Crops ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 127-131.doi: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2018.05.020

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Study on Maize Mechanical Grain Harvest in Northern Xinjiang

Li Shaokun1,Zhang Wanxu1,2,Wang Keru1,Han Dongsheng3,Yang Xiaoxia3,Chen Yongsheng4,Yu Wanbing4,Liu Chaowei2,Zhang Guoqiang2,Liu Fenghe1,Chen Jianglu5,Yang Jingjing5,Li Lulu1,Xie Ruizhi1,Hou Peng1,Ming Bo1   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2 Agronomy College, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
    3 71th Farm, The Fourth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Xinyuan 835801, Xinjiang, China
    4 Qitai Farm, The Sixth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Qitai 831800, Xinjiang, China
    5 The Sixth Division of Agricultural Science Research Institute of Xinjiang, Wujiaqu 831301, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2018-05-09 Revised:2018-05-20 Online:2018-10-15 Published:2018-10-12

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Abstract:

Northern Xinjiang is the region where the rate of maize mechanical grain harvest is the highest. To understand the present situation of maize mechanical grain harvest quality in northern Xinjiang, we investigated the grain harvest quality in Qitai, Xinyuan, Yining, Wenquan cultivars etc. and obtained the harvest quality data of 269 samples. The results showed that: (1) the average grain broken rate of spring maize in northern Xinjiang was 6.38%, which was higher than the national standard of 5%. Impurity rate and yield loss rate were 0.41% and 0.96%, respectively, which were lower than the national standards of 3% and 5%. The high grain broken rate was the main problem for maize mechanical grain harvest quality in northern Xinjiang. (2) The average grain moisture content was 23.3% correlated with grain broken rate significantly fitting the equation of y=0.0263x 2-1.0433x+15.867 (R 2=0.108, n=269). (3) Grain broken rates of different cultivars were different under the condition of the same grain moisture content. Grain broken rate of Xinyin M751 was significantly lower than that KWS2564 and that was in the middle for KX3564. (4) The selection of early maturity, fast dehydration and density-tolerant cultivars combined with whole process mechanization can effectively improve the quality of mechanical grain harvest and achieve maize high yield and high efficiency.

Key words: Northern Xinjiang, Maize, Mechanical grain harvest, Harvest quality, Grain moisture content

Table 1

The qualities of mechanical grain harvest in the field in northern Xinjiang %"

收获质量Harvest quality 平均值Average 标准差Standard deviation 最小值Minimum 最大值Maximum 变异系数Coefficient of variation
破碎率Broken rate 6.38 3.03 1.18 17.20 47.5
杂质率Impurity rate 0.41 0.39 0.00 2.21 97.0
产量损失率Yield loss rate 0.96 1.92 0.00 15.14 200.0
落粒率Grain loss rate 0.39 0.47 0.00 3.65 233.7
落穗率Ear loss rate 0.94 2.19 0.00 13.98 120.1

Fig.1

The grain broken rate distribution of mechanical grain harvest in the field in northern Xinjiang"

Fig.2

The grain moisture content distribution of mechanical grain harvest in the field in northern Xinjiang"

Table 2

The relationship between mechanical grain harvest quality and grain moisture contents in the field %"

收获质量
Harvest quality		 子粒含水率
Grain moisture content		 破碎率
Broken rate		 杂质率
Impurity rate		 落穗率
Ear loss rate		 落粒率
Grain loss rate
破碎率Broken rate 0.244**
杂质率Impurity rate 0.339** 0.093*
落穗率Ear loss rate 0.106 -0.021* 0.030
落粒率Grain loss rate -0.173** 0.150* -0.072 0.185*
产量损失率Yield loss rate -0.034 0.098* -0.077 0.977** 0.442**

Fig.3

Relationships between grain moisture contents and grain broken rates in the field in northern Xinjiang"

Fig.4

Maize grain moisture contents and broken rates of the main planting maize cultivars in northern XinjiangZD958: Zhengdan 958, XY335: Xianyu 335, M751: Xinyin M751, M753: Xinyin M753, XY77: Xinyu 77"

Fig.5

The relationship between maize grain moisture contents and broken rates of different cultivars"

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