.00b	22.55±0.33c	22.36±0.60c	24.53±0.37b
Y9	25.72±0.14b	22.29±0.22d	23.42±0.12c	27.21±0.13a	26.87±0.78a
Y10	32.48±0.20b	25.49±0.10c	21.92±0.48d	25.61±0.66c	35.40±0.71a
Y11	35.87±0.95a	24.46±0.89c	24.14±0.90c	21.72±0.13d	28.19±0.31b
Y12	30.69±1.20a	21.58±0.06d	28.32±0.52b	26.72±0.87c	18.67±0.70e
Y13	28.33±0.31a	27.88±0.31a	28.26±0.70a	23.89±0.23b	17.23±0.55c
Y14	31.65±0.45a	19.95±0.61d	24.29±0.53c	28.27±0.18b	20.10±0.40d
Y15	29.83±0.82a	20.13±0.25c	29.11±0.90a	28.85±0.75a	23.37±0.46b
Y16	34.94±0.24a	25.33±0.19b	23.88±0.40c	20.62±0.19e	22.64±0.29d
Y17	24.84±0.94c	23.20±0.25d	28.22±0.48a	25.51±0.69bc	26.60±0.46b
Y18	30.33±0.45a	20.29±0.41e	24.74±0.49d	26.83±0.43b	25.94±0.48c
Y19	24.29±0.08a	19.36±0.29d	23.99±0.62a	22.16±0.34b	20.37±0.26c

编号Number	21 d	28 d	35 d	42 d	49 d
Y1	16.46±0.26a	13.61±0.11c	12.91±0.17d	14.86±0.16b	13.31±0.62cd
Y2	18.90±0.26a	13.56±0.17c	12.46±0.30d	14.88±0.22b	12.65±0.25d
Y3	15.34±0.27b	11.09±0.14d	14.21±0.51c	15.90±0.28a	14.24±0.19c
Y4	14.16±0.02a	13.15±0.17c	12.77±0.16d	12.79±0.15d	13.71±0.19b
Y5	14.67±0.07b	13.39±0.31c	15.64±0.55a	16.16±0.29a	12.94±0.09c
Y6	15.66±0.09b	14.15±0.27c	14.62±0.55c	17.55±0.18a	11.39±0.38d
Y7	14.83±0.08a	14.59±0.20a	11.65±0.28c	13.55±0.50b	14.74±0.36a
Y8	19.55±0.11a	17.16±0.09b	13.28±0.22d	14.99±0.49c	13.03±0.03d
Y9	16.58±0.04a	12.02±0.27d	13.79±0.17c	14.77±0.31b	14.68±0.17b
Y10	21.21±0.31a	16.52±0.28b	12.10±0.30d	13.42±0.24c	10.61±0.12e
Y11	15.44±0.35a	14.72±0.21b	11.17±0.05c	11.39±0.25c	14.92±0.37b
Y12	14.32±0.14a	12.02±0.26d	12.72±0.29c	14.83±0.62a	13.50±0.15b
Y13	17.92±0.10a	11.68±0.26e	12.33±0.32d	13.37±0.34c	14.09±0.03b
Y14	15.64±0.14a	13.20±0.04c	11.34±0.15d	14.83±0.45b	12.92±0.10c
Y15	14.75±0.21b	12.58±0.20d	15.29±0.21b	16.53±0.59a	13.66±0.24c
Y16	14.27±0.09a	14.14±0.24ab	11.79±0.31c	11.48±0.34c	13.75±0.02b
Y17	16.46±0.18b	14.24±0.42c	12.21±0.61d	12.50±0.05d	17.35±0.24a
Y18	16.22±0.32a	14.28±0.25b	12.91±0.48c	12.74±0.27c	13.12±0.10c
Y19	18.05±0.38a	12.00±0.26e	15.04±0.68b	12.71±0.11d	13.90±0.21c

编号Number	21 d	28 d	35 d	42 d	49 d
Y1	39.66±0.96a	25.69±1.55c	33.52±0.20b	24.78±1.01c	33.62±1.72b
Y2	39.96±0.79a	25.57±0.29cd	24.56±1.25d	30.14±0.22b	26.71±0.19c
Y3	34.48±0.32a	22.13±0.68e	26.01±0.94d	28.14±1.17c	30.00±0.24b
Y4	31.78±0.95a	28.57±0.74b	28.65±0.19b	21.07±0.32d	22.99±0.49c
Y5	32.11±1.04a	25.51±2.36b	25.30±0.58b	25.38±0.55b	28.23±2.17b
Y6	31.90±2.24ab	28.43±0.35c	33.98±0.45a	31.48±1.45b	28.56±0.39c
Y7	33.21±1.17a	26.97±1.05c	29.83±0.38b	23.17±0.70d	29.20±0.76b
Y8	33.07±1.15a	27.78±0.70c	30.34±0.48b	28.58±0.77c	23.40±0.68d
Y9	33.19±2.62a	22.29±0.50c	28.02±0.51b	27.63±0.67b	29.12±0.56b
Y10	35.07±0.49a	32.23±0.54b	25.20±0.68c	24.00±0.50d	34.09±0.58a
Y11	30.89±1.16a	26.71±1.45b	22.01±1.06c	20.51±0.27c	30.84±0.58a
Y12	31.50±0.94a	21.75±0.69d	23.09±0.12c	28.11±0.58b	28.80±0.53b
Y13	36.65±0.94a	25.72±0.83c	23.20±1.23d	21.80±0.20d	27.54±0.75b
Y14	36.29±1.20a	25.88±0.90b	23.17±0.78c	24.26±0.37bc	24.78±1.13bc
Y15	29.30±0.07b	25.43±0.40c	23.87±1.38d	31.86±0.10a	30.20±0.91b
Y16	33.09±1.29a	28.34±0.69b	20.25±1.52d	22.05±0.93cd	23.61±1.00c
Y17	34.56±1.85a	26.03±0.43c	23.73±0.30d	23.69±0.64d	30.92±0.31b
Y18	35.83±1.36a	25.21±1.34c	24.05±0.08cd	22.76±0.48d	31.36±1.19b
Y19	35.97±1.60a	26.09±1.48b	26.55±0.67b	23.44±0.63c	20.11±1.66d

品种和采收期对藜麦芽苗菜总黄酮、总多酚及其抗氧化活性的影响

Effects of Variety and Harvesting Period on Total Flavonoids, Total Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Quinoa Sprouts

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指标 Index	总多酚 Total polyphenol	总黄酮 Total flavonoid	DPPH清除活性 DPPH scavenging activity	ABTS清除活性 ABTS scavenging activity
总多酚Total polyphenol	1.000
总黄酮Total flavonoid	0.393^**	1.000
DPPH清除活性DPPH scavenging activity	0.738^**	0.330^**	1.000
ABTS清除活性ABTS scavenging activity	0.750^**	0.509^**	0.622^**	1.000

来源 Source	总份数 Total number	类群Ⅰ Group Ⅰ		类群Ⅱ Group Ⅱ		类群Ⅲ Group Ⅲ
来源 Source	总份数 Total number	份数 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	份数 Number	占比 Proportion (%)	份数 Number	占比 Proportion (%)
张家口Zhangjiakou	50	10	20.00	40	80.00	0	0.00
伊犁Yili	45	9	20.00	0	0.00	36	80.00

组合 Group	总多酚 Total polyphenol (mg GAE/g DW)		总黄酮 Total flavonoid (mg RE/g DW)		DPPH清除活性 DPPH scavenging activity (mg TE/g DW)		ABTS清除活性 ABTS scavenging activity (mg TE/g DW)		株高 Plant height (cm)		鲜重（g/株） Fresh weight (g/plant)
组合 Group	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD
类群Ⅰ Group Ⅰ	12.88	1.03	30.89	3.54	16.34	1.97	34.13	2.81	15.57	0.54	9.27	0.48
类群Ⅱ Group Ⅱ	11.21	0.89	25.37	3.03	13.82	1.58	27.52	3.38	40.10	15.92	34.24	19.81
类群Ⅲ Group Ⅲ	10.76	0.88	24.02	3.31	13.37	1.46	25.21	3.22	40.81	17.58	21.52	11.34
平均值 Mean	11.38	1.20	25.96	4.10	14.15	1.95	27.97	4.56	35.46	17.90	24.43	17.36

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