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作物杂志,2026, 第3期: 21–29 doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.03.004

• 第二十八届中国科协年会学术论文专栏（主要粮食作物产能品质提升与高质量发展路径） • 上一篇    下一篇

灌浆结实期半深水灌溉对水稻产量、干物质转运及籽粒灌浆的影响

郭威1,2,3(), 孙冬1,2, 闫治霖1,2, 丁蓓1,2, 杜跃辰1,2, 吴慧扬1,2, 徐强1,2,3, 窦志1,2,3(), 高辉1,2,3   

  1. 1 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心， 225009， 江苏扬州
    2 江苏省优质粳稻产业工程研究中心， 225009， 江苏扬州
    3 扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院， 225009， 江苏扬州
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-12 修回日期:2026-03-25 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 窦志，主要从事水稻高产优质栽培和稻渔综合种养研究，E-mail：douzhi@yzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:郭威，主要从事水稻栽培研究，E-mail：1034177399@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    天长市横向课题(20230705000010);国家重点研发计划(2024YFD2300504)

Influence of Semi-Deep Water Irrigation during Grain-Filling Period on Rice Yield, Dry Matter Transportation and Grain-Filling

Guo Wei1,2,3(), Sun Dong1,2, Yan Zhilin1,2, Ding Bei1,2, Du Yuechen1,2, Wu Huiyang1,2, Xu Qiang1,2,3, Dou Zhi1,2,3(), Gao Hui1,2,3   

  1. 1 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2 Jiangsu High-Quality Japonica Rice Industrial Engineering Research Center, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    3 Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2025-12-12 Revised:2026-03-25 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-17

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摘要：

近年来，稻渔综合种养扩增迅速，成为一种重要的水稻种植制度。不少稻渔综合种养模式需在水稻种植的一定时期内形成半深水环境以满足水产动物的生长活动需求，这与水稻单作常规浅湿灌溉方式存在较大差异。以粳型常规水稻南粳5718和籼型两系杂交水稻徽两优898为试验材料，设置3种灌溉模式，分别为常规高产栽培浅湿灌溉模式（CK）、抽穗期至抽穗后40 d实施20 cm（WD20）和40 cm深的灌溉（WD40），研究了结实期不同灌溉深度对水稻产量、干物质积累与转运及籽粒灌浆的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，WD20和WD40处理造成2个试验品种结实率和千粒重均显著下降，导致水稻减产，且WD40的减产幅度明显大于WD20处理，徽两优898的产量损失大于南粳5718。经分析发现，与CK相比，半深水灌溉下水稻营养器官呈现出明显的“滞绿”现象，叶片衰老变慢，但光合作用生产的光合物质无法被充分转运利用，茎鞘干物质转运和籽粒灌浆明显差于CK处理，收获指数呈显著下降趋势。半深水灌溉下水稻强势粒和弱势粒的灌浆速率明显降低，导致水稻粒重显著下降，且弱势粒灌浆受半深水灌溉的影响更大。

关键词: 水稻, 半深水灌溉, 产量, 干物质转运, 籽粒灌浆

Abstract:

In recent years, the rapid expansion of integrated rice-fish farming has become an important rice planting system. Many integrated rice-fish farming systems need to form a semi-deep water environment during a certain period of rice planting to meet the needs of aquatic animal growth activities, which is quite different from the conventional shallow wet irrigation method of rice monoculture. In this study, japonica conventional rice Nangeng 5718 (NG5718) and indica two-line hybrid rice Huiliangyou 898 (HLY898) were used as experimental materials, and three irrigation modes were conducted: conventional shallow wet irrigation (CK); 20 (WD20) and 40 cm (WD40) irrigation depth from heading stage to 40 days after heading. This research investigated the effects of different irrigation depths during grain period on rice yield, dry matter translocation and accumulation, and grain filling. The results showed that, compared with CK, WD20 and WD40 treatments significantly decreased the seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of the two test varieties, resulting in a decrease in rice yield. The yield reduction effect of WD40 was significantly greater than that of WD20 treatment, and the yield loss of Huiliangyou 898 was greater than that of Nanjing 5718. The analysis showed that, compared with the CK, the vegetative organs of rice under semi-deep water irrigation showed obvious 'stay green' phenomenon. The leaf senescence slowed down but the photosynthetic substances could not be fully transported and utilized. The dry matter transport and grain filling of stem and sheath were significantly worse than those of CK treatment, and the harvest index showed a significant downward trend. The grain filling rate of superior and inferior grains of rice under semi-deep water irrigation was significantly reduced, resulting in a significant decrease in grain weight, and the grain filling of inferior grains was more severely affected.

Key words: Rice, Semi-deep water irrigation, Yield, Dry matter transportation, Grain filling

表1

各处理全生育期水分管理方式

生育时期Growth period CK WD20 WD40
缓苗期Seedling recovering 0~2 cm水层 0~2 cm水层 0~2 cm水层
分蘖期Tillering 2~4 cm水层 2~4 cm水层 2~4 cm水层
搁田期Field drying 排干水，搁至土表有鸡爪纹 排干水，搁至土表有鸡爪纹 排干水，搁至土表有鸡爪纹
拔节孕穗期Jointing and booting 浅湿交替 浅湿交替 浅湿交替
抽穗期-抽穗后40 d Heading - 40 days after heading 浅湿交替 保持20 cm水层 保持40 cm水层
抽穗后40 d-成熟期40 days after heading - maturity 浅湿交替 浅湿交替 浅湿交替
成熟期Maturity 收获前7 d左右断水 收获前7 d左右断水 收获前7 d左右断水

表2

结实期不同灌溉深度对水稻产量及收获指数的影响

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 单位面积有效穗数
Effective panicles per
unit area (×104/ hm2)		 每穗颖花数
Spikelets
per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 理论产量
Theoretical
yield (t/hm2)		 实际产量
Actual yield
(t/hm2)		 收获指数
Harvest
index (%)
南粳5718
NG5718		 CK 316.30a 168.86a 91.91a 26.44a 12.25a 12.19a 58.71a
WD20 311.60a 159.92ab 88.60b 25.54b 11.02b 10.98b 56.93ab
WD40 309.13a 153.73b 83.22c 25.18c 9.41c 9.31c 52.86b
徽两优898
HLY898		 CK 234.64a 242.98a 88.73a 25.80a 12.08a 12.39a 60.33a
WD20 232.22a 234.78ab 84.19b 24.42b 10.42b 10.63b 58.16ab
WD40 234.96a 223.82b 80.07c 23.87c 9.12c 9.05c 53.58b
方差分析
Analysis of variance		 V 2453.09** 2723.53** 90.91** 46.41** 8.63* 28.82** 23.28**
ID 2.16 82.01** 178.20** 39.41** 186.48** 33.34** 104.70**
V×ID 1.96 2.99 1.21 1.71 1.09 0.05 2.27

表3

结实期不同灌溉深度对水稻干物质积累与转运的影响

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 抽穗期
单茎茎鞘干重
SDWPS-H (g)		 抽穗期
单茎叶干重
LDWPS-H (g)		 抽穗期
单茎穗干重
PDWPS-H (g)		 抽穗期
单茎地上部干重
ADWPS-H (g)		 成熟期
单茎茎鞘干重
SDWPS-M (g)		 成熟期
单茎叶干重
LDWPS-M (g)
南粳5718
NG5718		 CK 3.27a 1.17a 0.56a 5.00a 2.56b 0.49b
WD20 3.28a 1.07a 0.58a 4.93a 2.65b 0.55ab
WD40 3.24a 1.05a 0.57a 4.86a 2.81a 0.60a
徽两优898
HLY898		 CK 3.88a 0.93a 0.81a 5.62a 3.03b 0.59b
WD20 3.92a 0.94a 0.79a 5.65a 3.10b 0.64b
WD40 3.86a 0.93a 0.83a 5.60a 3.35a 0.74a
方差分析
Analysis of variance		 V 87.38** 35.97** 161.88** 16.32* 62.42** 3.68**
ID 0.83 0.82 0.45 0.47 24.91** 2.64**
V×ID 0.12 0.77 1.36 0.38 0.05 3.71
品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 成熟期
单茎穗干重
PDWPS-M (g)		 成熟期
单茎地上部干重
ADWPS-M (g)		 抽穗―成熟期
单茎穗干重积累量
PDWAPS (g)		 抽穗―成熟期
单茎茎鞘干物质输出量
SDMOPS (g)		 茎鞘干物
质转运率
SDMTR (%)		 茎鞘干物
质贡献率
SDMCR (%)
南粳5718
NG5718		 CK 4.34a 7.39a 3.78a 0.71a 21.80a 21.81a
WD20 4.08b 7.29a 3.49ab 0.62a 19.04b 17.84a
WD40 3.82c 7.22a 3.25b 0.42b 13.15c 13.10b
徽两优898
HLY898		 CK 5.82a 9.49a 5.01a 0.85a 21.91a 17.01a
WD20 5.39b 9.27a 4.60b 0.78a 19.81b 16.89a
WD40 4.52c 8.44b 3.69c 0.53b 13.66c 14.29b
方差分析
Analysis of variance		 V 162.47** 266.42** 74.39** 30.98** 1.93 2.29
ID 73.18** 28.87** 60.01** 172.96** 217.86** 58.08**
V×ID 12.34* 15.40* 10.61** 0.52 0.31 6.67*

表4

籽粒灌浆过程的Richards方程参数估计值

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 粒位
Grain position		 A B K N 生长量
W(g)		 标准差
S		 决定系数
r2
南粳5718
NG5718		 CK 强势粒 28.75 75.89 0.25 2.05 28.74 0.57 0.9994
弱势粒 23.79 542.92 0.25 2.86 23.74 0.56 0.9992
WD20 强势粒 26.48 54.17 0.25 1.80 26.47 1.33 0.9964
弱势粒 21.53 2404.84 0.27 3.94 21.45 0.44 0.9993
WD40 强势粒 24.76 14.34 0.18 1.33 24.69 0.96 0.9976
弱势粒 19.91 5440.38 0.24 4.03 19.31 1.45 0.9917
徽两优898
HLY898		 CK 强势粒 29.46 129.16 0.27 2.87 29.45 0.9 0.9983
弱势粒 25.42 9970.80 0.30 4.67 25.36 1.36 0.9958
WD20 强势粒 27.59 20.10 0.20 1.82 27.54 1.16 0.9967
弱势粒 24.60 3532.45 0.24 4.76 24.22 1.23 0.9961
WD40 强势粒 26.42 18.74 0.18 1.80 26.33 1.06 0.9970
弱势粒 22.65 7485.26 0.21 5.01 20.92 0.03 0.9999

表5

结实期不同灌溉深度对水稻籽粒灌浆特征参数的影响

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 粒位
Grain position		 起始生长势
R0		 达到最大灌浆速率的时间
Tmax (d)		 平均灌浆速率
GRmean (mg/d)		 最大灌浆速率
GRmax (mg/d)		 活跃灌浆期
D (d)
南粳5718
NG5718		 CK 强势粒 0.1241 14.21 0.9025 1.8051 31.85
弱势粒 0.0884 20.72 0.6189 1.2379 38.43
WD20 强势粒 0.1367 13.83 0.8575 1.7151 30.88
弱势粒 0.0678 24.01 0.4843 0.9686 44.45
WD40 强势粒 0.1361 13.17 0.6721 1.3443 36.84
弱势粒 0.0587 30.50 0.3903 0.7806 51.01
徽两优898
HLY898		 CK 强势粒 0.0950 13.93 0.8255 1.6510 35.68
弱势粒 0.0653 25.14 0.5807 1.1614 43.77
WD20 强势粒 0.1079 12.26 0.7084 1.4168 38.94
弱势粒 0.0597 27.94 0.4921 0.9842 49.99
WD40 强势粒 0.0988 13.18 0.6179 1.2358 42.75
弱势粒 0.0427 34.12 0.3460 0.6919 65.46

图1

结实期不同灌溉深度下水稻籽粒粒重和灌浆速率动态

表6

结实期不同灌溉深度对水稻抽穗后15和35 d剑叶光合参数和SPAD值的影响

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 Pn [μmol/(m2·s)] Gs [mmol/(m2·s)] Ci (μmol/mol) Tr [mmol/(m2·s)] SPAD值SPAD value
D15 D35 D15 D35 D15 D35 D15 D35 D15 D35
南粳5718
NG5718		 CK 27.76a 14.90a 0.44a 0.29a 373.00a 294.67a 8.57a 3.27b 44.77a 36.50a
WD20 24.60ab 13.10a 0.39ab 0.31a 359.00b 298.00b 8.39ab 3.95a 49.50a 38.67a
WD40 22.59b 19.73b 0.33b 0.35a 351.33b 324.67b 7.53b 4.43a 47.17a 43.83b
徽两优898
HLY898		 CK 25.60a 11.14a 0.38a 0.32a 379.00a 342.00a 9.47a 3.63a 43.03a 26.20a
WD20 25.53a 10.60a 0.36a 0.29a 374.67a 330.33a 9.19ab 3.84a 41.70a 31.77ab
WD40 23.47b 13.76b 0.32b 0.36a 371.00a 338.33a 8.21b 3.27b 41.80a 35.07b
方差分析
Analysis of variance		 V 0.52 6.95* 2.89 0.06 0.55 8.55* 6.80* 1.12 37.34** 99.70**
ID 8.44* 5.51* 8.70* 0.09 0.57 0.42 4.82* 5.90* 12.22** 11.92**
V×ID 3.17 1.78 1.71 0.22 0.13 0.40 0.07 3.51 7.28* 0.64

图2

抽穗后35 d不同灌溉深度下水稻植株形态

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