谷豆间作对谷子生长发育、产量及籽粒品质的影响

doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2026.05.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用单因素随机区组设计，设置大白谷/红小豆、大白谷/绿豆、大白谷/红芸豆、冀张谷5号/红小豆、冀张谷5号/绿豆、冀张谷5号/红芸豆、金苗K1/红小豆、金苗K1/绿豆、金苗K1/红芸豆共9种间作处理，以大白谷、冀张谷5号、金苗K1、红小豆、绿豆、红芸豆6种作物的单作作为对照，研究了谷子与豆类间作对谷子各生育阶段生长发育特性、产量及籽粒品质的影响。结果表明，谷豆间作显著提高了土地利用率，其中以大白谷/红小豆处理的土地当量比最高。在苗期，间作导致谷子基本苗密度降低73.68%~218.18%，但株高增加18.20%~44.19%。在孕穗期，金苗K1/绿豆处理的单株叶面积在各处理中最高，较其他间作处理提高4.51%~85.76%；大白谷/红小豆的单株穗干重最高，提高幅度为10.93%~75.98%。在成熟期，大白谷/红小豆处理的穗粗、单穗干重和单穗粒重较单作分别提高5.28%~17.85%、5.51%~17.45%和3.27%~24.00%。间作显著提升了谷子籽粒的营养品质，其中粗蛋白含量增加9.06%~11.02%，粗脂肪含量提高6.02%~10.54%，直链淀粉含量提高11.48%~24.58%。综合比较各处理表现，华北地区适宜推广大白谷/红小豆间作模式。

关键词: 谷子, 豆类, 间作, 产量, 籽粒品质

Abstract:

A randomized complete block design with a single-factor layout was employed to investigate the effects of millet-legume intercropping on millet growth characteristics at different developmental stages, yield performance, and grain quality. Nine intercropping treatments were established, including Dabaigu/adzuki bean, Dabaigu/mung bean, Dabaigu/kidney bean, Jizhanggu 5/adzuki bean, Jizhanggu 5/mung bean, Jizhanggu 5/kidney bean, Jinmiao K1/adzuki bean, Jinmiao K1/mung bean, and Jinmiao K1/kidney bean. Corresponding monocropping treatments of the six crops (Dabaigu, Jizhanggu 5, Jinmiao K1, adzuki bean, mung bean, and kidney bean) were used as controls. Results showed that millet-legume intercropping significantly improved land use efficiency, with the highest land equivalent ratio observed in the Dabaigu/adzuki bean combination. During the seedling stage, intercropping reduced the basic seedling density of millet by 73.68%- 218.18%, but increased plant height by 18.20% to 44.19%. At the booting stage, the leaf area per plant in the Jinmiao K1/mung bean treatment was significantly higher than in other intercropping treatments, showing an increase of 4.51% to 85.76%. The panicle dry weight per plant of Dabaigu/adzuki bean was the highest, with increases ranging from 10.93% to 75.98%. At the maturity stage, the Dabaigu/adzuki bean treatment increased panicle diameter, panicle dry weight, and grain weight per panicle by 5.28%-17.85%, 5.51%-17.45%, and 3.27%- 24.00%, respectively, compared with monocropping. Intercropping also significantly enhanced grain nutritional quality. Crude protein content was increased by 9.06%-11.02%. Crude fat content was increased by 6.02%- 10.54%, and amylose content was increased by 11.48%-24.58%. Overall, the Dabaigu/adzuki bean intercropping model demonstrated the best performance and is recommended for promotion in North China.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Legumes, Intercropping, Yield, Grain quality

薛乃雯, 刘建霞, 杨珍平, 张东旭. 谷豆间作对谷子生长发育、产量及籽粒品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2026 (5): 255–261

Xue Naiwen, Liu Jianxia, Yang Zhenping, Zhang Dongxu. Effects of Foxtail Millet/Legume Intercropping on the Growth, Development, Yield, and Grain Quality of Foxtail Millet[J]. Crops, 2026(5): 255–261

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处理 Treatment	基本苗 Basic seedlings (/m²)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	SPAD值 SPAD value	单株叶面积 Leaf area per plant (mm²)
D1	34±6a	91.79±13.11de	6.39±1.64a	55.83±4.44b	33 137.52±152.36a
D2	35±1a	104.21±2.15bc	4.52±0.82cd	66.65±4.38a	32 308.50±163.58a
D3	33±1a	85.43±2.19e	6.15±0.71ab	56.04±3.93b	32 417.54±145.23a
J1	14±1c	100.67±8.61bcd	5.72±0.75abc	43.27±3.20e	42 259.74±112.36a
J2	12±2c	100.97±12.25bcd	6.39±0.87a	42.37±1.74e	51 946.84±114.65a
J3	13±3c	106.04±9.67bc	6.14±1.89ab	44.97±1.14de	45 433.20±125.45a
J4	16±4bc	111.24±4.98b	4.79±0.63bcd	54.03±1.52bc	39 701.72±145.26a
J5	11±2c	123.18±3.24a	4.61±0.68cd	54.14±1.29bc	49 817.74±174.23a
J6	15±2bc	109.67±8.33bc	3.94±0.93d	50.24±1.89cd	33 696.66±114.21a
J7	12±1c	99.01±18.91cd	5.53±1.36abc	46.02±2.97de	48 905.00±156.34a
J8	11±3c	103.10±10.32bcd	6.74±1.37a	43.92±1.91e	55 192.02±146.38a
J9	19±3b	86.36±15.56e	5.66±1.52abc	42.70±4.73e	36 223.66±142.36a

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	SPAD值 SPAD value	单株叶面积 Leaf area per plant (mm²)	单株叶片干重 Dry weight of leaves per plant (g)	单株茎秆干重 Dry weight of stem per plant (g)	单株穗干重 Dry weight of spike per plant (g)
D1	116.44±4.52c	7.26±0.50bc	51.70±0.47b	56 038.96±128.43a	4.09±1.24e	7.81±0.11de	11.84±1.77d
D2	138.68±6.73a	7.14±0.77bcd	63.36±3.48a	53 850.42±655.67a	5.10±0.56abc	6.30±0.60f	16.08±1.53a
D3	114.30±6.38cde	8.62±1.02a	51.93±5.71b	43 945.22±522.86b	3.05±0.36f	5.34±0.60g	14.28±1.62b
J1	111.10±2.01def	6.45±0.46de	54.11±0.68b	56 400.13±131.45a	4.69±0.10bcd	10.28±0.01a	3.37±0.14h
J2	110.05±0.89ef	5.59±0.62f	52.72±0.69b	56 230.40±51.41a	4.59±0.03cd	10.11±0.05a	3.99±0.24h
J3	114.65±0.89cd	5.28±0.75f	52.34±0.56b	56 225.74±54.15a	4.33±0.07de	9.68±0.32ab	5.18±0.51g
J4	135.17±0.76ab	6.75±0.30cd	66.11±0.70a	53 697.83±134.53a	5.29±0.03a	8.99±0.08bc	9.34±0.49e
J5	136.82±1.34ab	5.77±0.26ef	65.61±1.02a	53 629.84±156.75a	5.26±0.04a	8.34±0.37cd	11.18±0.59d
J6	133.51±1.03b	5.90±0.11ef	64.73±0.93a	53 214.62±230.56a	5.20±0.02ab	7.34±0.37e	13.02±0.58c
J7	107.55±1.02f	7.61±0.27b	54.20±0.82b	43 946.21±154.70b	3.26±0.04f	7.95±0.04de	7.00±0.06f
J8	108.56±0.99f	7.18±0.25bc	52.83±0.03b	42 942.80±233.45b	3.26±0.04f	7.13±0.25ef	7.86±0.30f
J9	111.08±2.93def	6.70±0.31cd	52.78±0.06b	42 311.58±579.45b	3.19±0.01f	6.41±0.26f	10.05±0.46e

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	SPAD值 SPAD value	单株叶面积 Leaf area per plant (mm²)	单株叶片干重 Dry weight of leaves per plant (g)	单株茎秆干重 Dry weight of stem per plant (g)	单株穗干重 Dry weight of spike per plant (g)
D1	150.25±9.60a	6.38±0.77ab	52.98±3.25a	31 258.48±324.28ab	6.77±1.06a	17.24±0.94a	22.01±2.21c
D2	151.94±5.02a	6.60±0.27a	49.93±4.94b	22 014.23±209.78d	6.73±1.00a	15.45±1.40b	18.95±2.03d
D3	133.88±4.55c	6.72±0.97a	39.23±3.44f	33 548.08±324.53ab	5.21±0.43cdef	12.72±2.24cd	27.70±4.43b
J1	138.34±0.99bc	5.47±0.29d	45.84±0.75c	33 598.72±258.43ab	5.90±0.21bc	13.62±0.21c	31.36±0.51a
J2	136.08±0.66c	5.33±0.15de	42.86±0.71cde	29 205.79±224.08bc	5.25±0.15cde	11.97±0.13d	18.10±0.54d
J3	136.54±0.58c	4.78±0.13e	43.86±0.68cd	30 738.65±316.27ab	5.53±0.21bcd	12.43±0.33cd	17.82±1.15d
J4	138.50±0.87bc	5.61±0.20cd	42.32±0.83de	21 301.81±380.03d	5.74±0.22bcd	11.82±0.18de	28.02±0.35b
J5	143.14±2.08b	4.73±0.23e	42.88±0.47cde	24 156.47±381.12cd	6.17±0.27ab	12.64±0.37cd	28.27±3.61b
J6	128.52±2.02d	5.29±0.14de	40.51±0.28ef	19 617.06±343.43d	5.18±0.20def	11.04±0.55e	27.05±0.46b
J7	117.39±1.30e	6.16±0.12abc	29.08±0.50h	32 759.03±214.17ab	3.99±0.11g	8.66±0.26f	23.35±0.49c
J8	123.51±1.65d	5.81±0.13bcd	31.49±0.25gh	36 440.29±249.48a	4.58±0.18fg	9.51±0.23f	23.91±0.54c
J9	127.48±1.42d	5.28±0.23de	32.23±0.59g	34 868.22±239.07ab	4.54±0.30fg	9.51±0.11f	24.37±1.06c

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	穗粗 Panicle diameter (mm)	单穗干重 Dry weight per panicle (g)	单穗粒重 Grain weight per panicle (g)
D1	100.33±3.44a	7.33±0.34a	26.33±1.21ab	25.59±1.35ab	28.32±0.98ab	25.42±1.30ab
D2	97.00±2.61ab	6.66±0.30abc	27.33±1.21a	23.07±0.74bcd	27.94±1.32abc	22.69±1.65abc
D3	96.33±2.73abc	6.38±0.39bc	24.67±1.21bcd	22.86±2.20bcd	25.44±1.17bc	21.17±1.13bc
J1	92.00±10.75bcd	7.02±0.36ab	26.67±1.75ab	26.94±3.19a	29.88±2.76a	26.25±4.08a
J2	89.83±5.27cd	6.27±1.06bc	21.00±0.89f	20.33±3.61d	20.38±4.68de	15.37±3.58d
J3	92.33±3.98bcd	5.09±0.54e	18.00±3.52g	22.70±2.52bcd	12.28±1.93e	9.96±1.47e
J4	88.50±4.93d	6.26±0.81bc	26.33±1.63ab	22.73±1.13bcd	28.09±2.53ab	24.00±2.47ab
J5	93.67±6.68bcd	6.05±0.62c	22.67±1.21cde	22.04±2.49bcd	25.90±2.52bc	18.87±1.28cd
J6	74.53±9.62e	5.28±1.09de	23.50±3.39cde	23.75±5.33abcd	21.48±5.22cd	18.94±6.26cd
J7	89.67±3.14cd	6.94±0.51ab	21.17±0.75ef	22.87±1.20bcd	22.23±1.51c	19.02±0.62cd
J8	90.67±2.16bcd	6.11±0.29c	25.00±1.41abcd	21.77±1.29cd	26.83±1.27bc	22.84±3.90abc
J9	92.33±2.42bcd	5.89±0.18dc	25.50±1.87abc	24.22±2.36abc	24.98±1.96c	22.71±1.64abc

处理 Treatment	单作谷子产量 Foxtail millet yield in monoculture (kg/hm²)	间作谷子产量 Intercropping foxtail millet yield (kg/hm²)	间作豆类产量 Intercropping legumes yield (kg/hm²)	偏土地当量比 Partial land equivalent ratio		土地当量比 LER
处理 Treatment	单作谷子产量 Foxtail millet yield in monoculture (kg/hm²)	间作谷子产量 Intercropping foxtail millet yield (kg/hm²)	间作豆类产量 Intercropping legumes yield (kg/hm²)	谷子Foxtail millet	豆类Legumes	土地当量比 LER
D1	5080.08	－	－	－	－	－
D2	5193.37	－	－	－	－	－
D3	4090.13	－	－	－	－	－
J1	－	3302.05	1760.07	0.65a	0.67a	1.32a
J2	－	3048.05	888.88	0.60bc	0.60cde	1.20d
J3	－	3048.05	1511.14	0.60bc	0.62bcd	1.22d
J4	－	3375.69	1681.26	0.65a	0.64ab	1.29b
J5	－	3219.89	888.88	0.62ab	0.60cde	1.22d
J6	－	3271.82	1535.52	0.63ab	0.63bc	1.26bc
J7	－	2535.88	1602.45	0.62ab	0.61bcde	1.23cd
J8	－	2494.98	874.07	0.61bc	0.59de	1.20d
J9	－	2372.28	1389.28	0.58c	0.57e	1.15e