根系分泌物在水稻氮素吸收利用中的作用机制及氮肥调控研究进展

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮素是植物生长发育的关键营养元素，主要由植物根系吸收，并在其生命活动中发挥着至关重要的生理作用。根系分泌物是植物在养分代谢过程中，根系向生长介质中分泌或渗出的化学物质，对水稻氮素吸收利用的过程有显著影响。本文综述了水稻根系分泌物的类型、功能及其产生途径，深入分析了根系分泌物在水稻氮素吸收和利用中的作用，探讨了氮肥调控对根系分泌物的影响。同时，总结了以“分泌物”为导向的氮肥减量增效新思路，指出目前研究中存在的问题，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望，旨在为制定合理的氮肥管理策略和实现水稻高产提供理论依据和实践指导。

关键词: 水稻, 根系分泌物, 氮素吸收利用, 氮肥调控

Abstract:

Nitrogen is a key nutrient element for plant growth and development, which is mainly absorbed by plant roots and plays a vital physiological role in various life processes. Root exudates are chemical substances secreted or exuded by roots into the growth medium during nutrient metabolism. They significantly effect the process of nitrogen absorption and utilization in rice. In this paper, the types, functions and production pathways of rice root exudates were reviewed, the roles of root exudates in nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice were analyzed, and the effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation on root exudates were discussed. Furthermore, this paper summarized the new ideas of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement oriented by “secretion”, pointed out the problems existing in the current research, and looked forward to the future research direction, aiming to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for formulating reasonable nitrogen fertilizer management strategies and realizing high yield of rice.

Key words: Rice, Root exudates, Nitrogen uptake and utilization, Nitrogen fertilizer regulation

殷佳, 张男, 孙茹梦, 汝艳, 景文疆, 张耗. 根系分泌物在水稻氮素吸收利用中的作用机制及氮肥调控研究进展[J]. 作物杂志, 2026 (4): 1–7

Yin Jia, Zhang Nan, Sun Rumeng, Ru Yan, Jing Wenjiang, Zhang Hao. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Root Exudates in Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Rice and the Regulation of Nitrogen Fertilizer[J]. Crops, 2026(4): 1–7

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根系分泌物种类Types of root exudates	有机物类别Organic compound class	有机物的组成Composition of organic compound
低分子量有机物 Low-molecular-weight organic compound	糖类	葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、核糖、蔗糖等
低分子量有机物 Low-molecular-weight organic compound	有机酸	酒石酸、草酸、乙酸、乙醇酸、延胡索酸、水杨酸等
	氨基酸	甲硫氨酸、络氨酸、脯氨酸、组氨酸等
	酚酸类	咖啡酸、肉桂酸、杏仁酸、水杨酸等
	其他	1,9-癸二醇、对羟基苯丙酸甲酯、独角金内酯类似物等
高分子量有机物 High-molecular-weight organic compound	酶类	蛋白酶、RNA酶、转化酶、磷酸酶、DNA酶、硝酸酶等
高分子量有机物 High-molecular-weight organic compound	黏胶类	多聚糖、酚类化合物、多聚半乳糖醛酸等
	黄酮类	黄酮类、黄酮醇类、异黄酮类等
	生长素类	生物素、植物生长素、维生素、胆固醇等
衰老细胞分解物及其内含物 Senescent cell debris and its contents	?	?