Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 162-167.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.03.025

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The Quality of Mechanical Harvesting Maize Grain and Its Influencing Factors in Central Liaoning Province

Li Shaokun1,Wang Keru1,Wang Yanbo2,Zhao Haiyan2,Shen Yuzhong3,Cai Dandan4,Xiao Wanxin2,Jiang Wenye3,Huang Zhaofu1,Zhai Lichao1,Xie Ruizhi1,Hou Peng1,Ming Bo1   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Beijing 100081, China
    2 Corn Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
    3 Tieling County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Tieling 112600, Liaoning, China
    4 Liaoning Branch of China Sinochem Fertilizer Holdings Limited Company, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2018-03-29 Revised:2018-05-20 Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-06-20

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Abstract:

Studying and defining the factors restricting the quality of mechanical harvesting maize grain is of great significance for the promotion and transformation of mechanical harvesting maize grain technology in Liaoning Province. From 2015 to 2017, five sets of mechanical harvesting maize grain technology tests and demonstrations were conducted at Tieling, Shenbei and Haicheng in Liaoning Province, with the evaluation of 57 samples from 41 cultivars. The results showed that: (1) The average grain broken rate was 11.38%, all the results of five sets of experiments were higher than the national standard (≤5%), which was the main problem of mechanical harvesting maize grain in Liaoning Province; (2) The average yield loss rate was 3.93%, with a large variation (0.78%-12.60%) between different sets; (3) The correlation coefficients of grain moisture content and grain broken rate, and impurity rate were 0.596 and 0.454 which reached a extremly significant difference level. High grain moisture content was the main reason resulting in high grain broken rate and high impurity rate; (4) Yield loss mainly came from the ear loss, accounting for 63.2%-92.5% of the total yield loss, ear loss was closely related to lodging rate; (5) When harvested at middle to late October (13th to 21st, October), the grain moisture content of the 87.2% of the testing cultivars could drop to below 25%, which is in the suitable moisture content for mechanical harvesting grain. The present study showed that the heat resources was rich in central Liaoning Province and it had a long suitable harvesting period, the grain moisture content was not the key factor that restricts mechanical grain harvest. The keys to popularize maize mechanical grain harvest is to breed cultivars which has a slow stem senescence and high tolerance to stem rot and Ostrinia nubilalis, controlling lodging and ear loss.

Key words: Central Liaoning, Maize, Mechanical harvesting grain, Grain moisture content, Plant lodging, Yield loss

Table 1

Information of the experiments"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Site		 品种
Cultivar		 品种数
Number of cultivars		 播种时间(月-日)
Sowing date (Month-Day)		 收获时间(月-日)
Harvest date (Month-Day)
2015 铁岭蔡牛 联创808,先玉027,MC812,真金308,MC278,中单909,登海618,中科玉505,农华205,安玉579,东单1451,裕丰303,迪卡159,迪卡517 14 5-15 10-14
沈北黄家村 迪卡159,登海618,联创808,中科玉505,裕丰303,先玉335,真金308,真
金318,辽单588,辽单527		 10 4-24 9-27
海城耿庄 先玉027,飞天358,美联178,良玉99 4 5-17 10-13
2016 铁岭蔡牛 翔玉998,辽单588,辽单502,东单1501,陕单636,丰垦139,真金318,迪卡159,辽单565,飞天358,辽单575,军玉535 12 4-29 10-21
2017 铁岭蔡牛 京科968,辽单575,迪卡159,京科728,华美1号,翔玉998,优迪919,东单913,陕单636,吉单66,泽玉8911,泽玉501,中迪710,中迪702,东单1331,铁研388,丰垦139 17 4-28 10-20

Table 2

Quality of mechanical grain harvest"

年份Year 试验地点Site 项目Item 破碎率Broken rate (%) 杂质率Impurity rate (%) 损失量Yield loss (kg/hm2) 产量损失率Yield loss rate (%)
2015 铁岭蔡牛 平均值 09.76±2.37 0.21±0.11 179.4±46.5 1.39±0.40
极差 06.79~14.12 0.04~0.41 104.1~256.4 0.86~2.19
沈北黄家村 平均值 21.35±5.29 1.87±1.25 245.4±151.5 2.96±2.05
极值 10.40~28.60 0.80~5.10 53.6~462.2 0.55~6.35
海城耿庄 平均值 06.47±0.75 0.36±0.07 222.8±57.0 1.93±0.38
极值 05.60~7.43 0.26~0.41 161.1~289.2 1.51~2.40
2016 铁岭蔡牛 平均值 10.76±1.98 0.25±0.15 1 137.0±750.2 12.60±8.15
极值 09.04~14.02 0.05~0.51 242.1~2 504.6 3.30~29.18
2017 铁岭蔡牛 平均值 08.58±2.02 0.81±0.66 74.4±28.4 0.78±0.29
极值 04.13~11.35 0.11~2.74 26.0~133.5 0.25~1.23

Fig.1

Grain loss and ear loss of mechanical grain harvest at Shenbei in 2015 and Tieling in 2016"

Table 3

Grain moisture content of different cultivars at harvest stage"

铁岭蔡牛(2015)
Cainiu, Tieling		 沈北黄家村(2015)
Huangjiacun, Shenbei		 海城耿庄(2015)
Gengzhuang, Haicheng		 铁岭蔡牛(2016)
Cainiu, Tieling		 铁岭蔡牛(2017)
Cainiu, Tieling
品种
Cultivar		 含水率(%)
Moisture
content		 品种
Cultivar		 含水率(%)
Moisture
content		 品种
Cultivar		 含水率(%)
Moisture
content		 品种
Cultivar		 含水率(%)
Moisture
content		 品种
Cultivar		 含水率(%)
Moisture
content
迪卡517 18.4 中科玉505 24.1 飞天358 23.1 丰垦139 18.4 中迪702 17.3
真金308 19.0 真金308 24.4 先玉027 23.2 迪卡159 18.7 丰垦139 18.1
农华205 19.8 先玉335 26.0 良玉99 26.0 真金318 19.9 华美1号 18.1
中科玉505 19.9 裕丰303 26.7 美联178 27.1 陕单636 20.1 泽玉501 19.4
迪卡159 20.6 真金318 26.8 飞天358 20.7 京科728 19.4
MC278 21.3 登海618 27.7 军玉535 22.4 迪卡159 19.8
联创808 21.6 联创808 27.9 辽单575 22.5 吉单66 20.1
先玉027 22.0 迪卡159 28.2 翔玉998 22.8 东单913 20.3
裕丰303 22.2 辽单527 34.8 辽单502 24.0 泽玉8911 20.5
登海618 22.7 辽单588 35.4 辽单565 24.6 辽单575 20.7
MC812 22.8 东单1501 25.1 中迪710 21.1
安玉579 22.9 辽单588 26.3 陕单636 21.4
东单1451 26.5 铁研388 21.7
中单909 29.8 翔玉998 21.8
优迪919 22.7
京科968 23.4
东单1331 24.9
平均值±S Mean 22.1±3.0 28.2±3.9 24.8±2.0 22.1±2.6 20.6±2.0
变幅Range 18.4~29.8 24.1~35.4 23.1~27.1 18.4~26.3 17.3~24.9
含水率低于25%品种占比(%)
Percentage of cultivars (grain moisture content lower than 25%)		 86 20 50 83 100

Table 4

The relationship between grain moisture content and quality of mechanical harvest"

试验地点Site 年份Year 样本量Sample 破碎率Broken rate 杂质率Impurity rate 损失量Yield loss 产量损失率Yield loss rate
铁岭蔡牛Cainiu, Tieling 2015 14 -0.139NS 0.192NS -0.547* -0.412NS
沈北黄家村Huangjiacun, Shenbei 2015 10 0.448NS 0.244NS 0.015NS 0.096NS
海城耿庄Gengzhuang, Haicheng 2015 4 -0.678NS -0.605NS 0.192NS 0.254NS
铁岭蔡牛Cainiu, Tieling 2016 12 0.475NS 0.557* -0.435NS -0.402NS
铁岭蔡牛Cainiu, Tieling 2017 17 -0.335NS 0.232NS -0.325NS -0.278NS
总体 Total 57 0.596** 0.454** -0.101NS -0.069NS

Fig.2

The relationship between broken rate and grain moisture content"

Fig.3

The relationship between impurity rate and grain moisture content"

Table 5

The relationship between lodging rate and yield loss of mechanical grain harvest"

试验地点
Site		 年份
Year		 样本量
Sample		 落粒重
Lossing grain weight		 落穗子粒重
Grain weight of lossing ear		 损失量
Yield loss		 落粒率
Grain loss rate		 落穗率
Ear loss rate		 产量损失率
Yield loss rate
沈北黄家村Huangjiacun, Shenbei 2015 10 -0.220NS 0.667* 0.604* -0.110NS 0.600* 0.543NS
铁岭蔡牛Cainiu, Tieling 2016 12 -0.317NS 0.721** 0.709** -0.251NS 0.818** 0.815**

Fig.4

The relationship between lodging rate and yield loss at Shenbei in 2015"

Fig.5

The relationship between lodging rate and yield loss at Tieling in 2016"

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